Perhaps the following (NOT TESTED) kernel patch will show you how such error 
messages
could be added.

Note: requires trickling down the extack parameter, but that is a good thing 
because
other place like devconf could use it as well.

diff --git a/include/net/rtnetlink.h b/include/net/rtnetlink.h
index 4da61c950e93..479f60ef54c0 100644
--- a/include/net/rtnetlink.h
+++ b/include/net/rtnetlink.h
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ struct rtnl_af_ops {
        int                     (*validate_link_af)(const struct net_device 
*dev,
                                                    const struct nlattr *attr);
        int                     (*set_link_af)(struct net_device *dev,
-                                              const struct nlattr *attr);
-
+                                              const struct nlattr *attr,
+                                              struct netlink_ext_ack *extack);
        int                     (*fill_stats_af)(struct sk_buff *skb,
                                                 const struct net_device *dev);
        size_t                  (*get_stats_af_size)(const struct net_device 
*dev);
diff --git a/net/core/rtnetlink.c b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
index 1bdcb33fb561..3485b16a7ff3 100644
--- a/net/core/rtnetlink.c
+++ b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
@@ -2863,7 +2863,7 @@ static int do_setlink(const struct sk_buff *skb,
 
                        BUG_ON(!(af_ops = rtnl_af_lookup(nla_type(af))));
 
-                       err = af_ops->set_link_af(dev, af);
+                       err = af_ops->set_link_af(dev, af, extack);
                        if (err < 0) {
                                rcu_read_unlock();
                                goto errout;
diff --git a/net/ipv4/devinet.c b/net/ipv4/devinet.c
index 75f67994fc85..2e35f68da40a 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/devinet.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/devinet.c
@@ -1978,7 +1978,8 @@ static int inet_validate_link_af(const struct net_device 
*dev,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int inet_set_link_af(struct net_device *dev, const struct nlattr *nla)
+static int inet_set_link_af(struct net_device *dev, const struct nlattr *nla,
+                           struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
 {
        struct in_device *in_dev = __in_dev_get_rcu(dev);
        struct nlattr *a, *tb[IFLA_INET_MAX+1];
diff --git a/net/ipv6/addrconf.c b/net/ipv6/addrconf.c
index 120073ffb666..b817086fbf42 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/addrconf.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/addrconf.c
@@ -5672,7 +5672,8 @@ static int inet6_fill_link_af(struct sk_buff *skb, const 
struct net_device *dev,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int inet6_set_iftoken(struct inet6_dev *idev, struct in6_addr *token)
+static int inet6_set_iftoken(struct inet6_dev *idev, struct in6_addr *token,
+                            struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
 {
        struct inet6_ifaddr *ifp;
        struct net_device *dev = idev->dev;
@@ -5681,14 +5682,29 @@ static int inet6_set_iftoken(struct inet6_dev *idev, 
struct in6_addr *token)
 
        ASSERT_RTNL();
 
-       if (!token)
+       if (!token) {
                return -EINVAL;
-       if (dev->flags & (IFF_LOOPBACK | IFF_NOARP))
+       }
+
+       if (dev->flags & IFF_LOOPBACK) {
+               NL_SET_ERR_MSG_MOD(extack, "Device is loopback");
                return -EINVAL;
-       if (!ipv6_accept_ra(idev))
+       }
+
+       if (dev->flags & IFF_NOARP) {
+               NL_SET_ERR_MSG_MOD(extack, "Device does not do discovery");
                return -EINVAL;
-       if (idev->cnf.rtr_solicits == 0)
+       }
+
+       if (!ipv6_accept_ra(idev)) {
+               NL_SET_ERR_MSG_MOD(extack, "Device does accept route adverts");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       if (idev->cnf.rtr_solicits == 0) {
+               NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "Device has disabled router 
solicitation");
                return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
        write_lock_bh(&idev->lock);
 
@@ -5796,7 +5812,8 @@ static int inet6_validate_link_af(const struct net_device 
*dev,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int inet6_set_link_af(struct net_device *dev, const struct nlattr *nla)
+static int inet6_set_link_af(struct net_device *dev, const struct nlattr *nla,
+                            struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
 {
        struct inet6_dev *idev = __in6_dev_get(dev);
        struct nlattr *tb[IFLA_INET6_MAX + 1];
@@ -5809,7 +5826,8 @@ static int inet6_set_link_af(struct net_device *dev, 
const struct nlattr *nla)
                BUG();
 
        if (tb[IFLA_INET6_TOKEN]) {
-               err = inet6_set_iftoken(idev, nla_data(tb[IFLA_INET6_TOKEN]));
+               err = inet6_set_iftoken(idev, nla_data(tb[IFLA_INET6_TOKEN]),
+                                       extack);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        }

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