In "An Introduction to R" Version 3.3.1, in "9.2.1 Conditional execution: if 
statements", the last paragraph is the following:
There is a vectorized version of the if/else construct, the ifelse function. 
This has the form ifelse(condition, a, b) and returns a vector of the length of 
its longest argument, with elements a[i] if condition[i] is true, otherwise 
b[i].


In fact, ifelse(condition, a, b) returns a vector of the length of 'condition', 
even if 'a' or 'b' is longer.

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