http://lwn.net/Articles/65434/
Name: Simplified Kthread
Author: Rusty Russell
Status: Booted on 2.6.1-rc2-bk1
Depends: Hotcpu-New-Kthread/workqueue_children.patch.gz

D: The hotplug CPU code introduces two major problems:
D: 
D: 1) Threads which previously never stopped (migration thread,
D:    ksoftirqd, keventd) have to be stopped cleanly as CPUs go offline.
D: 2) Threads which previously never had to be created now have
D:    to be created when a CPU goes online.
D: 
D: Unfortunately, stopping a thread is fairly baroque, involving memory
D: barriers, a completion and spinning until the task is actually dead
D: (for example, complete_and_exit() must be used if inside a module).
D: 
D: There are also three problems in starting a thread:
D: 1) Doing it from a random process context risks environment contamination:
D:    better to do it from keventd to guarantee a clean environment, a-la
D:    call_usermodehelper.
D: 2) Getting the task struct without races is a hard: see kernel/sched.c
D:    migration_call(), kernel/workqueue.c create_workqueue_thread().
D: 3) There are races in starting a thread for a CPU which is not yet
D:    online: migration thread does a complex dance at the moment for
D:    a similar reason (there may be no migration thread to migrate us).
D: 
D: Place all this logic in some primitives to make life easier:
D: kthread_create() and kthread_stop().  These primitives require no
D: extra data-structures in the caller: they operate on normal "struct
D: task_struct"s.
D: 
D: Other changes:
D:   - Expose keventd_up(), as keventd and migration threads will use
D:     kthread to launch, and kthread normally uses workqueues and must
D:     recognize this case.

diff -urpN --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/devel/kernel/kernel-patches/current-dontdiff --minimal .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/include/linux/kthread.h .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/include/linux/kthread.h
--- .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/include/linux/kthread.h	1970-01-01 10:00:00.000000000 +1000
+++ .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/include/linux/kthread.h	2004-01-07 17:56:59.000000000 +1100
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#ifndef _LINUX_KTHREAD_H
+#define _LINUX_KTHREAD_H
+/* Simple interface for creating and stopping kernel threads without mess. */
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+
+/**
+ * kthread_create: create a kthread.
+ * @threadfn: the function to run until signal_pending(current).
+ * @data: data ptr for @threadfn.
+ * @namefmt: printf-style name for the thread.
+ *
+ * Description: This helper function creates and names a kernel
+ * thread.  The thread will be stopped: use wake_up_process() to start
+ * it.  See also kthread_run(), kthread_create_on_cpu().
+ *
+ * When woken, the thread will run @threadfn() with @data as its
+ * argument. @threadfn can either call do_exit() directly if it is a
+ * standalone thread for which noone will call kthread_stop(), or
+ * return when 'signal_pending(current)' is true (which means
+ * kthread_stop() has been called).  The return value should be zero
+ * or a negative error number: it will be passed to kthread_stop().
+ * 
+ * Returns a task_struct or ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM).
+ */
+struct task_struct *kthread_create(int (*threadfn)(void *data),
+				   void *data,
+				   const char namefmt[], ...);
+
+/**
+ * kthread_run: create and wake a thread.
+ * @threadfn: the function to run until signal_pending(current).
+ * @data: data ptr for @threadfn.
+ * @namefmt: printf-style name for the thread.
+ *
+ * Description: Convenient wrapper for kthread_create() followed by
+ * wake_up_process().  Returns the kthread, or ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM). */
+#define kthread_run(threadfn, data, namefmt, ...)			   \
+({									   \
+	struct task_struct *__k						   \
+		= kthread_create(threadfn, data, namefmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
+	if (!IS_ERR(__k))						   \
+		wake_up_process(__k);					   \
+	__k;								   \
+})
+
+/**
+ * kthread_bind: bind a just-created kthread to a cpu.
+ * @k: thread created by kthread_create().
+ * @cpu: cpu (might not be online, must be possible) for @k to run on.
+ *
+ * Description: This function is equivalent to set_cpus_allowed(),
+ * except that @cpu doesn't need to be online, and the thread must be
+ * stopped (ie. just returned from kthread_create().
+ */
+void kthread_bind(struct task_struct *k, unsigned int cpu);
+
+/**
+ * kthread_stop: stop a thread created by kthread_create().
+ * @k: thread created by kthread_create().
+ *
+ * Sends a signal to @k, and waits for it to exit.  Your threadfn()
+ * must not call do_exit() itself if you use this function!  This can
+ * also be called after kthread_create() instead of calling
+ * wake_up_process(): the thread will exit without calling threadfn().
+ *
+ * Returns the result of threadfn(), or -EINTR if wake_up_process()
+ * was never called. */
+int kthread_stop(struct task_struct *k);
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_KTHREAD_H */
diff -urpN --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/devel/kernel/kernel-patches/current-dontdiff --minimal .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/include/linux/workqueue.h .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/include/linux/workqueue.h
--- .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/include/linux/workqueue.h	2003-09-22 10:07:08.000000000 +1000
+++ .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/include/linux/workqueue.h	2004-01-07 17:56:59.000000000 +1100
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ extern int FASTCALL(schedule_work(struct
 extern int FASTCALL(schedule_delayed_work(struct work_struct *work, unsigned long delay));
 extern void flush_scheduled_work(void);
 extern int current_is_keventd(void);
+extern int keventd_up(void);
 
