Hi all,

Recently there has been some discussion off-list about a possible
alternative to the eSub function in Mixmaster  I thought it would be a
good idea to open these discussions to a broader audience and hopefully
stimulate some useful discussion.

What is eSub:
-------------
eSub is an abbreviation for Encrypt Subject.  Its function is to produce a
seemingly random Subject header that acts to identify messages in a
shared mailbox to their owner without an observer being able to link
messages by ownership.  The eSub function produces a 192bit hex encoded
Subject header as follows:
  _______________________________________________________
 |               |                                       |
 |   random iv   |   encrypt(md5(subject),md5(key),iv)   |
 |    64 bits    |          128 bits                     |
 |_______________|_______________________________________|

Type-I is considered broken from an anonymity perspective but no
practical alternative currently exists for two-way pseudonymous Email.
A shared mailbox, (such as the Usenet group alt.anonymous.messages)
provides the best practical solution for current pseudonym account
holders.  Without eSub functionality these messages can be linked to a
common owner simply by comparing the plain-text Subject.

What's wrong with eSub?
-----------------------
eSub relies on the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA).  Due
to patent issues this cipher is usually not compiled into pre-built
packages, (such as OpenSSL) that Mixmaster and other applications
require to support eSub.  This leaves Mixmaster remailer operators with
the choice of not supporting eSub or compiling their own packages.  Not
to mention the issue of actually using the patented cipher.

eSub is also odd in that it uses encryption to produce a form of secure
Hash.  The encrypted subject is never decrypted, each one in a common
mailbox is simply compared against another eSub generated using the same
IV.  If the plain text Subject and key match, the generated eSub and the
one being compared will match.

Proposed alternative:
---------------------
As an alternate option to the existing eSub, we are considering hSub
(Hashed Subject).  The hSub is constructed as follows:
  _________________________________
 |           |                     |
 | random iv | SHA1 'iv + subject' |
 |  64bit    |       160bit        |
 |___________|_____________________|

This functions much like the eSub but without the need for a separate
Subject and key.  An example hSub generator and checker in Python can be
found here: http://www.bananasplit.info/nymgrind/news2maildir/hsub.py

Questions:
----------
Is SHA1 secure enough?
In this instance, SHA1 is fine.  If someone wanted to spend the time and
effort of generating a colliding hSub, the only result would be tricking
a nymuser into trying to decrypt a message that wasn't their own.

Hey, there's no secret key in hSub!  Where's the security in that?
In eSub, the Encrypt-Subject key serves little purpose as it's known to
the remailer performing the eSub, just like the Subject it is
encrypting.  Neither hSub nor eSub solve the problem that a node in
the Reply-Block is in possession of all the information required to link
messages to a specific owner.  There's little point in solving this when
the entire message arrives at the nymserver in plain-text anyway.

The length of hSub and eSub encoded subjects is different, does this
partition users?
Yes it does.  For this reason we're considering trimming the SHA1
element of the hSub to 128bits so it's indiscernible from an eSub.  The
other option is to live with the partitioning until such time as eSub
can be retired.

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