"The Case of Sultan-Galiyev"
Introduction MLRG.online 8 March, 2026

The imperialist war of aggression against the state of Iran is now more than a 
week old, and showing no signs of fast resolution.
The war has raised in some an anxiety about whether criticising and opposing 
the imperialist war is to defend the theocratic regime. We argue that is 
incorrect and we have made our position on the war clear (1 March, 2026; 
MLRG.online).

Nevertheless, other legitimate queries about the relation of Marxism and Islam 
have been raised. Some comrades in correspondence to us have suggested there 
was inadequate consideration of Islam in either the USSR or in the People’s 
Socialist Republic of Albania (PSRA). It is difficult to measure the extent of 
what is adequate. But it was very far from ignored.

As far as the attitude to Islam and religion in the PSRA, we have dealt with 
that previously…. We characterise the decisions on religion in the PSRA – 
‘mandating” atheism – as an ultra-left error. We place that in the context of 
strong pressure from the People’s Republic of China then undergoing the Maoist 
so-called “Cultural Revolution”. We argued the context also included the 
erection of the Cult of Personality around Enver Hoxha, by revisionist factions 
of the Party.

More broadly, and more in relation to the USSR – we believe it is inaccurate to 
argue that there was inadequate consideration of Islam. The life of Mir-Said 
Sultan-Galiyev was one of fighting for a so-called “Islamic communism”.  The 
struggle against this anti-Bolshevik tendency speaks to just how deeply the 
party leaders were immersed in this question.

Even more broadly about the relation of Islam to the Marxist movements, mention 
should be made of Maxime Rodinson (Obituary at Guardian by  Johnson, Douglas (3 
June 2004; “Maxime Rodinson, Marxist historian of Islam”).    He performed some 
fundamental scholarly work from the Marxist viewpoint . For example his work on 
the social and historical reality of “Mohammed” (Harmondsworth UK; 1971 At 
internet Archive)…  Despite that he certainly lapses into what seem to us to be 
frank errors. Such as:
“There is such an entity as the Arab nation. In the form in which we know it 
today, it emerged in the centuries following the Arab conquests by the Arabs of 
Arabia who had become Muslims through the preaching of the Prophet Mohammed…”:
Maxime Rodinson, “Marxism and the Muslim World”; New York 1981; p. 208……
->http://mlrg.online/history/the-case-of-sultan-galiyev/

H


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