Successfully identified regression in *llvm* in CI configuration 
tcwg_bmk_llvm_tk1/llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO.  So far, this commit has 
regressed CI configurations:
 - tcwg_bmk_llvm_tk1/llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO

Culprit:
<cut>
commit 310b35304cdf5a230c042904655583c5532d3e91
Author: Rong Xu <x...@google.com>
Date:   Tue Feb 16 10:53:38 2021 -0800

    [SampleFDO][NFC] Refactor SampleProfile.cpp
    
    Refactor SampleProfile.cpp to use the core code in CodeGen.
    The main changes are:
    (1) Move SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl class to a header file.
    (2) Split SampleCoverageTracker to a head file and a cpp file.
    (3) Move the common codes (common options and callsiteIsHot())
    to the common cpp file.
    
    Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96455
</cut>

Results regressed to (for first_bad == 310b35304cdf5a230c042904655583c5532d3e91)
# reset_artifacts:
-10
# build_abe binutils:
-9
# build_abe stage1 -- --set gcc_override_configure=--with-mode=arm --set 
gcc_override_configure=--disable-libsanitizer:
-8
# build_abe linux:
-7
# build_abe glibc:
-6
# build_abe stage2 -- --set gcc_override_configure=--with-mode=arm --set 
gcc_override_configure=--disable-libsanitizer:
-5
# build_llvm true:
-3
# true:
0
# benchmark -- -O3_LTO_marm 
artifacts/build-310b35304cdf5a230c042904655583c5532d3e91/results_id:
1
# 482.sphinx3,sphinx_livepretend_base.default                   regressed by 106

from (for last_good == cddc53ef088b68586094c9841a76b41bee3994a4)
# reset_artifacts:
-10
# build_abe binutils:
-9
# build_abe stage1 -- --set gcc_override_configure=--with-mode=arm --set 
gcc_override_configure=--disable-libsanitizer:
-8
# build_abe linux:
-7
# build_abe glibc:
-6
# build_abe stage2 -- --set gcc_override_configure=--with-mode=arm --set 
gcc_override_configure=--disable-libsanitizer:
-5
# build_llvm true:
-3
# true:
0
# benchmark -- -O3_LTO_marm 
artifacts/build-cddc53ef088b68586094c9841a76b41bee3994a4/results_id:
1

Artifacts of last_good build: 
https://ci.linaro.org/job/tcwg_bmk_ci_llvm-bisect-tcwg_bmk_tk1-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/6/artifact/artifacts/build-cddc53ef088b68586094c9841a76b41bee3994a4/
Results ID of last_good: 
tk1_32/tcwg_bmk_llvm_tk1/bisect-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/3917
Artifacts of first_bad build: 
https://ci.linaro.org/job/tcwg_bmk_ci_llvm-bisect-tcwg_bmk_tk1-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/6/artifact/artifacts/build-310b35304cdf5a230c042904655583c5532d3e91/
Results ID of first_bad: 
tk1_32/tcwg_bmk_llvm_tk1/bisect-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/3930
Build top page/logs: 
https://ci.linaro.org/job/tcwg_bmk_ci_llvm-bisect-tcwg_bmk_tk1-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/6/

Configuration details:


Reproduce builds:
<cut>
mkdir investigate-llvm-310b35304cdf5a230c042904655583c5532d3e91
cd investigate-llvm-310b35304cdf5a230c042904655583c5532d3e91

git clone https://git.linaro.org/toolchain/jenkins-scripts

mkdir -p artifacts/manifests
curl -o artifacts/manifests/build-baseline.sh 
https://ci.linaro.org/job/tcwg_bmk_ci_llvm-bisect-tcwg_bmk_tk1-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/6/artifact/artifacts/manifests/build-baseline.sh
 --fail
curl -o artifacts/manifests/build-parameters.sh 
https://ci.linaro.org/job/tcwg_bmk_ci_llvm-bisect-tcwg_bmk_tk1-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/6/artifact/artifacts/manifests/build-parameters.sh
 --fail
curl -o artifacts/test.sh 
https://ci.linaro.org/job/tcwg_bmk_ci_llvm-bisect-tcwg_bmk_tk1-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/6/artifact/artifacts/test.sh
 --fail
chmod +x artifacts/test.sh

# Reproduce the baseline build (build all pre-requisites)
./jenkins-scripts/tcwg_bmk-build.sh @@ artifacts/manifests/build-baseline.sh

# Save baseline build state (which is then restored in artifacts/test.sh)
mkdir -p ./bisect
rsync -a --del --delete-excluded --exclude /bisect/ --exclude /artifacts/ 
--exclude /llvm/ ./ ./bisect/baseline/

cd llvm

# Reproduce first_bad build
git checkout --detach 310b35304cdf5a230c042904655583c5532d3e91
../artifacts/test.sh

# Reproduce last_good build
git checkout --detach cddc53ef088b68586094c9841a76b41bee3994a4
../artifacts/test.sh

cd ..
</cut>

History of pending regressions and results: 
https://git.linaro.org/toolchain/ci/base-artifacts.git/log/?h=linaro-local/ci/tcwg_bmk_llvm_tk1/llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO

