On 15/02/2011 11:40 AM, Sam Steingold wrote:
what does the output for [[]] mean here:
>  all$X.Time[5]
[1] "2011-02-15 09:32:26.37222"
>  all$X.Time[[5]]
  [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

You didn't tell us what X.Time was, but it looks like a POSIXlt object, which is stored internally as a list of 9 vectors. You're seeing the 5th of those, which should be the month number (Jan=0, Feb=1, ...).
>  all$X.Time[1]
[1] "2011-02-15 09:31:29.18761"
>  all$X.Time[[1]]
  [1] 29.18761 34.30949 36.38144 12.28500 26.37222 47.00837 40.20271 32.83765
  [9] 54.56998 28.56961 55.96641 28.91920 32.29962 10.94081 34.31731  3.21796
[17] 58.12660 19.69056 55.99009 45.76731 46.52072

The first vector is the second.
also,
>  all$X.Time[0]
character(0)

why no error? I thought that vectors were 1-based.

Yes, but indexing by 0 or negative numbers has special meaning: see the R Language Definition manual.

Duncan Murdoch

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