From 1b613d3c96991a1616786d1ca4b1f5365b68f74a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dave Cramer <davecramer@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Apr 2023 15:40:03 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Created protocol.h Protocol.h has defines for every protocol
 message both backend and frontend Instead of using hardcoded values for each
 protocol message use defines to make code easier to read

Use commands for documenting fe-trace.c
More commands instead of characters

Change name to
PqMsg<name>Request|Response
---
 src/backend/access/common/printsimple.c       |   5 +-
 src/backend/access/transam/parallel.c         |  17 +--
 src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c          |  21 ++--
 src/backend/commands/async.c                  |   3 +-
 src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c          |  23 ++--
 src/backend/commands/copyto.c                 |   7 +-
 src/backend/libpq/auth-sasl.c                 |   3 +-
 src/backend/libpq/auth.c                      |   9 +-
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c           |   3 +-
 src/backend/replication/walsender.c           |  19 ++--
 src/backend/tcop/dest.c                       |   9 +-
 src/backend/tcop/fastpath.c                   |   3 +-
 src/backend/tcop/postgres.c                   |  77 ++++++-------
 src/backend/utils/activity/backend_progress.c |   3 +-
 src/backend/utils/error/elog.c                |   3 +-
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c                  |   3 +-
 src/include/protocol.h                        |  60 +++++++++++
 src/interfaces/libpq/fe-auth.c                |   3 +-
 src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c             |  15 +--
 src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c                |  53 ++++-----
 src/interfaces/libpq/fe-protocol3.c           |  66 ++++++------
 src/interfaces/libpq/fe-trace.c               | 101 +++++++++---------
 22 files changed, 294 insertions(+), 212 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/include/protocol.h

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printsimple.c b/src/backend/access/common/printsimple.c
index ef818228ac..54052b1bb7 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printsimple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printsimple.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "access/printsimple.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
 /*
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ printsimple_startup(DestReceiver *self, int operation, TupleDesc tupdesc)
 	StringInfoData buf;
 	int			i;
 
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'T'); /* RowDescription */
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgRowDescriptionResponse);
 	pq_sendint16(&buf, tupdesc->natts);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < tupdesc->natts; ++i)
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ printsimple(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 	slot_getallattrs(slot);
 
 	/* Prepare and send message */
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'D');
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgDataRowResponse);
 	pq_sendint16(&buf, tupdesc->natts);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < tupdesc->natts; ++i)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/parallel.c b/src/backend/access/transam/parallel.c
index 1738aecf1f..dd7c8290f4 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/parallel.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/parallel.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/predicate.h"
 #include "storage/sinval.h"
@@ -1127,7 +1128,7 @@ HandleParallelMessage(ParallelContext *pcxt, int i, StringInfo msg)
 
 	switch (msgtype)
 	{
-		case 'K':				/* BackendKeyData */
+		case PqMsgBackendKeyDataRequest:
 			{
 				int32		pid = pq_getmsgint(msg, 4);
 
@@ -1137,8 +1138,8 @@ HandleParallelMessage(ParallelContext *pcxt, int i, StringInfo msg)
 				break;
 			}
 
-		case 'E':				/* ErrorResponse */
-		case 'N':				/* NoticeResponse */
+		case PqMsgErrorResponse:
+		case PqMsgNoticeResponse:
 			{
 				ErrorData	edata;
 				ErrorContextCallback *save_error_context_stack;
@@ -1183,7 +1184,7 @@ HandleParallelMessage(ParallelContext *pcxt, int i, StringInfo msg)
 				break;
 			}
 
-		case 'A':				/* NotifyResponse */
+		case PqMsgNotifyResponse:
 			{
 				/* Propagate NotifyResponse. */
 				int32		pid;
@@ -1200,7 +1201,7 @@ HandleParallelMessage(ParallelContext *pcxt, int i, StringInfo msg)
 				break;
 			}
 
-		case 'P':				/* Parallel progress reporting */
+		case PqMsgParallelProgressResponse:
 			{
 				/*
 				 * Only incremental progress reporting is currently supported.
@@ -1217,7 +1218,7 @@ HandleParallelMessage(ParallelContext *pcxt, int i, StringInfo msg)
 				break;
 			}
 
-		case 'X':				/* Terminate, indicating clean exit */
+		case PqMsgTerminateRequest:	/* Terminate, indicating clean exit */
 			{
 				shm_mq_detach(pcxt->worker[i].error_mqh);
 				pcxt->worker[i].error_mqh = NULL;
@@ -1372,7 +1373,7 @@ ParallelWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
 	 * protocol message is defined, but it won't actually be used for anything
 	 * in this case.
 	 */
-	pq_beginmessage(&msgbuf, 'K');
+	pq_beginmessage(&msgbuf, PqMsgBackendKeyDataRequest);
 	pq_sendint32(&msgbuf, (int32) MyProcPid);
 	pq_sendint32(&msgbuf, (int32) MyCancelKey);
 	pq_endmessage(&msgbuf);
@@ -1550,7 +1551,7 @@ ParallelWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
 	DetachSession();
 
 	/* Report success. */
-	pq_putmessage('X', NULL, 0);
+	pq_putmessage(PqMsgTerminateRequest, NULL, 0);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
index 1db80cde1b..e44189b171 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "libpq/libpq.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "tcop/dest.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/timestamp.h"
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ bbsink_copystream_begin_backup(bbsink *sink)
 	SendTablespaceList(state->tablespaces);
 
 	/* Send a CommandComplete message */
-	pq_puttextmessage('C', "SELECT");
+	pq_puttextmessage(PqMsgCommandCompleteResponse, "SELECT");
 
 	/* Begin COPY stream. This will be used for all archives + manifest. */
 	SendCopyOutResponse();
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ bbsink_copystream_begin_archive(bbsink *sink, const char *archive_name)
 	StringInfoData buf;
 
 	ti = list_nth(state->tablespaces, state->tablespace_num);
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'd'); /* CopyData */
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyDataRequest);
 	pq_sendbyte(&buf, 'n');		/* New archive */
 	pq_sendstring(&buf, archive_name);
 	pq_sendstring(&buf, ti->path == NULL ? "" : ti->path);
@@ -220,8 +221,8 @@ bbsink_copystream_archive_contents(bbsink *sink, size_t len)
 		{
 			mysink->last_progress_report_time = now;
 
-			pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'd'); /* CopyData */
-			pq_sendbyte(&buf, 'p'); /* Progress report */
+			pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyDataRequest);
+			pq_sendbyte(&buf, PqMsgCopyProgressRequest);
 			pq_sendint64(&buf, state->bytes_done);
 			pq_endmessage(&buf);
 			pq_flush_if_writable();
@@ -246,8 +247,8 @@ bbsink_copystream_end_archive(bbsink *sink)
 
 	mysink->bytes_done_at_last_time_check = state->bytes_done;
 	mysink->last_progress_report_time = GetCurrentTimestamp();
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'd'); /* CopyData */
-	pq_sendbyte(&buf, 'p');		/* Progress report */
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyDataRequest);
+	pq_sendbyte(&buf, PqMsgCopyProgressRequest);
 	pq_sendint64(&buf, state->bytes_done);
 	pq_endmessage(&buf);
 	pq_flush_if_writable();
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ bbsink_copystream_begin_manifest(bbsink *sink)
 {
 	StringInfoData buf;
 
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'd'); /* CopyData */
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyDataRequest);
 	pq_sendbyte(&buf, 'm');		/* Manifest */
 	pq_endmessage(&buf);
 }
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ SendCopyOutResponse(void)
 {
 	StringInfoData buf;
 