Artifacts: 
https://ci.linaro.org/job/tcwg_bmk_ci_llvm-bisect-tcwg_bmk_tk1-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/6/artifact/artifacts/
Build log: 
https://ci.linaro.org/job/tcwg_bmk_ci_llvm-bisect-tcwg_bmk_tk1-llvm-release-arm-spec2k6-O3_LTO/6/consoleText

Full commit (up to 1000 lines):
<cut>
commit 310b35304cdf5a230c042904655583c5532d3e91
Author: Rong Xu <x...@google.com>
Date:   Tue Feb 16 10:53:38 2021 -0800

    [SampleFDO][NFC] Refactor SampleProfile.cpp
    
    Refactor SampleProfile.cpp to use the core code in CodeGen.
    The main changes are:
    (1) Move SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl class to a header file.
    (2) Split SampleCoverageTracker to a head file and a cpp file.
    (3) Move the common codes (common options and callsiteIsHot())
    to the common cpp file.
    
    Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96455
---
 .../llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl.h |  862 +++++++++++++++++
 .../llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseUtil.h |   97 ++
 llvm/lib/ProfileData/CMakeLists.txt                |    1 +
 .../ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseUtil.cpp    |  192 ++++
 llvm/lib/Transforms/IPO/SampleProfile.cpp          | 1001 +-------------------
 5 files changed, 1161 insertions(+), 992 deletions(-)

diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl.h 
b/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f02bacb6edc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+////===- SampleProfileLoadBaseImpl.h - Profile loader base impl --*- 
C++-*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM 
Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+/// \file
+/// This file provides the interface for the sampled PGO profile loader base
+/// implementation.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_TRANSFORMS_IPO_SAMPLEPROFILELOADERIMPL_H
+#define LLVM_TRANSFORMS_IPO_SAMPLEPROFILELOADERIMPL_H
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/PostDominators.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/ProfileSummaryInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/DebugInfoMetadata.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/DebugLoc.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
+#include "llvm/ProfileData/SampleProf.h"
+#include "llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfReader.h"
+#include "llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseUtil.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/GenericDomTree.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+
+namespace llvm {
+using namespace llvm;
+using namespace sampleprof;
+using ProfileCount = Function::ProfileCount;
+namespace sampleprofutil {
+bool callsiteIsHot(const SampleCoverageTracker *CT,
+                   const FunctionSamples *CallsiteFS, ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI,
+                   bool ProfAccForSymsInList);
+} // namespace sampleprofutil
+using namespace sampleprofutil;
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "sample-profile-impl"
+
+using BlockWeightMap = DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, uint64_t>;
+using EquivalenceClassMap = DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, const BasicBlock *>;
+using Edge = std::pair<const BasicBlock *, const BasicBlock *>;
+using EdgeWeightMap = DenseMap<Edge, uint64_t>;
+using BlockEdgeMap =
+    DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, SmallVector<const BasicBlock *, 8>>;
+
+extern cl::opt<unsigned> SampleProfileMaxPropagateIterations;
+extern cl::opt<unsigned> SampleProfileRecordCoverage;
+extern cl::opt<unsigned> SampleProfileSampleCoverage;
+extern cl::opt<bool> NoWarnSampleUnused;
+
+class SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl {
+public:
+  SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl(std::string Name) : Filename(Name) {}
+  void dump() { Reader->dump(); }
+
+protected:
+  friend class SampleCoverageTracker;
+
+  unsigned getFunctionLoc(Function &F);
+  virtual ErrorOr<uint64_t> getInstWeight(const Instruction &Inst);
+  ErrorOr<uint64_t> getInstWeightImpl(const Instruction &Inst);
+  ErrorOr<uint64_t> getBlockWeight(const BasicBlock *BB);
+  mutable DenseMap<const DILocation *, const FunctionSamples *>
+      DILocation2SampleMap;
+  virtual const FunctionSamples *
+  findFunctionSamples(const Instruction &I) const;
+  void printEdgeWeight(raw_ostream &OS, Edge E);
+  void printBlockWeight(raw_ostream &OS, const BasicBlock *BB) const;
+  void printBlockEquivalence(raw_ostream &OS, const BasicBlock *BB);
+  bool computeBlockWeights(Function &F);
+  void findEquivalenceClasses(Function &F);
+  template <bool IsPostDom>
+  void findEquivalencesFor(BasicBlock *BB1, ArrayRef<BasicBlock *> Descendants,
+                           DominatorTreeBase<BasicBlock, IsPostDom> *DomTree);
+
+  void propagateWeights(Function &F);
+  uint64_t visitEdge(Edge E, unsigned *NumUnknownEdges, Edge *UnknownEdge);
+  void buildEdges(Function &F);
+  bool propagateThroughEdges(Function &F, bool UpdateBlockCount);
+  void clearFunctionData();
+  void computeDominanceAndLoopInfo(Function &F);
+  bool
+  computeAndPropagateWeights(Function &F,
+                             const DenseSet<GlobalValue::GUID> &InlinedGUIDs);
+  void emitCoverageRemarks(Function &F);
+
+  /// Map basic blocks to their computed weights.
+  ///
+  /// The weight of a basic block is defined to be the maximum
+  /// of all the instruction weights in that block.
+  BlockWeightMap BlockWeights;
+
+  /// Map edges to their computed weights.
+  ///
+  /// Edge weights are computed by propagating basic block weights in
+  /// SampleProfile::propagateWeights.
+  EdgeWeightMap EdgeWeights;
+
+  /// Set of visited blocks during propagation.
+  SmallPtrSet<const BasicBlock *, 32> VisitedBlocks;
+
+  /// Set of visited edges during propagation.
+  SmallSet<Edge, 32> VisitedEdges;
+
+  /// Equivalence classes for block weights.
+  ///
+  /// Two blocks BB1 and BB2 are in the same equivalence class if they
+  /// dominate and post-dominate each other, and they are in the same loop
+  /// nest. When this happens, the two blocks are guaranteed to execute
+  /// the same number of times.
+  EquivalenceClassMap EquivalenceClass;
+
+  /// Dominance, post-dominance and loop information.
+  std::unique_ptr<DominatorTree> DT;
+  std::unique_ptr<PostDominatorTree> PDT;
+  std::unique_ptr<LoopInfo> LI;
+
+  /// Predecessors for each basic block in the CFG.
+  BlockEdgeMap Predecessors;
+
+  /// Successors for each basic block in the CFG.
+  BlockEdgeMap Successors;
+
+  /// Profile coverage tracker.
+  SampleCoverageTracker CoverageTracker;
+
+  /// Profile reader object.
+  std::unique_ptr<SampleProfileReader> Reader;
+
+  /// Samples collected for the body of this function.
+  FunctionSamples *Samples = nullptr;
+
+  /// Name of the profile file to load.
+  std::string Filename;
+
+  /// Profile Summary Info computed from sample profile.
+  ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI = nullptr;
+
+  /// Optimization Remark Emitter used to emit diagnostic remarks.
+  OptimizationRemarkEmitter *ORE = nullptr;
+};
+
+/// Clear all the per-function data used to load samples and propagate weights.
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::clearFunctionData() {
+  BlockWeights.clear();
+  EdgeWeights.clear();
