Stephen J. Turnbull wrote:

> I think the missing DKIM signature may be important.  One
> interpretation of "SPOOFED_UNAUTH" is "I think it's spoofed because I
> can't authenticate it".  In question 9 above, if you send mail via (a)
> SPF *could* authenticate it, and via (c) that's pretty good
> authentication, but DKIM is best and Mailcow may insist on it.

First of all, thank you very much for your support! :-)

To answer question 9, I will describe my setup:

I've been using mailcow as my mail server for a while now, and recently 
mailman. Both run on the same host under Docker; I followed these instructions:
https://docs.mailcow.email/third_party/mailman3/third_party-mailman3/

So the way how mailman is integrated ist described here:
https://docs.mailcow.email/third_party/mailman3/third_party-mailman3/#add-mailman-integration

lists.domain2.online: Domain under which the mailman mailing lists run.
my.mailserver.de (1.2.3.4): Mail server running with mailcow.
[email protected]: My email address is a member of the list 
[email protected]

If I now set the test list as a non-anonymous list, I can send an email from 
[email protected] to [email protected]. It will then arrive 
at [email protected] via the list and look like this:
(Sorry for posting the whole email, but I don't want to miss anything important)

X-Mozilla-Status: 0001
X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
Received: from mailin20.aul.t-online.de ([10.223.144.60])
        by ehead25a10.aul.t-online.de with LMTP
        id sOxpMb8Tw2ietwAA1CIAZQ
        (envelope-from <[email protected]>); Thu, 11 Sep 
2025 20:23:59 +0200
Received: from my.mailserver.de ([1.2.3.4]) by mailin20.mgt.mul.t-online.de
        with (TLSv1.3:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 encrypted)
        esmtp id 1uwlxc-1DSY6r0; Thu, 11 Sep 2025 20:23:56 +0200
Received: from [172.29.199.3] (unknown [172.22.1.1])
        by my.mailserver.de (Postcow) with ESMTP id A3C01160026;
        Thu, 11 Sep 2025 20:23:55 +0200 (CEST)
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=lists.domain2.online;
        s=dkim; t=1757615035; 
h=from:subject:date:message-id:to:mime-version:content-type:
         content-transfer-encoding:content-language:list-id:list-help:
         list-owner:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe:list-post;
        bh=uGrXLBOr+HJaZrAyNMN5fih9l4O/kF9HR9kjIHSATUM=;
        b=cr11tdmompC0lUHRTHmPwXmVN47+coABsWjCCr7xP5hylpkyA1X9gWGb0icHxVchbCe0+J
        PkEp6of1uJgVqtOvk4B+nQBaW3NkfmeiBuXQJ/vGEOpoAqffTvl6hSq8MtdovARdoGTpCW
        SH0Utk9waVXNu89PkB+ZfdC6yaRVr26KKkLWriw0eB6j2llXZS72wZMp/IKA8pTW2IoR8j
        BUaNVqlGUtSFQO8VUXuSHDRpzxz6HpLidbnuygq1jKqK4MOVX7CIcHgz56+KwNDhyfDGph
        1UR27gMpy55g5biI2VsdecgxpFApAAffMKENBul/i7hc0FtaL4OvFkJpOMi1Bw==
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Received: from mailout05.t-online.de (mailout05.t-online.de [194.25.134.82])
        (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits)
         key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest
 SHA256)
        (No client certificate requested)
        by my.mailserver.de (Postcow) with ESMTPS id BDF16160026
        for <[email protected]>; Thu, 11 Sep 2025 20:23:53 +0200 
(CEST)
ARC-Seal: i=1; s=dkim; d=lists.domain2.online; t=1757615033; a=rsa-sha256;
        cv=none;
        b=GPjHqy/UO/namwi50u6Hx7nkMxJn1O3SmvGH7qhrWA0qHNHYOjsfEqMK8IXI/BpGBlFY2w
        jM5ugK9l9dOtMlK6PeIHiLY4PMKIEJ9DOUwWynhB69o+YMqgK1060XzCXX7/N9y72wYAwI
        j+hf5YVnXdP3NxzioTb+9uuUls56kOyhXwNievuAcL78jvYQYZy8x/BwtY593kpwG+tWc5
        axazfDr58xm+O8YleR06OfbXZk2faS1xjj/vLiOyqjoNc2GrTMhUXZKDDryhs+56DnIXuL
        I4N4hvYUtKse6OEWjLx537aNl6tYuXWZ/+dn8YLE7UdMX6xtSDbjWNCIKCxSgA==
ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1;
        my.mailserver.de;
        dkim=none;
        dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=t-online.de;
        spf=pass (my.mailserver.de: domain of [email protected]
 designates 194.25.134.82 as permitted sender)
 [email protected]
ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed;
        d=lists.domain2.online; s=dkim; t=1757615033;
        h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id:
         to:to:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type:
         content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding;
        bh=Si6KpMIgU2cSdhN7oYV2hWnUh/PTv49n+b9Q23p38LI=;
        b=ENhqizYrOpISbjaf2MKl6C4dMbldPoj1THa2iG4WHH9dCk2Hpb6puB8MyhecAbj4La3Lao
        AlFmG+k+bT+2Tcew64ILFVZ1wPWYAq8fBQnOAE/0dhGdN9HzWzds+gDW8Hm5YLmybmug3u
        WRNnb0E8CzB0Ctlq4/RgdZgRMMEOW8utXNuPq7RKroZARl2g34b63ozXHERWo22h7a/T5T
        DVarQraTXoNrbDZ6Xgr76tWprn4dQzRImdUyMIys8T+RmkmNeQgDPFv3Fs+XYLxcZqJbWF
        tUBRv8J/XdQRYcaWWoVzlUFOX9fBzGp2+hTiHkSWMBtd+XDQWQwXlDd+7oXMMw==
Received: from fwd79.aul.t-online.de (fwd79.aul.t-online.de [10.223.144.105])
        by mailout05.t-online.de (Postfix) with SMTP id 97BA383E
        for <[email protected]>; Thu, 11 Sep 2025 20:23:53 +0200 
(CEST)
Received: from [192.168.42.95] ([79.248.15.117]) by fwd79.t-online.de
        with (TLSv1.3:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 encrypted)
        esmtp id 1uwlxZ-202QnA0; Thu, 11 Sep 2025 20:23:53 +0200
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 20:23:53 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird
Content-Language: de-DE
To: [email protected]
From: Matthias <[email protected]>
X-Last-TLS-Session-Version: TLSv1.3
Message-ID-Hash: QHTK754PQY25N6BZSBXO3Y6K4WAESCPF
X-Message-ID-Hash: QHTK754PQY25N6BZSBXO3Y6K4WAESCPF
X-MailFrom: [email protected]
X-Mailman-Rule-Hits: member-moderation
X-Mailman-Rule-Misses: dmarc-mitigation; no-senders; approved; loop;
 banned-address; emergency
X-Mailman-Version: 3.3.10
Precedence: list
Subject: =?utf-8?q?=5BTestliste=5D_Mail_von_t-online?=
List-Id: Testliste <testliste.lists.domain2.online>
Archived-At: 
 
