This is 6.6-current on an ALIX (dmesg below), serving as my home server.
It's where I store the daily.local dumps, into /backup on a big USB disk.
The machine often crashes into a ddb when saving those dumps.
I only have lame screenshots now (will plug a cereal in):

http://stare.cz/dmesg/alix1e.20191128-panic-trace.jpg
http://stare.cz/dmesg/alix1e.20191128-panic-ps1.jpg
http://stare.cz/dmesg/alix1e.20191128-panic-ps2.jpg
http://stare.cz/dmesg/alix1e.20191128-panic-ps3.jpg
http://stare.cz/dmesg/alix1e.20191128-panic-ps4.jpg
http://stare.cz/dmesg/alix1e.20191128-panic-uvm.jpg
http://stare.cz/dmesg/alix1e.20191128-panic-bcstats.jpg

It always happens during the nightly heavy writes.
The machine itself is dumping local fs's into /backup,
and a few other machines rsync their dumps into there.
All of that is run from daily.local (on each of the machines).

These crashes have become less frequent
since I disabled softdep on the fs.

$ cat /etc/fstab
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.a /               ffs rw                         1 1
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.d /usr            ffs rw,nodev,noatime           1 2
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.e /usr/local      ffs rw,nodev,noatime,wxallowed 1 2
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.f /var            ffs rw,nodev,noatime,nosuid    1 2
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.g /var/log        ffs rw,nodev,noatime,nosuid    1 2
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.h /var/www        ffs rw,nodev,noatime,nosuid    1 2
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.i /var/mail       ffs rw,nodev,noatime,nosuid    1 2
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.j /var/postgresql ffs rw,nodev,noatime,nosuid    1 2
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.k /tmp            ffs rw,nodev,noatime,nosuid    1 2
bf940e6c7aaf2c50.l /home           ffs rw,nodev,noatime,nosuid    1 2
31efc37173c4c30f.a /backup         ffs rw,nodev,noatime,nosuid

$ mount -v
/dev/wd0a (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.a) on / type ffs (rw, local, ctime=Wed Jan  8 
07:43:39 2020)
/dev/wd0d (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.d) on /usr type ffs (rw, local, noatime, nodev, 
ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/wd0e (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.e) on /usr/local type ffs (rw, local, noatime, 
nodev, wxallowed, ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/wd0f (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.f) on /var type ffs (rw, local, noatime, nodev, 
nosuid, ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/wd0g (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.g) on /var/log type ffs (rw, local, noatime, nodev, 
nosuid, ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/wd0h (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.h) on /var/www type ffs (rw, local, noatime, nodev, 
nosuid, ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/wd0i (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.i) on /var/mail type ffs (rw, local, noatime, 
nodev, nosuid, ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/wd0j (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.j) on /var/postgresql type ffs (rw, local, noatime, 
nodev, nosuid, ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/wd0k (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.k) on /tmp type ffs (rw, local, noatime, nodev, 
nosuid, ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/wd0l (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.l) on /home type ffs (rw, local, noatime, nodev, 
nosuid, ctime=Wed Jan  8 07:43:29 2020)
/dev/sd0a (31efc37173c4c30f.a) on /backup type ffs (rw, local, noatime, nodev, 
nosuid, ctime=Wed Jan  8 08:23:32 2020)

Is it the disk? I did a complete dd read and a complete dd write
before I put it to use, and it didn't show any problem. No signs
of failed io in messages either.

Is it the USB cable? I replaced it a couple of times.
Is it the USB interface on the ALIX?

Is it the small amount of memory? I tried using openrsync,
which would fail on malloc (it mmaps the files).
Could it be the rsync over ssh? (I will try to run just
local backup for some time, without rsyncing the others).

How can I debug this further?