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'H');
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyOutResponse);
 	pq_sendbyte(&buf, 0);		/* overall format */
 	pq_sendint16(&buf, 0);		/* natts */
 	pq_endmessage(&buf);
@@ -330,7 +331,7 @@ SendCopyOutResponse(void)
 static void
 SendCopyDone(void)
 {
-	pq_putemptymessage('c');
+	pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgCopyDoneRequest);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@ SendXlogRecPtrResult(XLogRecPtr ptr, TimeLineID tli)
 	end_tup_output(tstate);
 
 	/* Send a CommandComplete message */
-	pq_puttextmessage('C', "SELECT");
+	pq_puttextmessage(PqMsgCommandCompleteResponse, "SELECT");
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index ef909cf4e0..27e2401601 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@
 #include "libpq/libpq.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
 #include "storage/proc.h"
@@ -2281,7 +2282,7 @@ NotifyMyFrontEnd(const char *channel, const char *payload, int32 srcPid)
 	{
 		StringInfoData buf;
 
-		pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'A');
+		pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgNotifyResponse);
 		pq_sendint32(&buf, srcPid);
 		pq_sendstring(&buf, channel);
 		pq_sendstring(&buf, payload);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c b/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
index 232768a6e1..7e90e2da5d 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
 #include "utils/rel.h"
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ ReceiveCopyBegin(CopyFromState cstate)
 	int16		format = (cstate->opts.binary ? 1 : 0);
 	int			i;
 
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'G');
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyInResponse);
 	pq_sendbyte(&buf, format);	/* overall format */
 	pq_sendint16(&buf, natts);
 	for (i = 0; i < natts; i++)
@@ -279,13 +280,13 @@ CopyGetData(CopyFromState cstate, void *databuf, int minread, int maxread)
 					/* Validate message type and set packet size limit */
 					switch (mtype)
 					{
-						case 'd':	/* CopyData */
+						case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:
 							maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 							break;
-						case 'c':	/* CopyDone */
-						case 'f':	/* CopyFail */
-						case 'H':	/* Flush */
-						case 'S':	/* Sync */
+						case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
+						case PqMsgCopyFailRequest:
+						case PqMsgFlushDataRequest:
+						case PqMsgSyncDataRequest:
 							maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 							break;
 						default:
@@ -305,20 +306,20 @@ CopyGetData(CopyFromState cstate, void *databuf, int minread, int maxread)
 					/* ... and process it */
 					switch (mtype)
 					{
-						case 'd':	/* CopyData */
+						case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:
 							break;
-						case 'c':	/* CopyDone */
+						case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
 							/* COPY IN correctly terminated by frontend */
 							cstate->raw_reached_eof = true;
 							return bytesread;
-						case 'f':	/* CopyFail */
+						case PqMsgCopyFailRequest:
 							ereport(ERROR,
 									(errcode(ERRCODE_QUERY_CANCELED),
 									 errmsg("COPY from stdin failed: %s",
 											pq_getmsgstring(cstate->fe_msgbuf))));
 							break;
-						case 'H':	/* Flush */
-						case 'S':	/* Sync */
+						case PqMsgFlushDataRequest:
+						case PqMsgSyncDataRequest:
 
 							/*
 							 * Ignore Flush/Sync for the convenience of client
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/copyto.c b/src/backend/commands/copyto.c
index 9e4b2437a5..2b832bed1e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/copyto.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/copyto.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "rewrite/rewriteHandler.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
 #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ SendCopyBegin(CopyToState cstate)
 	int16		format = (cstate->opts.binary ? 1 : 0);
 	int			i;
 
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'H');
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyOutResponse);
 	pq_sendbyte(&buf, format);	/* overall format */
 	pq_sendint16(&buf, natts);
 	for (i = 0; i < natts; i++)
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ SendCopyEnd(CopyToState cstate)
 	/* Shouldn't have any unsent data */
 	Assert(cstate->fe_msgbuf->len == 0);
 	/* Send Copy Done message */
-	pq_putemptymessage('c');
+	pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgCopyDoneRequest);
 }
 
 /*----------
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ CopySendEndOfRow(CopyToState cstate)
 				CopySendChar(cstate, '\n');
 
 			/* Dump the accumulated row as one CopyData message */
-			(void) pq_putmessage('d', fe_msgbuf->data, fe_msgbuf->len);
+			(void) pq_putmessage(PqMsgCopyDataRequest, fe_msgbuf->data, fe_msgbuf->len);
 			break;
 		case COPY_CALLBACK:
 			cstate->data_dest_cb(fe_msgbuf->data, fe_msgbuf->len);
diff --git a/src/backend/libpq/auth-sasl.c b/src/backend/libpq/auth-sasl.c
index 684680897b..7327b7316c 100644
--- a/src/backend/libpq/auth-sasl.c
+++ b/src/backend/libpq/auth-sasl.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "libpq/libpq.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "libpq/sasl.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 
 /*
  * Maximum accepted size of SASL messages.
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ CheckSASLAuth(const pg_be_sasl_mech *mech, Port *port, char *shadow_pass,
 	{
 		pq_startmsgread();
 		mtype = pq_getbyte();
-		if (mtype != 'p')
+		if (mtype != PqMsgPasswordResponse)
 		{
 			/* Only log error if client didn't disconnect. */
 			if (mtype != EOF)
diff --git a/src/backend/libpq/auth.c b/src/backend/libpq/auth.c
index 315a24bb3f..fb572cfe8c 100644
--- a/src/backend/libpq/auth.c
+++ b/src/backend/libpq/auth.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "libpq/scram.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
 #include "replication/walsender.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
@@ -665,7 +666,7 @@ sendAuthRequest(Port *port, AuthRequest areq, const char *extradata, int extrale
 
 	CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'R');
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgAuthenticationRequest);
 	pq_sendint32(&buf, (int32) areq);
 	if (extralen > 0)
 		pq_sendbytes(&buf, extradata, extralen);
@@ -698,7 +699,7 @@ recv_password_packet(Port *port)
 
 	/* Expect 'p' message type */
 	mtype = pq_getbyte();
-	if (mtype != 'p')
+	if (mtype != PqMsgPasswordResponse)
 	{
 		/*
 		 * If the client just disconnects without offering a password, don't
@@ -961,7 +962,7 @@ pg_GSS_recvauth(Port *port)
 		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
 		mtype = pq_getbyte();
-		if (mtype != 'p')
+		if (mtype != PqMsgPasswordResponse)
 		{
 			/* Only log error if client didn't disconnect. */
 			if (mtype != EOF)
@@ -1232,7 +1233,7 @@ pg_SSPI_recvauth(Port *port)
 	{
 		pq_startmsgread();
 		mtype = pq_getbyte();
-		if (mtype != 'p')
+		if (mtype != PqMsgPasswordResponse)
 		{
 			if (sspictx != NULL)
 			{
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index 9c8ec779f9..d4c8c40596 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@
 #include "postmaster/pgarch.h"
 #include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
 #include "postmaster/syslogger.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "replication/logicallauncher.h"
 #include "replication/walsender.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
@@ -2357,7 +2358,7 @@ SendNegotiateProtocolVersion(List *unrecognized_protocol_options)
 	StringInfoData buf;
 	ListCell   *lc;
 
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'v'); /* NegotiateProtocolVersion */
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgNegotiateProtocolResponse);
 	pq_sendint32(&buf, PG_PROTOCOL_LATEST);
 	pq_sendint32(&buf, list_length(unrecognized_protocol_options));
 	foreach(lc, unrecognized_protocol_options)
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/walsender.c b/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
index d27ef2985d..99f357519a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 #include "nodes/replnodes.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "postmaster/interrupt.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "replication/decode.h"
 #include "replication/logical.h"
 #include "replication/slot.h"
@@ -603,7 +604,7 @@ SendTimeLineHistory(TimeLineHistoryCmd *cmd)
 	dest->rStartup(dest, CMD_SELECT, tupdesc);
 