+  VisitedBlocks.clear();
+  VisitedEdges.clear();
+  EquivalenceClass.clear();
+  DT = nullptr;
+  PDT = nullptr;
+  LI = nullptr;
+  Predecessors.clear();
+  Successors.clear();
+  CoverageTracker.clear();
+}
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+/// Print the weight of edge \p E on stream \p OS.
+///
+/// \param OS  Stream to emit the output to.
+/// \param E  Edge to print.
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::printEdgeWeight(raw_ostream &OS, Edge E) {
+  OS << "weight[" << E.first->getName() << "->" << E.second->getName()
+     << "]: " << EdgeWeights[E] << "\n";
+}
+
+/// Print the equivalence class of block \p BB on stream \p OS.
+///
+/// \param OS  Stream to emit the output to.
+/// \param BB  Block to print.
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::printBlockEquivalence(raw_ostream &OS,
+                                                        const BasicBlock *BB) {
+  const BasicBlock *Equiv = EquivalenceClass[BB];
+  OS << "equivalence[" << BB->getName()
+     << "]: " << ((Equiv) ? EquivalenceClass[BB]->getName() : "NONE") << "\n";
+}
+
+/// Print the weight of block \p BB on stream \p OS.
+///
+/// \param OS  Stream to emit the output to.
+/// \param BB  Block to print.
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::printBlockWeight(raw_ostream &OS,
+                                                   const BasicBlock *BB) const 
{
+  const auto &I = BlockWeights.find(BB);
+  uint64_t W = (I == BlockWeights.end() ? 0 : I->second);
+  OS << "weight[" << BB->getName() << "]: " << W << "\n";
+}
+#endif
+
+/// Get the weight for an instruction.
+///
+/// The "weight" of an instruction \p Inst is the number of samples
+/// collected on that instruction at runtime. To retrieve it, we
+/// need to compute the line number of \p Inst relative to the start of its
+/// function. We use HeaderLineno to compute the offset. We then
+/// look up the samples collected for \p Inst using BodySamples.
+///
+/// \param Inst Instruction to query.
+///
+/// \returns the weight of \p Inst.
+ErrorOr<uint64_t>
+SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::getInstWeight(const Instruction &Inst) {
+  return getInstWeightImpl(Inst);
+}
+
+ErrorOr<uint64_t>
+SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::getInstWeightImpl(const Instruction &Inst) {
+  const FunctionSamples *FS = findFunctionSamples(Inst);
+  if (!FS)
+    return std::error_code();
+
+  const DebugLoc &DLoc = Inst.getDebugLoc();
+  if (!DLoc)
+    return std::error_code();
+
+  const DILocation *DIL = DLoc;
+  uint32_t LineOffset = FunctionSamples::getOffset(DIL);
+  uint32_t Discriminator = DIL->getBaseDiscriminator();
+  ErrorOr<uint64_t> R = FS->findSamplesAt(LineOffset, Discriminator);
+  if (R) {
+    bool FirstMark =
+        CoverageTracker.markSamplesUsed(FS, LineOffset, Discriminator, 
R.get());
+    if (FirstMark) {
+      ORE->emit([&]() {
+        OptimizationRemarkAnalysis Remark(DEBUG_TYPE, "AppliedSamples", &Inst);
+        Remark << "Applied " << ore::NV("NumSamples", *R);
+        Remark << " samples from profile (offset: ";
+        Remark << ore::NV("LineOffset", LineOffset);
+        if (Discriminator) {
+          Remark << ".";
+          Remark << ore::NV("Discriminator", Discriminator);
+        }
+        Remark << ")";
+        return Remark;
+      });
+    }
+    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    " << DLoc.getLine() << "."
+                      << DIL->getBaseDiscriminator() << ":" << Inst
+                      << " (line offset: " << LineOffset << "."
+                      << DIL->getBaseDiscriminator() << " - weight: " << 
R.get()
+                      << ")\n");
+  }
+  return R;
+}
+
+/// Compute the weight of a basic block.
+///
+/// The weight of basic block \p BB is the maximum weight of all the
+/// instructions in BB.
+///
+/// \param BB The basic block to query.
+///
+/// \returns the weight for \p BB.
+ErrorOr<uint64_t>
+SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::getBlockWeight(const BasicBlock *BB) {
+  uint64_t Max = 0;
+  bool HasWeight = false;
+  for (auto &I : BB->getInstList()) {
+    const ErrorOr<uint64_t> &R = getInstWeight(I);
+    if (R) {
+      Max = std::max(Max, R.get());
+      HasWeight = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return HasWeight ? ErrorOr<uint64_t>(Max) : std::error_code();
+}
+
+/// Compute and store the weights of every basic block.
+///
+/// This populates the BlockWeights map by computing
+/// the weights of every basic block in the CFG.
+///
+/// \param F The function to query.
+bool SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::computeBlockWeights(Function &F) {
+  bool Changed = false;
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Block weights\n");
+  for (const auto &BB : F) {
+    ErrorOr<uint64_t> Weight = getBlockWeight(&BB);
+    if (Weight) {
+      BlockWeights[&BB] = Weight.get();
+      VisitedBlocks.insert(&BB);
+      Changed = true;
+    }
+    LLVM_DEBUG(printBlockWeight(dbgs(), &BB));
+  }
+
+  return Changed;
+}
+
+/// Get the FunctionSamples for an instruction.
+///
+/// The FunctionSamples of an instruction \p Inst is the inlined instance
+/// in which that instruction is coming from. We traverse the inline stack
+/// of that instruction, and match it with the tree nodes in the profile.
+///
+/// \param Inst Instruction to query.
+///
+/// \returns the FunctionSamples pointer to the inlined instance.
+const FunctionSamples *SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::findFunctionSamples(
+    const Instruction &Inst) const {
+  const DILocation *DIL = Inst.getDebugLoc();
+  if (!DIL)
+    return Samples;
+
+  auto it = DILocation2SampleMap.try_emplace(DIL, nullptr);
+  if (it.second) {
+    it.first->second = Samples->findFunctionSamples(DIL, 
Reader->getRemapper());
+  }
+  return it.first->second;
+}
+
+/// Find equivalence classes for the given block.
+///
+/// This finds all the blocks that are guaranteed to execute the same