 extern void init_workqueues(void);
 
diff -urpN --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/devel/kernel/kernel-patches/current-dontdiff --minimal .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/Makefile .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/Makefile
--- .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/Makefile	2003-10-09 18:03:02.000000000 +1000
+++ .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/Makefile	2004-01-07 17:56:59.000000000 +1100
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ obj-y     = sched.o fork.o exec_domain.o
 	    exit.o itimer.o time.o softirq.o resource.o \
 	    sysctl.o capability.o ptrace.o timer.o user.o \
 	    signal.o sys.o kmod.o workqueue.o pid.o \
-	    rcupdate.o intermodule.o extable.o params.o posix-timers.o
+	    rcupdate.o intermodule.o extable.o params.o posix-timers.o \
+	    kthread.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_FUTEX) += futex.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_ISA_DMA) += dma.o
diff -urpN --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/devel/kernel/kernel-patches/current-dontdiff --minimal .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/kthread.c .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/kthread.c
--- .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/kthread.c	1970-01-01 10:00:00.000000000 +1000
+++ .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/kthread.c	2004-01-07 17:56:59.000000000 +1100
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/* Kernel thread helper functions.
+ *   Copyright (C) 2004 IBM Corporation, Rusty Russell.
+ *
+ * Everything is done via keventd, so that we get a clean environment
+ * even if we're invoked from userspace (think modprobe, hotplug cpu,
+ * etc.).  Also, it allows us to wait for dying kthreads without side
+ * effects involved in adopting kthreads to random processes.
+ */
+#define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/completion.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <asm/semaphore.h>
+
+struct kthread_create_info
+{
+	/* Information passed to kthread() from keventd. */
+	int (*threadfn)(void *data);
+	void *data;
+	struct completion started;
+
+	/* Result passed back to kthread_create() from keventd. */
+	struct task_struct *result;
+	struct completion done;
+};
+
+/* Returns so that WEXITSTATUS(ret) == errno. */
+static int kthread(void *_create)
+{
+	struct kthread_create_info *create = _create;
+	int (*threadfn)(void *data);
+	void *data;
+	int ret = -EINTR;
+
+	/* Copy data: it's on keventd's stack */
+	threadfn = create->threadfn;
+	data = ""
+
+	/* OK, tell user we're spawned, wait for stop or wakeup */
+	current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;
+	complete(&create->started);
+	schedule();
+
+	while (!signal_pending(current))
+		ret = threadfn(data);
+
+	return (-ret) << 8;
+}
+
+/* We are keventd: create a thread. */
+static void keventd_create_kthread(void *_create)
+{
+	struct kthread_create_info *create = _create;
+	int pid;
+
+	/* We want our own signal handler (we take no signals by default). */
+	pid = kernel_thread(kthread, create, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES | SIGCHLD);
+	if (pid < 0) {
+		create->result = ERR_PTR(pid);
+	} else {
+		wait_for_completion(&create->started);
+		create->result = find_task_by_pid(pid);
+		wait_task_inactive(create->result);
+	}
+	complete(&create->done);
+}
+
+struct kthread_stop_info
+{
+	struct task_struct *k;
+	int result;
+	struct completion done;
+};
+
+/* "to look upon me as her own dad -- in a very real, and legally
+   binding sense." - Michael Palin */
+static void adopt_kthread(struct task_struct *k)
+{
+	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
+	REMOVE_LINKS(k);
+	k->parent = current;
+	k->real_parent = current;
+	SET_LINKS(k);
+	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
+}
+
+/* We are keventd: stop the thread. */
+static void keventd_stop_kthread(void *_stop)
+{
+	struct kthread_stop_info *stop = _stop;
+	int status;
+	sigset_t blocked;
+	struct k_sigaction sa;
+
+	/* Install a handler so SIGCHLD is actually delivered */
+	sa.sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
+	sa.sa.sa_flags = 0;
+	siginitset(&sa.sa.sa_mask, sigmask(SIGCHLD));
+	do_sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, (struct k_sigaction *)0);
+	allow_signal(SIGCHLD);
+
+	adopt_kthread(stop->k);
+	/* All signals are blocked, hence the force. */
+	force_sig(SIGTERM, stop->k);
+	waitpid(stop->k->tgid, &status, __WALL);
+	stop->result = -((status >> 8) & 0xFF);
+	complete(&stop->done);
+
+	/* Back to normal: block and flush all signals */
+	sigfillset(&blocked);
+	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked, NULL);
+	flush_signals(current);
+	sa.sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+	do_sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, (struct k_sigaction *)0);
+	while (waitpid(-1, &status, __WALL|WNOHANG) > 0);
+}
+
+struct task_struct *kthread_create(int (*threadfn)(void *data),
+				   void *data,
+				   const char namefmt[],
+				   ...)
+{
+	struct kthread_create_info create;
+	DECLARE_WORK(work, keventd_create_kthread, &create);
+
+	create.threadfn = threadfn;
+	create.data = ""
+	init_completion(&create.started);
+	init_completion(&create.done);
+
+	/* If we're being called to start the first workqueue, we
+	 * can't use keventd. */
+	if (!keventd_up())
+		work.func(work.data);
+	else {
+		schedule_work(&work);
+		wait_for_completion(&create.done);
+	}
+	if (!IS_ERR(create.result)) {
+		va_list args;
+		va_start(args, namefmt);
+		vsnprintf(create.result->comm, sizeof(create.result->comm),
+			  namefmt, args);
+		va_end(args);
+	}
+
+	return create.result;
+}
+
+void kthread_bind(struct task_struct *k, unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	BUG_ON(k->state != TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+	k->thread_info->cpu = cpu;
+	k->cpus_allowed = cpumask_of_cpu(cpu);
+}
+
+int kthread_stop(struct task_struct *k)
+{
+	struct kthread_stop_info stop;
+	DECLARE_WORK(work, keventd_stop_kthread, &stop);
+
+	stop.k = k;
+	init_completion(&stop.done);
+
+	schedule_work(&work);
+	wait_for_completion(&stop.done);
+	return stop.result;
+}
diff -urpN --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/devel/kernel/kernel-patches/current-dontdiff --minimal .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/workqueue.c .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/workqueue.c
--- .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/workqueue.c	2004-01-07 17:56:58.000000000 +1100
+++ .16124-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/workqueue.c	2004-01-07 17:56:59.000000000 +1100
@@ -347,6 +347,11 @@ void flush_scheduled_work(void)
 	flush_workqueue(keventd_wq);
 }
 