 	/* Send a DataRow message */
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'D');
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgDataRowResponse);
 	pq_sendint16(&buf, 2);		/* # of columns */
 	len = strlen(histfname);
 	pq_sendint32(&buf, len);	/* col1 len */
@@ -801,7 +802,7 @@ StartReplication(StartReplicationCmd *cmd)
 		WalSndSetState(WALSNDSTATE_CATCHUP);
 
 		/* Send a CopyBothResponse message, and start streaming */
-		pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'W');
+		pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyBothResponse);
 		pq_sendbyte(&buf, 0);
 		pq_sendint16(&buf, 0);
 		pq_endmessage(&buf);
@@ -1294,7 +1295,7 @@ StartLogicalReplication(StartReplicationCmd *cmd)
 	WalSndSetState(WALSNDSTATE_CATCHUP);
 
 	/* Send a CopyBothResponse message, and start streaming */
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'W');
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgCopyBothResponse);
 	pq_sendbyte(&buf, 0);
 	pq_sendint16(&buf, 0);
 	pq_endmessage(&buf);
@@ -1923,11 +1924,11 @@ ProcessRepliesIfAny(void)
 		/* Validate message type and set packet size limit */
 		switch (firstchar)
 		{
-			case 'd':
+			case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:
 				maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 				break;
-			case 'c':
-			case 'X':
+			case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
+			case PqMsgTerminateRequest:
 				maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 				break;
 			default:
@@ -1955,7 +1956,7 @@ ProcessRepliesIfAny(void)
 				/*
 				 * 'd' means a standby reply wrapped in a CopyData packet.
 				 */
-			case 'd':
+			case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:
 				ProcessStandbyMessage();
 				received = true;
 				break;
@@ -1964,7 +1965,7 @@ ProcessRepliesIfAny(void)
 				 * CopyDone means the standby requested to finish streaming.
 				 * Reply with CopyDone, if we had not sent that already.
 				 */
-			case 'c':
+			case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
 				if (!streamingDoneSending)
 				{
 					pq_putmessage_noblock('c', NULL, 0);
@@ -1978,7 +1979,7 @@ ProcessRepliesIfAny(void)
 				/*
 				 * 'X' means that the standby is closing down the socket.
 				 */
-			case 'X':
+			case PqMsgTerminateRequest:
 				proc_exit(0);
 
 			default:
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/dest.c b/src/backend/tcop/dest.c
index c0406e2ee5..2f95678b41 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/dest.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/dest.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include "executor/tstoreReceiver.h"
 #include "libpq/libpq.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "utils/portal.h"
 
 
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ EndCommand(const QueryCompletion *qc, CommandDest dest, bool force_undecorated_o
 
 			len = BuildQueryCompletionString(completionTag, qc,
 											 force_undecorated_output);
-			pq_putmessage('C', completionTag, len + 1);
+			pq_putmessage(PqMsgCloseRequest, completionTag, len + 1);
 
 		case DestNone:
 		case DestDebug:
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ EndCommand(const QueryCompletion *qc, CommandDest dest, bool force_undecorated_o
 void
 EndReplicationCommand(const char *commandTag)
 {
-	pq_putmessage('C', commandTag, strlen(commandTag) + 1);
+	pq_putmessage(PqMsgCloseRequest, commandTag, strlen(commandTag) + 1);
 }
 
 /* ----------------
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ NullCommand(CommandDest dest)
 		case DestRemoteSimple:
 
 			/* Tell the FE that we saw an empty query string */
-			pq_putemptymessage('I');
+			pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgEmptyQueryResponse);
 			break;
 
 		case DestNone:
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ ReadyForQuery(CommandDest dest)
 			{
 				StringInfoData buf;
 
-				pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'Z');
+				pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgReadyForQueryResponse);
 				pq_sendbyte(&buf, TransactionBlockStatusCode());
 				pq_endmessage(&buf);
 			}
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/fastpath.c b/src/backend/tcop/fastpath.c
index 2f70ebd5fa..51d5957b7b 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/fastpath.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/fastpath.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "tcop/fastpath.h"
 #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
 #include "utils/acl.h"
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ SendFunctionResult(Datum retval, bool isnull, Oid rettype, int16 format)
 {
 	StringInfoData buf;
 
-	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'V');
+	pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgFunctionCallResponse);
 
 	if (isnull)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
index 36cc99ec9c..849e51f4d1 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include "postmaster/autovacuum.h"
 #include "postmaster/interrupt.h"
 #include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "replication/logicallauncher.h"
 #include "replication/logicalworker.h"
 #include "replication/slot.h"
@@ -402,37 +403,37 @@ SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
 	 */
 	switch (qtype)
 	{
-		case 'Q':				/* simple query */
+		case PqMsgSimpleQueryRequest:
 			maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 			doing_extended_query_message = false;
 			break;
 
-		case 'F':				/* fastpath function call */
+		case PqMsgFunctionCallRequest:
 			maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 			doing_extended_query_message = false;
 			break;
 
-		case 'X':				/* terminate */
+		case PqMsgTerminateRequest:
 			maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 			doing_extended_query_message = false;
 			ignore_till_sync = false;
 			break;
 
-		case 'B':				/* bind */
-		case 'P':				/* parse */
+		case PqMsgBindRequest :
+		case PqMsgParseRequest:
 			maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 			doing_extended_query_message = true;
 			break;
 
-		case 'C':				/* close */
-		case 'D':				/* describe */
-		case 'E':				/* execute */
-		case 'H':				/* flush */
+		case PqMsgCloseRequest:
+		case PqMsgDescribeRequest:
+		case PqMsgExecuteRequest:
+		case PqMsgFlushDataRequest:
 			maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 			doing_extended_query_message = true;
 			break;
 
-		case 'S':				/* sync */
+		case PqMsgSyncDataRequest:
 			maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 			/* stop any active skip-till-Sync */
 			ignore_till_sync = false;
@@ -440,13 +441,13 @@ SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
 			doing_extended_query_message = false;
 			break;
 
-		case 'd':				/* copy data */
+		case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:
 			maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 			doing_extended_query_message = false;
 			break;
 
-		case 'c':				/* copy done */
-		case 'f':				/* copy fail */
+		case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
+		case PqMsgCopyFailRequest:
 			maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
 			doing_extended_query_message = false;
 			break;
@@ -1589,7 +1590,7 @@ exec_parse_message(const char *query_string,	/* string to execute */
 	 * Send ParseComplete.
 	 */
 	if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
-		pq_putemptymessage('1');
+		pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgParseCompleteResponse);
 
 	/*
 	 * Emit duration logging if appropriate.
@@ -2047,7 +2048,7 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 	 * Send BindComplete.
 	 */
 	if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
-		pq_putemptymessage('2');
+		pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgBindCompleteResponse);
 
 	/*
 	 * Emit duration logging if appropriate.
@@ -2290,7 +2291,7 @@ exec_execute_message(const char *portal_name, long max_rows)
 	{
 		/* Portal run not complete, so send PortalSuspended */
 		if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
-			pq_putemptymessage('s');
+			pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgPortalSuspendedResponse);
 