<https://lists.domain2.online/hyperkitty/list/[email protected]/message/QHTK754PQY25N6BZSBXO3Y6K4WAESCPF/>
List-Archive: 
 <https://lists.domain2.online/hyperkitty/list/[email protected]/>
List-Help: <mailto:[email protected]?subject=help>
List-Owner: <mailto:[email protected]>
List-Post: NO
List-Subscribe: <mailto:[email protected]>
List-Unsubscribe: <mailto:[email protected]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"; format="flowed"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
X-Last-TLS-Session-Version: None
X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.15 / 15.00];
        BAYES_HAM(-5.44)[99.86%];
        FORGED_W_BAD_POLICY(3.00)[];
        SUBJ_EXCESS_QP(1.20)[];
        MIME_BASE64_TEXT_BOGUS(1.00)[];
        MAILLIST(-0.20)[mailman];
        RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[];
        FISHY_TLD(0.10)[lists.domain2.online];
        ARC_REJECT(0.10)[signature check failed: fail, {[1] = 
sig:lists.domain2.online:reject}];
        MIME_BASE64_TEXT(0.10)[];
        MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain];
        HAS_LIST_UNSUB(-0.01)[];
        BCC(0.00)[];
        MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+];
        RCPT_MAILCOW_DOMAIN(0.00)[brunsche.de,domain2.online];
        
FORGED_SENDER(0.00)[[email protected],[email protected]];
        RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1];
        DKIM_SIGNED(0.00)[lists.domain2.online:s=dkim];
        FREEMAIL_ENVRCPT(0.00)[t-online.de];
        FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[t-online.de];
        
FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[[email protected],[email protected]];
        FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[];
        RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3];
        TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[];
        MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[];
        PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[[email protected]];
        FORGED_RECIPIENTS_MAILLIST(0.00)[];
        FORGED_SENDER_MAILLIST(0.00)[]
X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: A3C01160026
X-TOI-VIRUSSCAN: unchecked
X-TOI-EXPURGATEID: 149288::1757615036-7DFF9602-F04AED1F/0/0 CLEAN NORMAL
X-TOI-MSGID: 33a39598-248e-49ce-8014-5b8d700dc8b7
X-ENVELOPE-TO: <[email protected]>
Authentication-Results: mailin20.aul.t-online.de;
        dkim=pass (2048-bit key; secure) header.d=lists.domain2.online 
[email protected] header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=dkim 
header.b=cr11tdmo;
        dkim-atps=neutral


So there are DKIM signatures from d=lists.domain2.online attached, and the 
authentication results from t-online.de also say:
dkim=pass

Everything's OK with this email, right? Or is something wrong here?

It would be great if you could take a look at it, so I don't miss anything.

Thanks very much,
Matthias

(I'll continue with the other questions later...)
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