https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2026/02/why-tehrans-two-tiered-internet-is-so-dangerous.html

Security researcher Bruce Schneier wrote the above article for Foreign Policy. 
It has some useful information on how two countries, Iran and China, have 
managed their Internet connectivity to control the information flows of their 
populations. They each have developed different ways to disrupt their peoples' 
domestic and international access to the public Internet. During the 2025 
US/Zionist attack, Iran selectively shut down targeted services to disrupt 
protest organizing. This year, however, Iran forced a complete Internet 
blackout, according to Schneier, who views this as part of an Iranian strategy 
to promote two-tiered access to the Internet, one tier would be unfettered 
access for the regime officials and reliable supporters; everyone else gets 
highly-restricted access. According to the article:

'The current blackout is not an isolated panic reaction but a stress test for a 
long-term strategy, say advocacy groups—a two-tiered or “class-based” internet 
known as Internet-e-Tabaqati. Iran’s Supreme Council of Cyberspace, the 
country’s highest internet policy body, has been laying the legal and technical 
groundwork for this since 2009.

'In July 2025, the council passed a regulation formally institutionalizing a 
two-tiered hierarchy. Under this system, access to the global internet is no 
longer a default for citizens, but instead a privilege granted based on loyalty 
and professional necessity. The implementation includes such things as “white 
SIM cards“: special mobile lines issued to government officials, security 
forces, and approved journalists that bypass the state’s filtering apparatus 
entirely.'

There was no discussion of US Internet policy, which the author may consider to 
be the gold standard or the least restrictive in the world. In the US and other 
over-developed capitalist countries, there are so many independently-operated 
connections between US and global operators that shutting down global access 
would require reengineering of the entire US network topology. Similarly, there 
are many "Internet points of presence" for internal access that these would 
similarly need to be re-engineered. But there has been no need to do that.

Far less explicit controls are needed when capital dominates the Internet as it 
does in the US. The most visited sites, the most followed influencers, and the 
most used PC and smartphone apps are under the control of big capital, which 
also directs practically all the US tech industries. We should assume that US 
government police and spy agencies record our every use of the Internet. For 
over a quarter century, the US government has collected the "metadata" of who 
is contacting to what from where and for how long; unencrypted connections lets 
the US government access to the content of the message, but metadata alone is 
sufficient to construct a social network of who is talking who and when. That 
data alone is useful to federal police and intelligence agencies. Shutting off 
the Internet today would shut down the stream of surveillance data that is 
collected at each step along an Internet path, from Internet routers to the 
final social media and website destinations. 

Unfortunately, the left has learned to substitute social media for 
democratically-operated coalitions. Most left organization today cannot 
function without Internet apps and services. Some on the US left have talked 
about doing a "dry run shutdown" of Internet services for their organizations 
to test how well a groups can adapt when we are as unplugged as the people in 
today's Iran. But under today's conditions in the US, the capital-subsumed 
Internet is serving the system quite well.

Mark



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