 		/*
 		 * Set XACT_FLAGS_PIPELINING whenever we suspend an Execute message,
@@ -2683,7 +2684,7 @@ exec_describe_statement_message(const char *stmt_name)
 								  NULL);
 	}
 	else
-		pq_putemptymessage('n');	/* NoData */
+		pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgNoDataResponse);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2736,7 +2737,7 @@ exec_describe_portal_message(const char *portal_name)
 								  FetchPortalTargetList(portal),
 								  portal->formats);
 	else
-		pq_putemptymessage('n');	/* NoData */
+		pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgNoDataResponse);
 }
 
 
@@ -4239,7 +4240,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 	{
 		StringInfoData buf;
 
-		pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'K');
+		pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsgBackendKeyDataRequest);
 		pq_sendint32(&buf, (int32) MyProcPid);
 		pq_sendint32(&buf, (int32) MyCancelKey);
 		pq_endmessage(&buf);
@@ -4618,7 +4619,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 
 		switch (firstchar)
 		{
-			case 'Q':			/* simple query */
+			case PqMsgSimpleQueryRequest:
 				{
 					const char *query_string;
 
@@ -4642,7 +4643,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 				}
 				break;
 
-			case 'P':			/* parse */
+			case PqMsgParseRequest:
 				{
 					const char *stmt_name;
 					const char *query_string;
@@ -4672,7 +4673,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 				}
 				break;
 
-			case 'B':			/* bind */
+			case PqMsgBindRequest:
 				forbidden_in_wal_sender(firstchar);
 
 				/* Set statement_timestamp() */
@@ -4687,7 +4688,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 				/* exec_bind_message does valgrind_report_error_query */
 				break;
 
-			case 'E':			/* execute */
+			case PqMsgExecuteRequest:
 				{
 					const char *portal_name;
 					int			max_rows;
@@ -4707,7 +4708,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 				}
 				break;
 
-			case 'F':			/* fastpath function call */
+			case PqMsgFunctionCallRequest:
 				forbidden_in_wal_sender(firstchar);
 
 				/* Set statement_timestamp() */
@@ -4742,7 +4743,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 				send_ready_for_query = true;
 				break;
 
-			case 'C':			/* close */
+			case PqMsgCloseRequest:
 				{
 					int			close_type;
 					const char *close_target;
@@ -4755,7 +4756,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 
 					switch (close_type)
 					{
-						case 'S':
+						case PqMsgPreparedSubCommand:
 							if (close_target[0] != '\0')
 								DropPreparedStatement(close_target, false);
 							else
@@ -4764,7 +4765,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 								drop_unnamed_stmt();
 							}
 							break;
-						case 'P':
+						case PqMsgPortalSubCommand:
 							{
 								Portal		portal;
 
@@ -4782,13 +4783,13 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 					}
 
 					if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
-						pq_putemptymessage('3');	/* CloseComplete */
+						pq_putemptymessage(PqMsgCloseCompleteResponse);
 
 					valgrind_report_error_query("CLOSE message");
 				}
 				break;
 
-			case 'D':			/* describe */
+			case PqMsgDescribeRequest:
 				{
 					int			describe_type;
 					const char *describe_target;
@@ -4804,10 +4805,10 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 
 					switch (describe_type)
 					{
-						case 'S':
+						case PqMsgPreparedSubCommand:
 							exec_describe_statement_message(describe_target);
 							break;
-						case 'P':
+						case PqMsgPortalSubCommand:
 							exec_describe_portal_message(describe_target);
 							break;
 						default:
@@ -4822,13 +4823,13 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 				}
 				break;
 
-			case 'H':			/* flush */
+			case PqMsgFlushDataRequest:
 				pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
 				if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
 					pq_flush();
 				break;
 
-			case 'S':			/* sync */
+			case PqMsgSyncDataRequest:
 				pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
 				finish_xact_command();
 				valgrind_report_error_query("SYNC message");
@@ -4847,7 +4848,7 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 
 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
 
-			case 'X':
+			case PqMsgTerminateRequest:
 
 				/*
 				 * Reset whereToSendOutput to prevent ereport from attempting
@@ -4865,9 +4866,9 @@ PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 				 */
 				proc_exit(0);
 
-			case 'd':			/* copy data */
-			case 'c':			/* copy done */
-			case 'f':			/* copy fail */
+			case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:
+			case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
+			case PqMsgCopyFailRequest:
 
 				/*
 				 * Accept but ignore these messages, per protocol spec; we
@@ -4897,7 +4898,7 @@ forbidden_in_wal_sender(char firstchar)
 {
 	if (am_walsender)
 	{
-		if (firstchar == 'F')
+		if (firstchar == PqMsgFunctionCallRequest)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
 					 errmsg("fastpath function calls not supported in a replication connection")));
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/backend_progress.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/backend_progress.c
index 67447ef03a..1059677857 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/backend_progress.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/backend_progress.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "access/parallel.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "port/atomics.h"		/* for memory barriers */
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ pgstat_progress_parallel_incr_param(int index, int64 incr)
 
 		initStringInfo(&progress_message);
 
-		pq_beginmessage(&progress_message, 'P');
+		pq_beginmessage(&progress_message, PqMsgParallelProgressResponse);
 		pq_sendint32(&progress_message, index);
 		pq_sendint64(&progress_message, incr);
 		pq_endmessage(&progress_message);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c b/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c
index 5898100acb..7c1dc4e69b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 #include "postmaster/bgworker.h"
 #include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
 #include "postmaster/syslogger.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/proc.h"
 #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
@@ -3465,7 +3466,7 @@ send_message_to_frontend(ErrorData *edata)
 		char		tbuf[12];
 
 		/* 'N' (Notice) is for nonfatal conditions, 'E' is for errors */
-		pq_beginmessage(&msgbuf, (edata->elevel < ERROR) ? 'N' : 'E');
+		pq_beginmessage(&msgbuf, (edata->elevel < ERROR) ? PqMsgNoticeResponse : PqMsgErrorResponse);
 
 		sev = error_severity(edata->elevel);
 		pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_SEVERITY);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
index 5308896c87..55b9b8bbed 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "parser/scansup.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
 #include "storage/lwlock.h"
 #include "storage/shmem.h"
@@ -2593,7 +2594,7 @@ ReportGUCOption(struct config_generic *record)
 	{
 		StringInfoData msgbuf;
 