+int keventd_up(void)
+{
+	return keventd_wq != NULL;
+}
+
 int current_is_keventd(void)
 {
 	struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq;

Name: Use Kthread For Core Kernel Threads
Author: Rusty Russell
Status: Booted on 2.6.1-rc2-bk1
Depends: Hotcpu-New-Kthread/kthread-simple.patch.gz

D: This simply changes over the migration threads, the workqueue
D: threads and the ksoftirqd threads to use kthread.

diff -urpN --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/devel/kernel/kernel-patches/current-dontdiff --minimal .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/sched.c .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/sched.c
--- .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/sched.c	2004-01-06 18:01:01.000000000 +1100
+++ .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/sched.c	2004-01-07 16:34:26.000000000 +1100
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
 #define cpu_to_node_mask(cpu) node_to_cpumask(cpu_to_node(cpu))
@@ -2640,12 +2641,6 @@ static void move_task_away(struct task_s
 	local_irq_restore(flags);
 }
 
-typedef struct {
-	int cpu;
-	struct completion startup_done;
-	task_t *task;
-} migration_startup_t;
-
 /*
  * migration_thread - this is a highprio system thread that performs
  * thread migration by bumping thread off CPU then 'pushing' onto
@@ -2655,27 +2650,17 @@ static int migration_thread(void * data)
 {
 	/* Marking "param" __user is ok, since we do a set_fs(KERNEL_DS); */
 	struct sched_param __user param = { .sched_priority = MAX_RT_PRIO-1 };
-	migration_startup_t *startup = data;
-	int cpu = startup->cpu;
 	runqueue_t *rq;
+	int cpu = (long)data;
 	int ret;
 