+/// number of times as \p BB1. To do this, it traverses all the
+/// descendants of \p BB1 in the dominator or post-dominator tree.
+///
+/// A block BB2 will be in the same equivalence class as \p BB1 if
+/// the following holds:
+///
+/// 1- \p BB1 is a descendant of BB2 in the opposite tree. So, if BB2
+///    is a descendant of \p BB1 in the dominator tree, then BB2 should
+///    dominate BB1 in the post-dominator tree.
+///
+/// 2- Both BB2 and \p BB1 must be in the same loop.
+///
+/// For every block BB2 that meets those two requirements, we set BB2's
+/// equivalence class to \p BB1.
+///
+/// \param BB1  Block to check.
+/// \param Descendants  Descendants of \p BB1 in either the dom or pdom tree.
+/// \param DomTree  Opposite dominator tree. If \p Descendants is filled
+///                 with blocks from \p BB1's dominator tree, then
+///                 this is the post-dominator tree, and vice versa.
+template <bool IsPostDom>
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::findEquivalencesFor(
+    BasicBlock *BB1, ArrayRef<BasicBlock *> Descendants,
+    DominatorTreeBase<BasicBlock, IsPostDom> *DomTree) {
+  const BasicBlock *EC = EquivalenceClass[BB1];
+  uint64_t Weight = BlockWeights[EC];
+  for (const auto *BB2 : Descendants) {
+    bool IsDomParent = DomTree->dominates(BB2, BB1);
+    bool IsInSameLoop = LI->getLoopFor(BB1) == LI->getLoopFor(BB2);
+    if (BB1 != BB2 && IsDomParent && IsInSameLoop) {
+      EquivalenceClass[BB2] = EC;
+      // If BB2 is visited, then the entire EC should be marked as visited.
+      if (VisitedBlocks.count(BB2)) {
+        VisitedBlocks.insert(EC);
+      }
+
+      // If BB2 is heavier than BB1, make BB2 have the same weight
+      // as BB1.
+      //
+      // Note that we don't worry about the opposite situation here
+      // (when BB2 is lighter than BB1). We will deal with this
+      // during the propagation phase. Right now, we just want to
+      // make sure that BB1 has the largest weight of all the
+      // members of its equivalence set.
+      Weight = std::max(Weight, BlockWeights[BB2]);
+    }
+  }
+  if (EC == &EC->getParent()->getEntryBlock()) {
+    BlockWeights[EC] = Samples->getHeadSamples() + 1;
+  } else {
+    BlockWeights[EC] = Weight;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Find equivalence classes.
+///
+/// Since samples may be missing from blocks, we can fill in the gaps by 
setting
+/// the weights of all the blocks in the same equivalence class to the same
+/// weight. To compute the concept of equivalence, we use dominance and loop
+/// information. Two blocks B1 and B2 are in the same equivalence class if B1
+/// dominates B2, B2 post-dominates B1 and both are in the same loop.
+///
+/// \param F The function to query.
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::findEquivalenceClasses(Function &F) {
+  SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 8> DominatedBBs;
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nBlock equivalence classes\n");
+  // Find equivalence sets based on dominance and post-dominance information.
+  for (auto &BB : F) {
+    BasicBlock *BB1 = &BB;
+
+    // Compute BB1's equivalence class once.
+    if (EquivalenceClass.count(BB1)) {
+      LLVM_DEBUG(printBlockEquivalence(dbgs(), BB1));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // By default, blocks are in their own equivalence class.
+    EquivalenceClass[BB1] = BB1;
+
+    // Traverse all the blocks dominated by BB1. We are looking for
+    // every basic block BB2 such that:
+    //
+    // 1- BB1 dominates BB2.
+    // 2- BB2 post-dominates BB1.
+    // 3- BB1 and BB2 are in the same loop nest.
+    //
+    // If all those conditions hold, it means that BB2 is executed
+    // as many times as BB1, so they are placed in the same equivalence
+    // class by making BB2's equivalence class be BB1.
+    DominatedBBs.clear();
+    DT->getDescendants(BB1, DominatedBBs);
+    findEquivalencesFor(BB1, DominatedBBs, PDT.get());
+
+    LLVM_DEBUG(printBlockEquivalence(dbgs(), BB1));
+  }
+
+  // Assign weights to equivalence classes.
+  //
+  // All the basic blocks in the same equivalence class will execute
+  // the same number of times. Since we know that the head block in
+  // each equivalence class has the largest weight, assign that weight
+  // to all the blocks in that equivalence class.
+  LLVM_DEBUG(
+      dbgs() << "\nAssign the same weight to all blocks in the same class\n");
+  for (auto &BI : F) {
+    const BasicBlock *BB = &BI;
+    const BasicBlock *EquivBB = EquivalenceClass[BB];
+    if (BB != EquivBB)
+      BlockWeights[BB] = BlockWeights[EquivBB];
+    LLVM_DEBUG(printBlockWeight(dbgs(), BB));
+  }
+}
+
+/// Visit the given edge to decide if it has a valid weight.
+///
+/// If \p E has not been visited before, we copy to \p UnknownEdge
+/// and increment the count of unknown edges.
+///
+/// \param E  Edge to visit.
+/// \param NumUnknownEdges  Current number of unknown edges.
+/// \param UnknownEdge  Set if E has not been visited before.
+///
+/// \returns E's weight, if known. Otherwise, return 0.
+uint64_t SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::visitEdge(Edge E,
+                                                unsigned *NumUnknownEdges,
+                                                Edge *UnknownEdge) {
+  if (!VisitedEdges.count(E)) {
+    (*NumUnknownEdges)++;
+    *UnknownEdge = E;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return EdgeWeights[E];
+}
+
+/// Propagate weights through incoming/outgoing edges.
+///
+/// If the weight of a basic block is known, and there is only one edge
+/// with an unknown weight, we can calculate the weight of that edge.
+///
+/// Similarly, if all the edges have a known count, we can calculate the
+/// count of the basic block, if needed.
+///
+/// \param F  Function to process.
+/// \param UpdateBlockCount  Whether we should update basic block counts that
+///                          has already been annotated.
+///
+/// \returns  True if new weights were assigned to edges or blocks.