-		pq_beginmessage(&msgbuf, 'S');
+		pq_beginmessage(&msgbuf, PqMsgParameterStatusResponse);
 		pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, record->name);
 		pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, val);
 		pq_endmessage(&msgbuf);
diff --git a/src/include/protocol.h b/src/include/protocol.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b26f6a04f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/protocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * protocol.h
+ *	  Exports from postmaster/postmaster.c.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * src/include/protocol.h
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#ifndef _PROTOCOL_H
+#define _PROTOCOL_H
+
+#define PqMsgBindRequest            'B'
+#define PqMsgCloseRequest           'C'
+#define PqMsgDescribeRequest        'D'
+#define PqMsgExecuteRequest         'E'
+#define PqMsgFunctionCallRequest    'F'
+#define PqMsgFlushDataRequest       'H'
+#define PqMsgBackendKeyDataRequest  'K'
+#define PqMsgParseRequest           'P'
+#define PqMsgAuthenticationRequest  'R'
+#define PqMsgSyncDataRequest        'S'
+#define PqMsgSimpleQueryRequest     'Q'
+#define PqMsgTerminateRequest       'X'
+#define PqMsgCopyFailRequest        'f'
+#define PqMsgCopyDoneRequest        'c'
+#define PqMsgCopyDataRequest        'd'
+#define PqMsgCopyProgressRequest    'p'
+#define PqMsgPreparedSubCommand     'S'
+#define PqMsgPortalSubCommand       'P'
+
+
+/*
+Responses
+*/
+#define PqMsgParseCompleteResponse    '1'
+#define PqMsgBindCompleteResponse     '2'
+#define PqMsgCloseCompleteResponse    '3'
+#define PqMsgNotifyResponse           'A'
+#define PqMsgCommandCompleteResponse  'C'
+#define PqMsgDataRowResponse          'D'
+#define PqMsgErrorResponse            'E'
+#define PqMsgCopyInResponse           'G'
+#define PqMsgCopyOutResponse          'H'
+#define PqMsgEmptyQueryResponse       'I'
+#define PqMsgNoticeResponse           'N'
+#define PqMsgParallelProgressResponse 'P'
+#define PqMsgFunctionCallResponse     'V'
+#define PqMsgParameterStatusResponse  'S'
+#define PqMsgRowDescriptionResponse   'T'
+#define PqMsgCopyBothResponse         'W'
+#define PqMsgReadyForQueryResponse    'Z'
+#define PqMsgNoDataResponse           'n'
+#define PqMsgPasswordResponse         'p'
+#define PqMsgPortalSuspendedResponse  's'
+#define PqMsgParameterDescriptionResponse 't'
+#define PqMsgNegotiateProtocolResponse    'v'
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-auth.c b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-auth.c
index 887ca5e9e1..0ee48112cb 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-auth.c
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-auth.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "fe-auth.h"
 #include "fe-auth-sasl.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_GSS
 /*
@@ -586,7 +587,7 @@ pg_SASL_init(PGconn *conn, int payloadlen)
 	/*
 	 * Build a SASLInitialResponse message, and send it.
 	 */
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('p', conn))
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgPasswordResponse, conn))
 		goto error;
 	if (pqPuts(selected_mechanism, conn))
 		goto error;
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c
index 837c5321aa..b2a90adea4 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "pg_config_paths.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 #include "win32.h"
@@ -3591,7 +3592,7 @@ keep_going:						/* We will come back to here until there is
 				 * Anything else probably means it's not Postgres on the other
 				 * end at all.
 				 */
-				if (!(beresp == 'R' || beresp == 'v' || beresp == 'E'))
+				if (!(beresp == PqMsgAuthenticationRequest || beresp == PqMsgNegotiateProtocolResponse || beresp == PqMsgErrorResponse))
 				{
 					libpq_append_conn_error(conn, "expected authentication request from server, but received %c",
 											beresp);
@@ -3618,19 +3619,19 @@ keep_going:						/* We will come back to here until there is
 				 * version 14, the server also used the old protocol for
 				 * errors that happened before processing the startup packet.)
 				 */
-				if (beresp == 'R' && (msgLength < 8 || msgLength > 2000))
+				if (beresp == PqMsgAuthenticationRequest && (msgLength < 8 || msgLength > 2000))
 				{
 					libpq_append_conn_error(conn, "received invalid authentication request");
 					goto error_return;
 				}
-				if (beresp == 'v' && (msgLength < 8 || msgLength > 2000))
+				if (beresp == PqMsgNegotiateProtocolResponse && (msgLength < 8 || msgLength > 2000))
 				{
 					libpq_append_conn_error(conn, "received invalid protocol negotiation message");
 					goto error_return;
 				}
 
 #define MAX_ERRLEN 30000
-				if (beresp == 'E' && (msgLength < 8 || msgLength > MAX_ERRLEN))
+				if (beresp == PqMsgErrorResponse && (msgLength < 8 || msgLength > MAX_ERRLEN))
 				{
 					/* Handle error from a pre-3.0 server */
 					conn->inCursor = conn->inStart + 1; /* reread data */
@@ -3693,7 +3694,7 @@ keep_going:						/* We will come back to here until there is
 				}
 
 				/* Handle errors. */
-				if (beresp == 'E')
+				if (beresp == PqMsgErrorResponse)
 				{
 					if (pqGetErrorNotice3(conn, true))
 					{
@@ -3770,7 +3771,7 @@ keep_going:						/* We will come back to here until there is
 
 					goto error_return;
 				}
-				else if (beresp == 'v')
+				else if (beresp == PqMsgNegotiateProtocolResponse)
 				{
 					if (pqGetNegotiateProtocolVersion3(conn))
 					{
@@ -4540,7 +4541,7 @@ sendTerminateConn(PGconn *conn)
 		 * Try to send "close connection" message to backend. Ignore any
 		 * error.
 		 */
-		pqPutMsgStart('X', conn);
+		pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgTerminateRequest, conn);
 		pqPutMsgEnd(conn);
 		(void) pqFlush(conn);
 	}
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c
index a868284ff8..67ed8e3682 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "libpq-int.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 
 /* keep this in same order as ExecStatusType in libpq-fe.h */
 char	   *const pgresStatus[] = {
@@ -1458,7 +1459,7 @@ PQsendQueryInternal(PGconn *conn, const char *query, bool newQuery)
 
 	/* Send the query message(s) */
 	/* construct the outgoing Query message */
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('Q', conn) < 0 ||
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgSimpleQueryRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPuts(query, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 	{
@@ -1571,7 +1572,7 @@ PQsendPrepare(PGconn *conn,
 		return 0;				/* error msg already set */
 
 	/* construct the Parse message */
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('P', conn) < 0 ||
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgParseRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPuts(stmtName, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPuts(query, conn) < 0)
 		goto sendFailed;
@@ -1599,7 +1600,7 @@ PQsendPrepare(PGconn *conn,
 	/* Add a Sync, unless in pipeline mode. */
 	if (conn->pipelineStatus == PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
 	{
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('S', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgSyncDataRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 			goto sendFailed;
 	}
@@ -1784,7 +1785,7 @@ PQsendQueryGuts(PGconn *conn,
 	if (command)
 	{
 		/* construct the Parse message */
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('P', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgParseRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPuts(stmtName, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPuts(command, conn) < 0)
 			goto sendFailed;
@@ -1808,7 +1809,7 @@ PQsendQueryGuts(PGconn *conn,
 	}
 
 	/* Construct the Bind message */
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('B', conn) < 0 ||
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgBindRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPuts("", conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPuts(stmtName, conn) < 0)
 		goto sendFailed;
@@ -1874,14 +1875,14 @@ PQsendQueryGuts(PGconn *conn,
 		goto sendFailed;
 
 	/* construct the Describe Portal message */
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('D', conn) < 0 ||
-		pqPutc('P', conn) < 0 ||
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgDescribeRequest, conn) < 0 ||
+		pqPutc(PqMsgPortalSubCommand, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPuts("", conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 		goto sendFailed;
 