-	startup->task = current;
-	complete(&startup->startup_done);
-	set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
-	schedule();
-
 	BUG_ON(smp_processor_id() != cpu);
-
-	daemonize("migration/%d", cpu);
-	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
-
 	ret = setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, &param);
 
 	rq = this_rq();
-	rq->migration_thread = current;
+	BUG_ON(rq->migration_thread != current);
 
-	for (;;) {
+	while (!signal_pending(current)) {
 		struct list_head *head;
 		migration_req_t *req;
 
@@ -2698,6 +2683,7 @@ static int migration_thread(void * data)
 			       any_online_cpu(req->task->cpus_allowed));
 		complete(&req->done);
 	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2708,36 +2694,27 @@ static int migration_call(struct notifie
 			  unsigned long action,
 			  void *hcpu)
 {
-	long cpu = (long) hcpu;
-	migration_startup_t startup;
+	int cpu = (long)hcpu;
+	struct task_struct *p;
 
 	switch (action) {
 	case CPU_ONLINE:
-
-		printk("Starting migration thread for cpu %li\n", cpu);
-
-		startup.cpu = cpu;
-		startup.task = NULL;
-		init_completion(&startup.startup_done);
-
-		kernel_thread(migration_thread, &startup, CLONE_KERNEL);
-		wait_for_completion(&startup.startup_done);
-		wait_task_inactive(startup.task);
-
-		startup.task->thread_info->cpu = cpu;
-		startup.task->cpus_allowed = cpumask_of_cpu(cpu);
-
-		wake_up_process(startup.task);
-
-		while (!cpu_rq(cpu)->migration_thread)
-			yield();
-
+		p = kthread_create(migration_thread, hcpu, "migration/%d",cpu);
+		if (IS_ERR(p))
+			return NOTIFY_BAD;
+		kthread_bind(p, cpu);
+		cpu_rq(cpu)->migration_thread = p;
+		wake_up_process(p);
 		break;
 	}
 	return NOTIFY_OK;
 }
 
-static struct notifier_block migration_notifier = { &migration_call, NULL, 0 };
+/* Want this before the other threads, so they can use set_cpus_allowed. */
+static struct notifier_block __devinitdata migration_notifier = { 
+	.notifier_call = migration_call,
+	.priority = 10,
+};
 
 __init int migration_init(void)
 {
diff -urpN --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/devel/kernel/kernel-patches/current-dontdiff --minimal .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/softirq.c .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/softirq.c
--- .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/softirq.c	2003-10-09 18:03:02.000000000 +1000
+++ .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/softirq.c	2004-01-07 16:36:34.000000000 +1100
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <linux/notifier.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
 
 /*
    - No shared variables, all the data are CPU local.
@@ -337,20 +338,14 @@ static int ksoftirqd(void * __bind_cpu)
 {
 	int cpu = (int) (long) __bind_cpu;
 
-	daemonize("ksoftirqd/%d", cpu);
 	set_user_nice(current, 19);
 	current->flags |= PF_IOTHREAD;
 
-	/* Migrate to the right CPU */
-	set_cpus_allowed(current, cpumask_of_cpu(cpu));
 	BUG_ON(smp_processor_id() != cpu);
 
-	__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
-	mb();
-
-	__get_cpu_var(ksoftirqd) = current;
+	set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 
-	for (;;) {
+	while (!signal_pending(current)) {
 		if (!local_softirq_pending())
 			schedule();
 
@@ -363,6 +358,7 @@ static int ksoftirqd(void * __bind_cpu)
 
 		__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
@@ -370,15 +366,17 @@ static int __devinit cpu_callback(struct
 				  void *hcpu)
 {
 	int hotcpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;
+	struct task_struct *p;
 
 	if (action == CPU_ONLINE) {
-		if (kernel_thread(ksoftirqd, hcpu, CLONE_KERNEL) < 0) {
+		p = kthread_create(ksoftirqd, hcpu, "ksoftirqd/%d", hotcpu);
+		if (IS_ERR(p)) {
 			printk("ksoftirqd for %i failed\n", hotcpu);
 			return NOTIFY_BAD;
 		}
-
-		while (!per_cpu(ksoftirqd, hotcpu))
-			yield();
+		per_cpu(ksoftirqd, hotcpu) = p;
+		kthread_bind(p, hotcpu);
+		wake_up_process(p);
  	}
 	return NOTIFY_OK;
 }
diff -urpN --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/devel/kernel/kernel-patches/current-dontdiff --minimal .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/workqueue.c .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/workqueue.c
--- .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1/kernel/workqueue.c	2004-01-07 16:33:53.000000000 +1100
+++ .9505-linux-2.6.1-rc2-bk1.updated/kernel/workqueue.c	2004-01-07 16:35:27.000000000 +1100
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <linux/completion.h>
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
 