+bool SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::propagateThroughEdges(Function &F,
+                                                        bool UpdateBlockCount) 
{
+  bool Changed = false;
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nPropagation through edges\n");
+  for (const auto &BI : F) {
+    const BasicBlock *BB = &BI;
+    const BasicBlock *EC = EquivalenceClass[BB];
+
+    // Visit all the predecessor and successor edges to determine
+    // which ones have a weight assigned already. Note that it doesn't
+    // matter that we only keep track of a single unknown edge. The
+    // only case we are interested in handling is when only a single
+    // edge is unknown (see setEdgeOrBlockWeight).
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      uint64_t TotalWeight = 0;
+      unsigned NumUnknownEdges = 0, NumTotalEdges = 0;
+      Edge UnknownEdge, SelfReferentialEdge, SingleEdge;
+
+      if (i == 0) {
+        // First, visit all predecessor edges.
+        NumTotalEdges = Predecessors[BB].size();
+        for (auto *Pred : Predecessors[BB]) {
+          Edge E = std::make_pair(Pred, BB);
+          TotalWeight += visitEdge(E, &NumUnknownEdges, &UnknownEdge);
+          if (E.first == E.second)
+            SelfReferentialEdge = E;
+        }
+        if (NumTotalEdges == 1) {
+          SingleEdge = std::make_pair(Predecessors[BB][0], BB);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // On the second round, visit all successor edges.
+        NumTotalEdges = Successors[BB].size();
+        for (auto *Succ : Successors[BB]) {
+          Edge E = std::make_pair(BB, Succ);
+          TotalWeight += visitEdge(E, &NumUnknownEdges, &UnknownEdge);
+        }
+        if (NumTotalEdges == 1) {
+          SingleEdge = std::make_pair(BB, Successors[BB][0]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // After visiting all the edges, there are three cases that we
+      // can handle immediately:
+      //
+      // - All the edge weights are known (i.e., NumUnknownEdges == 0).
+      //   In this case, we simply check that the sum of all the edges
+      //   is the same as BB's weight. If not, we change BB's weight
+      //   to match. Additionally, if BB had not been visited before,
+      //   we mark it visited.
+      //
+      // - Only one edge is unknown and BB has already been visited.
+      //   In this case, we can compute the weight of the edge by
+      //   subtracting the total block weight from all the known
+      //   edge weights. If the edges weight more than BB, then the
+      //   edge of the last remaining edge is set to zero.
+      //
+      // - There exists a self-referential edge and the weight of BB is
+      //   known. In this case, this edge can be based on BB's weight.
+      //   We add up all the other known edges and set the weight on
+      //   the self-referential edge as we did in the previous case.
+      //
+      // In any other case, we must continue iterating. Eventually,
+      // all edges will get a weight, or iteration will stop when
+      // it reaches SampleProfileMaxPropagateIterations.
+      if (NumUnknownEdges <= 1) {
+        uint64_t &BBWeight = BlockWeights[EC];
+        if (NumUnknownEdges == 0) {
+          if (!VisitedBlocks.count(EC)) {
+            // If we already know the weight of all edges, the weight of the
+            // basic block can be computed. It should be no larger than the sum
+            // of all edge weights.
+            if (TotalWeight > BBWeight) {
+              BBWeight = TotalWeight;
+              Changed = true;
+              LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "All edge weights for " << BB->getName()
+                                << " known. Set weight for block: ";
+                         printBlockWeight(dbgs(), BB););
+            }
+          } else if (NumTotalEdges == 1 &&
+                     EdgeWeights[SingleEdge] < BlockWeights[EC]) {
+            // If there is only one edge for the visited basic block, use the
+            // block weight to adjust edge weight if edge weight is smaller.
+            EdgeWeights[SingleEdge] = BlockWeights[EC];
+            Changed = true;
+          }
+        } else if (NumUnknownEdges == 1 && VisitedBlocks.count(EC)) {
+          // If there is a single unknown edge and the block has been
+          // visited, then we can compute E's weight.
+          if (BBWeight >= TotalWeight)
+            EdgeWeights[UnknownEdge] = BBWeight - TotalWeight;
+          else
+            EdgeWeights[UnknownEdge] = 0;
+          const BasicBlock *OtherEC;
+          if (i == 0)
+            OtherEC = EquivalenceClass[UnknownEdge.first];
+          else
+            OtherEC = EquivalenceClass[UnknownEdge.second];
+          // Edge weights should never exceed the BB weights it connects.
+          if (VisitedBlocks.count(OtherEC) &&
+              EdgeWeights[UnknownEdge] > BlockWeights[OtherEC])
+            EdgeWeights[UnknownEdge] = BlockWeights[OtherEC];
+          VisitedEdges.insert(UnknownEdge);
+          Changed = true;
+          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Set weight for edge: ";
+                     printEdgeWeight(dbgs(), UnknownEdge));
+        }
+      } else if (VisitedBlocks.count(EC) && BlockWeights[EC] == 0) {
+        // If a block Weights 0, all its in/out edges should weight 0.
+        if (i == 0) {
+          for (auto *Pred : Predecessors[BB]) {
+            Edge E = std::make_pair(Pred, BB);
+            EdgeWeights[E] = 0;
+            VisitedEdges.insert(E);
+          }
+        } else {
+          for (auto *Succ : Successors[BB]) {
+            Edge E = std::make_pair(BB, Succ);
+            EdgeWeights[E] = 0;
+            VisitedEdges.insert(E);
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (SelfReferentialEdge.first && VisitedBlocks.count(EC)) {
+        uint64_t &BBWeight = BlockWeights[BB];
+        // We have a self-referential edge and the weight of BB is known.
+        if (BBWeight >= TotalWeight)