 	/* construct the Execute message */
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('E', conn) < 0 ||
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgExecuteRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPuts("", conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPutInt(0, 4, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
@@ -1890,7 +1891,7 @@ PQsendQueryGuts(PGconn *conn,
 	/* construct the Sync message if not in pipeline mode */
 	if (conn->pipelineStatus == PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
 	{
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('S', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgSyncDataRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 			goto sendFailed;
 	}
@@ -2422,7 +2423,7 @@ PQdescribePrepared(PGconn *conn, const char *stmt)
 {
 	if (!PQexecStart(conn))
 		return NULL;
-	if (!PQsendTypedCommand(conn, 'D', 'S', stmt))
+	if (!PQsendTypedCommand(conn, PqMsgDescribeRequest, PqMsgPreparedSubCommand, stmt))
 		return NULL;
 	return PQexecFinish(conn);
 }
@@ -2441,7 +2442,7 @@ PQdescribePortal(PGconn *conn, const char *portal)
 {
 	if (!PQexecStart(conn))
 		return NULL;
-	if (!PQsendTypedCommand(conn, 'D', 'P', portal))
+	if (!PQsendTypedCommand(conn, PqMsgDescribeRequest, PqMsgPortalSubCommand, portal))
 		return NULL;
 	return PQexecFinish(conn);
 }
@@ -2456,7 +2457,7 @@ PQdescribePortal(PGconn *conn, const char *portal)
 int
 PQsendDescribePrepared(PGconn *conn, const char *stmt)
 {
-	return PQsendTypedCommand(conn, 'D', 'S', stmt);
+	return PQsendTypedCommand(conn, PqMsgDescribeRequest, PqMsgPreparedSubCommand, stmt);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2469,7 +2470,7 @@ PQsendDescribePrepared(PGconn *conn, const char *stmt)
 int
 PQsendDescribePortal(PGconn *conn, const char *portal)
 {
-	return PQsendTypedCommand(conn, 'D', 'P', portal);
+	return PQsendTypedCommand(conn, PqMsgDescribeRequest, PqMsgPortalSubCommand, portal);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2488,7 +2489,7 @@ PQclosePrepared(PGconn *conn, const char *stmt)
 {
 	if (!PQexecStart(conn))
 		return NULL;
-	if (!PQsendTypedCommand(conn, 'C', 'S', stmt))
+	if (!PQsendTypedCommand(conn, PqMsgCloseRequest, PqMsgPreparedSubCommand, stmt))
 		return NULL;
 	return PQexecFinish(conn);
 }
@@ -2506,7 +2507,7 @@ PQclosePortal(PGconn *conn, const char *portal)
 {
 	if (!PQexecStart(conn))
 		return NULL;
-	if (!PQsendTypedCommand(conn, 'C', 'P', portal))
+	if (!PQsendTypedCommand(conn, PqMsgCloseRequest, PqMsgPortalSubCommand, portal))
 		return NULL;
 	return PQexecFinish(conn);
 }
@@ -2521,7 +2522,7 @@ PQclosePortal(PGconn *conn, const char *portal)
 int
 PQsendClosePrepared(PGconn *conn, const char *stmt)
 {
-	return PQsendTypedCommand(conn, 'C', 'S', stmt);
+	return PQsendTypedCommand(conn, PqMsgCloseRequest, PqMsgPreparedSubCommand, stmt);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2534,7 +2535,7 @@ PQsendClosePrepared(PGconn *conn, const char *stmt)
 int
 PQsendClosePortal(PGconn *conn, const char *portal)
 {
-	return PQsendTypedCommand(conn, 'C', 'P', portal);
+	return PQsendTypedCommand(conn, PqMsgCloseRequest, PqMsgPortalSubCommand, portal);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2577,17 +2578,17 @@ PQsendTypedCommand(PGconn *conn, char command, char type, const char *target)
 	/* construct the Sync message */
 	if (conn->pipelineStatus == PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
 	{
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('S', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgSyncDataRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 			goto sendFailed;
 	}
 
 	/* remember if we are doing a Close or a Describe */
-	if (command == 'C')
+	if (command == PqMsgCloseRequest)
 	{
 		entry->queryclass = PGQUERY_CLOSE;
 	}
-	else if (command == 'D')
+	else if (command == PqMsgDescribeRequest)
 	{
 		entry->queryclass = PGQUERY_DESCRIBE;
 	}
@@ -2696,7 +2697,7 @@ PQputCopyData(PGconn *conn, const char *buffer, int nbytes)
 				return pqIsnonblocking(conn) ? 0 : -1;
 		}
 		/* Send the data (too simple to delegate to fe-protocol files) */
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('d', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgCopyDataRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutnchar(buffer, nbytes, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 			return -1;
@@ -2731,7 +2732,7 @@ PQputCopyEnd(PGconn *conn, const char *errormsg)
 	if (errormsg)
 	{
 		/* Send COPY FAIL */
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('f', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgCopyFailRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPuts(errormsg, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 			return -1;
@@ -2739,7 +2740,7 @@ PQputCopyEnd(PGconn *conn, const char *errormsg)
 	else
 	{
 		/* Send COPY DONE */
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('c', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgCopyDoneRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
@@ -2751,7 +2752,7 @@ PQputCopyEnd(PGconn *conn, const char *errormsg)
 	if (conn->cmd_queue_head &&
 		conn->cmd_queue_head->queryclass != PGQUERY_SIMPLE)
 	{
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('S', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgSyncDataRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
@@ -3263,7 +3264,7 @@ PQpipelineSync(PGconn *conn)
 	entry->query = NULL;
 
 	/* construct the Sync message */
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('S', conn) < 0 ||
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgSyncDataRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 		goto sendFailed;
 
@@ -3311,7 +3312,7 @@ PQsendFlushRequest(PGconn *conn)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('H', conn) < 0 ||
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgFlushDataRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 		pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 	{
 		return 0;
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-protocol3.c b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-protocol3.c
index 7bc6355d17..c7c1b079ac 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-protocol3.c
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-protocol3.c
@@ -28,14 +28,16 @@
 #include "libpq-int.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 
 /*
  * This macro lists the backend message types that could be "long" (more
  * than a couple of kilobytes).
  */
 #define VALID_LONG_MESSAGE_TYPE(id) \
-	((id) == 'T' || (id) == 'D' || (id) == 'd' || (id) == 'V' || \
-	 (id) == 'E' || (id) == 'N' || (id) == 'A')
+	((id) == PqMsgRowDescriptionResponse || (id) == PqMsgDataRowResponse || (id) == PqMsgCopyDataRequest || \
+	 (id) == PqMsgFunctionCallResponse ||  (id) == PqMsgErrorResponse || (id) == PqMsgNoticeResponse || \
+	 (id) == PqMsgNotifyResponse)
 
 
 static void handleSyncLoss(PGconn *conn, char id, int msgLength);
@@ -140,12 +142,12 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 		 * from config file due to SIGHUP), but otherwise we hold off until
 		 * BUSY state.
 		 */
-		if (id == 'A')
+		if (id == PqMsgNotifyResponse)
 		{
 			if (getNotify(conn))
 				return;
 		}
-		else if (id == 'N')
+		else if (id == PqMsgNoticeResponse)
 		{
 			if (pqGetErrorNotice3(conn, false))
 				return;
@@ -165,12 +167,12 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 			 * it is about to close the connection, so we don't want to just
 			 * discard it...)
 			 */
-			if (id == 'E')
+			if (id == PqMsgErrorResponse)
 			{
 				if (pqGetErrorNotice3(conn, false /* treat as notice */ ))
 					return;
 			}
-			else if (id == 'S')
+			else if (id == PqMsgParameterStatusResponse)
 			{
 				if (getParameterStatus(conn))
 					return;
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 			 */
 			switch (id)
 			{
-				case 'C':		/* command complete */
+				case PqMsgCommandCompleteResponse:
 					if (pqGets(&conn->workBuffer, conn))
 						return;
 					if (!pgHavePendingResult(conn))
@@ -210,12 +212,12 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 								CMDSTATUS_LEN);
 					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_READY;
 					break;
-				case 'E':		/* error return */
+				case PqMsgErrorResponse:
 					if (pqGetErrorNotice3(conn, true))
 						return;
 					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_READY;
 					break;
-				case 'Z':		/* sync response, backend is ready for new
+				case PqMsgReadyForQueryResponse:		/* sync response, backend is ready for new
 								 * query */
 					if (getReadyForQuery(conn))
 						return;
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 						conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_IDLE;
 					}
 					break;
-				case 'I':		/* empty query */
+				case PqMsgEmptyQueryResponse:
 					if (!pgHavePendingResult(conn))
 					{
 						conn->result = PQmakeEmptyPGresult(conn,
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 					}
 					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_READY;
 					break;
-				case '1':		/* Parse Complete */
+				case PqMsgParseCompleteResponse:
 					/* If we're doing PQprepare, we're done; else ignore */
 					if (conn->cmd_queue_head &&
 						conn->cmd_queue_head->queryclass == PGQUERY_PREPARE)
@@ -277,10 +279,10 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 						conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_READY;
 					}
 					break;
-				case '2':		/* Bind Complete */
+				case PqMsgBindCompleteResponse:
 					/* Nothing to do for this message type */
 					break;
-				case '3':		/* Close Complete */
+				case PqMsgCloseCompleteResponse:
 					/* If we're doing PQsendClose, we're done; else ignore */
 					if (conn->cmd_queue_head &&
 						conn->cmd_queue_head->queryclass == PGQUERY_CLOSE)
@@ -298,11 +300,11 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 						conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_READY;
 					}
 					break;
-				case 'S':		/* parameter status */
+				case PqMsgParameterStatusResponse:
 					if (getParameterStatus(conn))
 						return;
 					break;
-				case 'K':		/* secret key data from the backend */
+				case PqMsgBackendKeyDataRequest:		/* secret key data from the backend */
 