 /*
  * The per-CPU workqueue.
@@ -45,7 +46,6 @@ struct cpu_workqueue_struct {
 
 	struct workqueue_struct *wq;
 	task_t *thread;
-	struct completion exit;
 
 } ____cacheline_aligned;
 
@@ -153,28 +152,23 @@ static inline void run_workqueue(struct 
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cwq->lock, flags);
 }
 
-typedef struct startup_s {
-	struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq;
-	struct completion done;
-	const char *name;
-} startup_t;
-
-static int worker_thread(void *__startup)
+static int worker_thread(void *__cwq)
 {
-	startup_t *startup = __startup;
-	struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq = startup->cwq;
+	struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq = __cwq;
 	int cpu = cwq - cwq->wq->cpu_wq;
 	DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
 	struct k_sigaction sa;
+	sigset_t blocked;
 
-	daemonize("%s/%d", startup->name, cpu);
 	current->flags |= PF_IOTHREAD;
-	cwq->thread = current;
 
 	set_user_nice(current, -10);
-	set_cpus_allowed(current, cpumask_of_cpu(cpu));
+	BUG_ON(smp_processor_id() != cpu);
 
-	complete(&startup->done);
+	/* Block and flush all signals */
+	sigfillset(&blocked);
+	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked, NULL);
+	flush_signals(current);
 
 	/* SIG_IGN makes children autoreap: see do_notify_parent(). */
 	sa.sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
@@ -182,12 +176,10 @@ static int worker_thread(void *__startup
 	siginitset(&sa.sa.sa_mask, sigmask(SIGCHLD));
 	do_sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, (struct k_sigaction *)0);
 
-	for (;;) {
+	while (!signal_pending(current)) {
 		set_task_state(current, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 
 		add_wait_queue(&cwq->more_work, &wait);
-		if (!cwq->thread)
-			break;
 		if (list_empty(&cwq->worklist))
 			schedule();
 		else
@@ -197,9 +189,6 @@ static int worker_thread(void *__startup
 		if (!list_empty(&cwq->worklist))
 			run_workqueue(cwq);
 	}
-	remove_wait_queue(&cwq->more_work, &wait);
-	complete(&cwq->exit);
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -251,9 +240,8 @@ static int create_workqueue_thread(struc
 				   const char *name,
 				   int cpu)
 {
-	startup_t startup;
 	struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq = wq->cpu_wq + cpu;
-	int ret;
+	struct task_struct *p;
 
 	spin_lock_init(&cwq->lock);
 	cwq->wq = wq;
@@ -263,17 +251,13 @@ static int create_workqueue_thread(struc
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cwq->worklist);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&cwq->more_work);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&cwq->work_done);
-	init_completion(&cwq->exit);
 
-	init_completion(&startup.done);
-	startup.cwq = cwq;
-	startup.name = name;
-	ret = kernel_thread(worker_thread, &startup, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
-	if (ret >= 0) {
-		wait_for_completion(&startup.done);
-		BUG_ON(!cwq->thread);
-	}
-	return ret;
+	p = kthread_create(worker_thread, cwq, "%s/%d", name, cpu);
+	if (IS_ERR(p))
+		return PTR_ERR(p);
+	cwq->thread = p;
+	kthread_bind(p, cpu);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 struct workqueue_struct *create_workqueue(const char *name)
@@ -292,6 +276,8 @@ struct workqueue_struct *create_workqueu
 			continue;
 		if (create_workqueue_thread(wq, name, cpu) < 0)
 			destroy = 1;
+		else
+			wake_up_process(wq->cpu_wq[cpu].thread);
 	}
 	/*
 	 * Was there any error during startup? If yes then clean up:
@@ -308,13 +294,8 @@ static void cleanup_workqueue_thread(str
 	struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq;
 
 	cwq = wq->cpu_wq + cpu;
-	if (cwq->thread) {
-		/* Tell thread to exit and wait for it. */
-		cwq->thread = NULL;
-		wake_up(&cwq->more_work);
-
-		wait_for_completion(&cwq->exit);
-	}
+	if (cwq->thread)
+		kthread_stop(cwq->thread);
 }
 
 void destroy_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)

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