+          EdgeWeights[SelfReferentialEdge] = BBWeight - TotalWeight;
+        else
+          EdgeWeights[SelfReferentialEdge] = 0;
+        VisitedEdges.insert(SelfReferentialEdge);
+        Changed = true;
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Set self-referential edge weight to: ";
+                   printEdgeWeight(dbgs(), SelfReferentialEdge));
+      }
+      if (UpdateBlockCount && !VisitedBlocks.count(EC) && TotalWeight > 0) {
+        BlockWeights[EC] = TotalWeight;
+        VisitedBlocks.insert(EC);
+        Changed = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Changed;
+}
+
+/// Build in/out edge lists for each basic block in the CFG.
+///
+/// We are interested in unique edges. If a block B1 has multiple
+/// edges to another block B2, we only add a single B1->B2 edge.
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::buildEdges(Function &F) {
+  for (auto &BI : F) {
+    BasicBlock *B1 = &BI;
+
+    // Add predecessors for B1.
+    SmallPtrSet<BasicBlock *, 16> Visited;
+    if (!Predecessors[B1].empty())
+      llvm_unreachable("Found a stale predecessors list in a basic block.");
+    for (BasicBlock *B2 : predecessors(B1))
+      if (Visited.insert(B2).second)
+        Predecessors[B1].push_back(B2);
+
+    // Add successors for B1.
+    Visited.clear();
+    if (!Successors[B1].empty())
+      llvm_unreachable("Found a stale successors list in a basic block.");
+    for (BasicBlock *B2 : successors(B1))
+      if (Visited.insert(B2).second)
+        Successors[B1].push_back(B2);
+  }
+}
+
+/// Propagate weights into edges
+///
+/// The following rules are applied to every block BB in the CFG:
+///
+/// - If BB has a single predecessor/successor, then the weight
+///   of that edge is the weight of the block.
+///
+/// - If all incoming or outgoing edges are known except one, and the
+///   weight of the block is already known, the weight of the unknown
+///   edge will be the weight of the block minus the sum of all the known
+///   edges. If the sum of all the known edges is larger than BB's weight,
+///   we set the unknown edge weight to zero.
+///
+/// - If there is a self-referential edge, and the weight of the block is
+///   known, the weight for that edge is set to the weight of the block
+///   minus the weight of the other incoming edges to that block (if
+///   known).
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::propagateWeights(Function &F) {
+  bool Changed = true;
+  unsigned I = 0;
+
+  // If BB weight is larger than its corresponding loop's header BB weight,
+  // use the BB weight to replace the loop header BB weight.
+  for (auto &BI : F) {
+    BasicBlock *BB = &BI;
+    Loop *L = LI->getLoopFor(BB);
+    if (!L) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    BasicBlock *Header = L->getHeader();
+    if (Header && BlockWeights[BB] > BlockWeights[Header]) {
+      BlockWeights[Header] = BlockWeights[BB];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Before propagation starts, build, for each block, a list of
+  // unique predecessors and successors. This is necessary to handle
+  // identical edges in multiway branches. Since we visit all blocks and all
+  // edges of the CFG, it is cleaner to build these lists once at the start
+  // of the pass.
+  buildEdges(F);
+
+  // Propagate until we converge or we go past the iteration limit.
+  while (Changed && I++ < SampleProfileMaxPropagateIterations) {
+    Changed = propagateThroughEdges(F, false);
+  }
+
+  // The first propagation propagates BB counts from annotated BBs to unknown
+  // BBs. The 2nd propagation pass resets edges weights, and use all BB weights
+  // to propagate edge weights.
+  VisitedEdges.clear();
+  Changed = true;
+  while (Changed && I++ < SampleProfileMaxPropagateIterations) {
+    Changed = propagateThroughEdges(F, false);
+  }
+
+  // The 3rd propagation pass allows adjust annotated BB weights that are
+  // obviously wrong.
+  Changed = true;
+  while (Changed && I++ < SampleProfileMaxPropagateIterations) {
+    Changed = propagateThroughEdges(F, true);
+  }
+}
+
+/// Generate branch weight metadata for all branches in \p F.
+///
+/// Branch weights are computed out of instruction samples using a
+/// propagation heuristic. Propagation proceeds in 3 phases:
+///
+/// 1- Assignment of block weights. All the basic blocks in the function
+///    are initial assigned the same weight as their most frequently
+///    executed instruction.
+///
+/// 2- Creation of equivalence classes. Since samples may be missing from
+///    blocks, we can fill in the gaps by setting the weights of all the
+///    blocks in the same equivalence class to the same weight. To compute
+///    the concept of equivalence, we use dominance and loop information.
+///    Two blocks B1 and B2 are in the same equivalence class if B1
+///    dominates B2, B2 post-dominates B1 and both are in the same loop.
+///
+/// 3- Propagation of block weights into edges. This uses a simple
+///    propagation heuristic. The following rules are applied to every
+///    block BB in the CFG:
+///
+///    - If BB has a single predecessor/successor, then the weight
+///      of that edge is the weight of the block.
+///
+///    - If all the edges are known except one, and the weight of the
+///      block is already known, the weight of the unknown edge will
+///      be the weight of the block minus the sum of all the known
+///      edges. If the sum of all the known edges is larger than BB's weight,
+///      we set the unknown edge weight to zero.
+///
+///    - If there is a self-referential edge, and the weight of the block is
+///      known, the weight for that edge is set to the weight of the block
+///      minus the weight of the other incoming edges to that block (if
+///      known).
+///
+/// Since this propagation is not guaranteed to finalize for every CFG, we
+/// only allow it to proceed for a limited number of iterations (controlled
+/// by -sample-profile-max-propagate-iterations).
+///
+/// FIXME: Try to replace this propagation heuristic with a scheme