        Jan


$ dmesg
OpenBSD 6.6-current (GENERIC) #404: Thu Nov 28 12:47:25 MST 2019
    [email protected]:/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/compile/GENERIC
real mem  = 259207168 (247MB)
avail mem = 238825472 (227MB)
mpath0 at root
scsibus0 at mpath0: 256 targets
mainbus0 at root
bios0 at mainbus0: date 07/19/10, BIOS32 rev. 0 @ 0xfa950
apm0 at bios0: Power Management spec V1.2 (slowidle)
pcibios0 at bios0: rev 2.1 @ 0xf0000/0xdfb4
pcibios0: PCI IRQ Routing Table rev 1.0 @ 0xfdf30/128 (6 entries)
pcibios0: PCI Exclusive IRQs: 5 10 11
pcibios0: no compatible PCI ICU found: ICU vendor 0x1022 product 0x2090
pcibios0: Warning, unable to fix up PCI interrupt routing
pcibios0: PCI bus #0 is the last bus
bios0: ROM list: 0xc0000/0x8000 0xc8000/0xa800 0xef000/0x1000!
cpu0 at mainbus0: (uniprocessor)
cpu0: Geode(TM) Integrated Processor by AMD PCS ("AuthenticAMD" 586-class) 499 
MHz, 05-0a-02
cpu0: FPU,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,CX8,SEP,PGE,CMOV,CFLUSH,MMX,MMXX,3DNOW2,3DNOW
mtrr: K6-family MTRR support (2 registers)
amdmsr0 at mainbus0
pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0: configuration mode 1 (bios)
pchb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 0 "AMD Geode LX" rev 0x33
vga1 at pci0 dev 1 function 1 "AMD Geode LX Video" rev 0x00
wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation)
wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation)
glxsb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 2 "AMD Geode LX Crypto" rev 0x00: RNG AES
vr0 at pci0 dev 13 function 0 "VIA VT6105M RhineIII" rev 0x96: irq 11, address 
00:0d:b9:0e:9e:f4
ukphy0 at vr0 phy 1: Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface, rev. 3: OUI 0x004063, 
model 0x0034
glxpcib0 at pci0 dev 15 function 0 "AMD CS5536 ISA" rev 0x03: rev 3, 32-bit 
3579545Hz timer, watchdog, gpio, i2c
gpio0 at glxpcib0: 32 pins
iic0 at glxpcib0
pciide0 at pci0 dev 15 function 2 "AMD CS5536 IDE" rev 0x01: DMA, channel 0 
wired to compatibility, channel 1 wired to compatibility
wd0 at pciide0 channel 0 drive 0: <ELITE PRO CF CARD 8GB>
wd0: 1-sector PIO, LBA, 7279MB, 14909328 sectors
wd0(pciide0:0:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2
pciide0: channel 1 ignored (disabled)
auglx0 at pci0 dev 15 function 3 "AMD CS5536 Audio" rev 0x01: irq 11, CS5536 
AC97
ac97: codec id 0x414c4770 (Avance Logic ALC203 rev 0)
ac97: codec features headphone, 20 bit DAC, 18 bit ADC, No 3D Stereo
audio0 at auglx0
ohci0 at pci0 dev 15 function 4 "AMD CS5536 USB" rev 0x02: irq 5, version 1.0, 
legacy support
ehci0 at pci0 dev 15 function 5 "AMD CS5536 USB" rev 0x02: irq 5
usb0 at ehci0: USB revision 2.0
uhub0 at usb0 configuration 1 interface 0 "AMD EHCI root hub" rev 2.00/1.00 
addr 1
isa0 at glxpcib0
isadma0 at isa0
com0 at isa0 port 0x3f8/8 irq 4: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo
com1 at isa0 port 0x2f8/8 irq 3: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo
pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5 irq 1 irq 12
pckbd0 at pckbc0 (kbd slot)
wskbd0 at pckbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0
pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61
spkr0 at pcppi0
lpt0 at isa0 port 0x378/4 irq 7
wbsio0 at isa0 port 0x2e/2: W83627HF rev 0x41
lm1 at wbsio0 port 0x290/8: W83627HF
npx0 at isa0 port 0xf0/16: reported by CPUID; using exception 16
usb1 at ohci0: USB revision 1.0
uhub1 at usb1 configuration 1 interface 0 "AMD OHCI root hub" rev 1.00/1.00 
addr 1
umass0 at uhub0 port 3 configuration 1 interface 0 "JMicron USB to ATA/ATAPI 
Bridge" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 2
umass0: using SCSI over Bulk-Only
scsibus1 at umass0: 2 targets, initiator 0
sd0 at scsibus1 targ 1 lun 0: <WDC WD10, TPVT-00HT5T0, > 
serial.152d2339DA0AC90273FF
sd0: 953869MB, 512 bytes/sector, 1953525168 sectors
vscsi0 at root
scsibus2 at vscsi0: 256 targets
softraid0 at root
scsibus3 at softraid0: 256 targets
root on wd0a (bf940e6c7aaf2c50.a) swap on wd0b dump on wd0b
WARNING: / was not properly unmounted
WARNING: R/W mount of /backup denied.  Filesystem is not clean - run fsck

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