 					/*
 					 * This is expected only during backend startup, but it's
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 					if (pqGetInt(&(conn->be_key), 4, conn))
 						return;
 					break;
-				case 'T':		/* Row Description */
+				case PqMsgRowDescriptionResponse:
 					if (conn->error_result ||
 						(conn->result != NULL &&
 						 conn->result->resultStatus == PGRES_FATAL_ERROR))
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 						return;
 					}
 					break;
-				case 'n':		/* No Data */
+				case PqMsgNoDataResponse:
 
 					/*
 					 * NoData indicates that we will not be seeing a
@@ -374,11 +376,11 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 						conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_READY;
 					}
 					break;
-				case 't':		/* Parameter Description */
+				case PqMsgParameterDescriptionResponse:
 					if (getParamDescriptions(conn, msgLength))
 						return;
 					break;
-				case 'D':		/* Data Row */
+				case PqMsgDataRowResponse:
 					if (conn->result != NULL &&
 						conn->result->resultStatus == PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
 					{
@@ -405,24 +407,24 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 						conn->inCursor += msgLength;
 					}
 					break;
-				case 'G':		/* Start Copy In */
+				case PqMsgCopyInResponse:
 					if (getCopyStart(conn, PGRES_COPY_IN))
 						return;
 					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_COPY_IN;
 					break;
-				case 'H':		/* Start Copy Out */
+				case PqMsgCopyOutResponse:
 					if (getCopyStart(conn, PGRES_COPY_OUT))
 						return;
 					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_COPY_OUT;
 					conn->copy_already_done = 0;
 					break;
-				case 'W':		/* Start Copy Both */
+				case PqMsgCopyBothResponse:
 					if (getCopyStart(conn, PGRES_COPY_BOTH))
 						return;
 					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_COPY_BOTH;
 					conn->copy_already_done = 0;
 					break;
-				case 'd':		/* Copy Data */
+				case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:
 
 					/*
 					 * If we see Copy Data, just silently drop it.  This would
@@ -431,7 +433,7 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 					 */
 					conn->inCursor += msgLength;
 					break;
-				case 'c':		/* Copy Done */
+				case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
 
 					/*
 					 * If we see Copy Done, just silently drop it.  This is
@@ -1692,21 +1694,21 @@ getCopyDataMessage(PGconn *conn)
 		 */
 		switch (id)
 		{
-			case 'A':			/* NOTIFY */
+			case PqMsgNotifyResponse:
 				if (getNotify(conn))
 					return 0;
 				break;
-			case 'N':			/* NOTICE */
+			case PqMsgNoticeResponse:
 				if (pqGetErrorNotice3(conn, false))
 					return 0;
 				break;
-			case 'S':			/* ParameterStatus */
+			case PqMsgParameterStatusResponse:
 				if (getParameterStatus(conn))
 					return 0;
 				break;
-			case 'd':			/* Copy Data, pass it back to caller */
+			case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:			/* Copy Data, pass it back to caller */
 				return msgLength;
-			case 'c':
+			case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
 
 				/*
 				 * If this is a CopyDone message, exit COPY_OUT mode and let
@@ -1929,7 +1931,7 @@ pqEndcopy3(PGconn *conn)
 	if (conn->asyncStatus == PGASYNC_COPY_IN ||
 		conn->asyncStatus == PGASYNC_COPY_BOTH)
 	{
-		if (pqPutMsgStart('c', conn) < 0 ||
+		if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgCopyDoneRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 			pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 			return 1;
 
@@ -1940,7 +1942,7 @@ pqEndcopy3(PGconn *conn)
 		if (conn->cmd_queue_head &&
 			conn->cmd_queue_head->queryclass != PGQUERY_SIMPLE)
 		{
-			if (pqPutMsgStart('S', conn) < 0 ||
+			if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgSyncDataRequest, conn) < 0 ||
 				pqPutMsgEnd(conn) < 0)
 				return 1;
 		}
@@ -2023,7 +2025,7 @@ pqFunctionCall3(PGconn *conn, Oid fnid,
 
 	/* PQfn already validated connection state */
 
-	if (pqPutMsgStart('F', conn) < 0 || /* function call msg */
+	if (pqPutMsgStart(PqMsgFunctionCallRequest, conn) < 0 || /* function call msg */
 		pqPutInt(fnid, 4, conn) < 0 ||	/* function id */
 		pqPutInt(1, 2, conn) < 0 || /* # of format codes */
 		pqPutInt(1, 2, conn) < 0 || /* format code: BINARY */
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-trace.c b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-trace.c
index 402784f40e..8414418a5c 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-trace.c
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-trace.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "libpq-int.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
+#include "protocol.h"
 
 
 /* Enable tracing */
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ pqTraceOutputNchar(FILE *pfdebug, int len, const char *data, int *cursor)
  * Output functions by protocol message type
  */
 
-/* NotificationResponse */
+/* PqMsgNotifyResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputA(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 {
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ pqTraceOutputA(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 	pqTraceOutputString(f, message, cursor, false);
 }
 
-/* Bind */
+/* PqMsgBindRequest */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputB(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ pqTraceOutputB(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 		pqTraceOutputInt16(f, message, cursor);
 }
 
-/* Close(F) or CommandComplete(B) */
+/* PqMsgCloseRequest or PqMsgCommandCompleteResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputC(FILE *f, bool toServer, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ pqTraceOutputC(FILE *f, bool toServer, const char *message, int *cursor)
 	}
 }
 
-/* Describe(F) or DataRow(B) */
+/* PqMsgDescribeRequest or PqMsgDataRowResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputD(FILE *f, bool toServer, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ pqTraceOutputNR(FILE *f, const char *type, const char *message, int *cursor,
 	}
 }
 
-/* Execute(F) or ErrorResponse(B) */
+/* PqMsgExecuteRequest or PqMsgErrorResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputE(FILE *f, bool toServer, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 {
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ pqTraceOutputE(FILE *f, bool toServer, const char *message, int *cursor, bool re
 		pqTraceOutputNR(f, "ErrorResponse", message, cursor, regress);
 }
 
-/* CopyFail */
+/* PqMsgCopyFailRequest */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputf(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -344,7 +345,7 @@ pqTraceOutputf(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 	pqTraceOutputString(f, message, cursor, false);
 }
 
-/* FunctionCall */
+/* PqMsgFunctionCallRequest */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputF(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 {
@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ pqTraceOutputF(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 	pqTraceOutputInt16(f, message, cursor);
 }
 
-/* CopyInResponse */
+/* PqMsgCopyInResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputG(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@ pqTraceOutputG(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 		pqTraceOutputInt16(f, message, cursor);
 }
 
-/* CopyOutResponse */
+/* PqMsgCopyOutResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputH(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -399,7 +400,7 @@ pqTraceOutputH(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 		pqTraceOutputInt16(f, message, cursor);
 }
 
-/* BackendKeyData */
+/* PqMsgBackendKeyDataRequest */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputK(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 {
@@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ pqTraceOutputK(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 	pqTraceOutputInt32(f, message, cursor, regress);
 }
 
-/* Parse */
+/* PqMsgParseRequest */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputP(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 {
@@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ pqTraceOutputP(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 		pqTraceOutputInt32(f, message, cursor, regress);
 }
 
-/* Query */
+/* PqMsgSimpleQueryRequest */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputQ(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -431,7 +432,7 @@ pqTraceOutputQ(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 	pqTraceOutputString(f, message, cursor, false);
 }
 
-/* Authentication */
+/* PqMsgAuthenticationRequest */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputR(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -439,7 +440,7 @@ pqTraceOutputR(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 	pqTraceOutputInt32(f, message, cursor, false);
 }
 
-/* ParameterStatus */
+/* PqMsgParameterStatusResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputS(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -448,7 +449,7 @@ pqTraceOutputS(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 	pqTraceOutputString(f, message, cursor, false);
 }
 
-/* ParameterDescription */
+/* PqMsgParameterDescriptionResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputt(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 {
@@ -461,7 +462,7 @@ pqTraceOutputt(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 		pqTraceOutputInt32(f, message, cursor, regress);
 }
 
-/* RowDescription */
+/* PqMsgRowDescriptionResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputT(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 {
@@ -482,7 +483,7 @@ pqTraceOutputT(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, bool regress)
 	}
 }
 
-/* NegotiateProtocolVersion */
+/* PqMsgNegotiateProtocolResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputv(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -491,7 +492,7 @@ pqTraceOutputv(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 	pqTraceOutputInt32(f, message, cursor, false);
 }
 
-/* FunctionCallResponse */
+/* PqMsgFunctionCallResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputV(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -503,7 +504,7 @@ pqTraceOutputV(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 		pqTraceOutputNchar(f, len, message, cursor);
 }
 
-/* CopyBothResponse */
+/* PqMsgCopyBothResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputW(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, int length)
 {
@@ -514,7 +515,7 @@ pqTraceOutputW(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor, int length)
 		pqTraceOutputInt16(f, message, cursor);
 }
 
-/* ReadyForQuery */
+/* PqMsgReadyForQueryResponse */
 static void
 pqTraceOutputZ(FILE *f, const char *message, int *cursor)
 {
@@ -562,110 +563,110 @@ pqTraceOutputMessage(PGconn *conn, const char *message, bool toServer)
 
 	switch (id)
 	{
-		case '1':
+		case PqMsgParseCompleteResponse:
 			fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "ParseComplete");
 			/* No message content */
 			break;
-		case '2':
+		case PqMsgBindCompleteResponse:
 			fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "BindComplete");
 			/* No message content */
 			break;
-		case '3':
+		case PqMsgCloseCompleteResponse:
 			fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "CloseComplete");
 			/* No message content */
 			break;
-		case 'A':				/* Notification Response */
+		case PqMsgNotifyResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputA(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor, regress);
 			break;
-		case 'B':				/* Bind */
+		case PqMsgBindRequest:
 			pqTraceOutputB(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 'c':
+		case PqMsgCopyDoneRequest:
 			fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "CopyDone");
 			/* No message content */
 			break;
-		case 'C':				/* Close(F) or Command Complete(B) */
+		case PqMsgCommandCompleteResponse:				/* Close(F) or Command Complete(B) */
 			pqTraceOutputC(conn->Pfdebug, toServer, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 'd':				/* Copy Data */
+		case PqMsgCopyDataRequest:
 			/* Drop COPY data to reduce the overhead of logging. */
 			break;
-		case 'D':				/* Describe(F) or Data Row(B) */
+		case PqMsgDescribeRequest:		/* Describe(F) or Data Row(B) */
 			pqTraceOutputD(conn->Pfdebug, toServer, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 'E':				/* Execute(F) or Error Response(B) */
+		case PqMsgExecuteRequest:		/* Execute(F) or Error Response(B) */
 			pqTraceOutputE(conn->Pfdebug, toServer, message, &logCursor,
 						   regress);
 			break;
-		case 'f':				/* Copy Fail */
+		case PqMsgCopyFailRequest:
 			pqTraceOutputf(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 'F':				/* Function Call */
+		case PqMsgFunctionCallRequest:
 			pqTraceOutputF(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor, regress);
 			break;
-		case 'G':				/* Start Copy In */
+		case PqMsgCopyInResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputG(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 'H':				/* Flush(F) or Start Copy Out(B) */
+		case PqMsgFlushDataRequest:	/* Flush(F) or Start Copy Out(B) */
 			if (!toServer)
 				pqTraceOutputH(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			else
 				fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "Flush");	/* no message content */
 			break;
-		case 'I':
+		case PqMsgEmptyQueryResponse:
 			fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "EmptyQueryResponse");
 			/* No message content */
 			break;
-		case 'K':				/* secret key data from the backend */
+		case PqMsgBackendKeyDataRequest:		/* secret key data from the backend */
 			pqTraceOutputK(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor, regress);
 			break;
-		case 'n':
+		case PqMsgNoDataResponse:
 			fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "NoData");
 			/* No message content */
 			break;
-		case 'N':
+		case PqMsgNoticeResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputNR(conn->Pfdebug, "NoticeResponse", message,
 							&logCursor, regress);
 			break;
-		case 'P':				/* Parse */
+		case PqMsgParseRequest:
 			pqTraceOutputP(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor, regress);
 			break;
-		case 'Q':				/* Query */
+		case PqMsgSimpleQueryRequest:
 			pqTraceOutputQ(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 'R':				/* Authentication */
+		case PqMsgAuthenticationRequest:
 			pqTraceOutputR(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 's':
+		case PqMsgPortalSuspendedResponse:
 			fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "PortalSuspended");
 			/* No message content */
 			break;
-		case 'S':				/* Parameter Status(B) or Sync(F) */
+		case PqMsgSyncDataRequest:	/* Parameter Status(B) or Sync(F) */
 			if (!toServer)
 				pqTraceOutputS(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			else
 				fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "Sync"); /* no message content */
 			break;
-		case 't':				/* Parameter Description */
+		case PqMsgParameterDescriptionResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputt(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor, regress);
 			break;
-		case 'T':				/* Row Description */
+		case PqMsgRowDescriptionResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputT(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor, regress);
 			break;
-		case 'v':				/* Negotiate Protocol Version */
+		case PqMsgNegotiateProtocolResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputv(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 'V':				/* Function Call response */
+		case PqMsgFunctionCallResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputV(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
-		case 'W':				/* Start Copy Both */
+		case PqMsgCopyBothResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputW(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor, length);
 			break;
-		case 'X':
+		case PqMsgTerminateRequest:
 			fprintf(conn->Pfdebug, "Terminate");
 			/* No message content */
 			break;
-		case 'Z':				/* Ready For Query */
+		case PqMsgReadyForQueryResponse:
 			pqTraceOutputZ(conn->Pfdebug, message, &logCursor);
 			break;
 		default:
-- 
2.37.1 (Apple Git-137.1)