+/// that is guaranteed to finalize. A work-list approach similar to
+/// the standard value propagation algorithm used by SSA-CCP might
+/// work here.
+///
+/// \param F The function to query.
+///
+/// \returns true if \p F was modified. Returns false, otherwise.
+bool SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::computeAndPropagateWeights(
+    Function &F, const DenseSet<GlobalValue::GUID> &InlinedGUIDs) {
+  bool Changed = (InlinedGUIDs.size() != 0);
+
+  // Compute basic block weights.
+  Changed |= computeBlockWeights(F);
+
+  if (Changed) {
+    // Add an entry count to the function using the samples gathered at the
+    // function entry.
+    // Sets the GUIDs that are inlined in the profiled binary. This is used
+    // for ThinLink to make correct liveness analysis, and also make the IR
+    // match the profiled binary before annotation.
+    F.setEntryCount(
+        ProfileCount(Samples->getHeadSamples() + 1, Function::PCT_Real),
+        &InlinedGUIDs);
+
+    // Compute dominance and loop info needed for propagation.
+    computeDominanceAndLoopInfo(F);
+
+    // Find equivalence classes.
+    findEquivalenceClasses(F);
+
+    // Propagate weights to all edges.
+    propagateWeights(F);
+  }
+
+  return Changed;
+}
+
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::emitCoverageRemarks(Function &F) {
+  // If coverage checking was requested, compute it now.
+  if (SampleProfileRecordCoverage) {
+    unsigned Used = CoverageTracker.countUsedRecords(Samples, PSI);
+    unsigned Total = CoverageTracker.countBodyRecords(Samples, PSI);
+    unsigned Coverage = CoverageTracker.computeCoverage(Used, Total);
+    if (Coverage < SampleProfileRecordCoverage) {
+      F.getContext().diagnose(DiagnosticInfoSampleProfile(
+          F.getSubprogram()->getFilename(), getFunctionLoc(F),
+          Twine(Used) + " of " + Twine(Total) + " available profile records (" 
+
+              Twine(Coverage) + "%) were applied",
+          DS_Warning));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (SampleProfileSampleCoverage) {
+    uint64_t Used = CoverageTracker.getTotalUsedSamples();
+    uint64_t Total = CoverageTracker.countBodySamples(Samples, PSI);
+    unsigned Coverage = CoverageTracker.computeCoverage(Used, Total);
+    if (Coverage < SampleProfileSampleCoverage) {
+      F.getContext().diagnose(DiagnosticInfoSampleProfile(
+          F.getSubprogram()->getFilename(), getFunctionLoc(F),
+          Twine(Used) + " of " + Twine(Total) + " available profile samples (" 
+
+              Twine(Coverage) + "%) were applied",
+          DS_Warning));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// Get the line number for the function header.
+///
+/// This looks up function \p F in the current compilation unit and
+/// retrieves the line number where the function is defined. This is
+/// line 0 for all the samples read from the profile file. Every line
+/// number is relative to this line.
+///
+/// \param F  Function object to query.
+///
+/// \returns the line number where \p F is defined. If it returns 0,
+///          it means that there is no debug information available for \p F.
+unsigned SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::getFunctionLoc(Function &F) {
+  if (DISubprogram *S = F.getSubprogram())
+    return S->getLine();
+
+  if (NoWarnSampleUnused)
+    return 0;
+
+  // If the start of \p F is missing, emit a diagnostic to inform the user
+  // about the missed opportunity.
+  F.getContext().diagnose(DiagnosticInfoSampleProfile(
+      "No debug information found in function " + F.getName() +
+          ": Function profile not used",
+      DS_Warning));
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void SampleProfileLoaderBaseImpl::computeDominanceAndLoopInfo(Function &F) {
+  DT.reset(new DominatorTree);
+  DT->recalculate(F);
+
+  PDT.reset(new PostDominatorTree(F));
+
+  LI.reset(new LoopInfo);
+  LI->analyze(*DT);
+}
+
+#undef DEBUG_TYPE
+
+} // namespace llvm
+#endif // LLVM_TRANSFORMS_IPO_SAMPLEPROFILELOADERIMPL_H
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseUtil.h 
b/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseUtil.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..37dc8d8187d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/SampleProfileLoaderBaseUtil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+////===- SampleProfileLoadBaseUtil.h - Profile loader util func --*- 
C++-*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM 
Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+/// \file
+/// This file provides the utility functions for the sampled PGO loader base
+/// implementation.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_TRANSFORMS_IPO_SAMPLEPROFILELOADERUTIL_H
+#define LLVM_TRANSFORMS_IPO_SAMPLEPROFILELOADERUTIL_H
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/ProfileSummaryInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/DebugLoc.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/ProfileData/SampleProf.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+
+namespace llvm {
+using namespace sampleprof;
+
+extern cl::opt<unsigned> SampleProfileMaxPropagateIterations;
+extern cl::opt<unsigned> SampleProfileRecordCoverage;
+extern cl::opt<unsigned> SampleProfileSampleCoverage;
+extern cl::opt<bool> NoWarnSampleUnused;
+
+namespace sampleprofutil {
+
+class SampleCoverageTracker {
+public:
+  bool markSamplesUsed(const FunctionSamples *FS, uint32_t LineOffset,
+                       uint32_t Discriminator, uint64_t Samples);
+  unsigned computeCoverage(unsigned Used, unsigned Total) const;
+  unsigned countUsedRecords(const FunctionSamples *FS,
+                            ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI) const;
+  unsigned countBodyRecords(const FunctionSamples *FS,
+                            ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI) const;
+  uint64_t getTotalUsedSamples() const { return TotalUsedSamples; }
+  uint64_t countBodySamples(const FunctionSamples *FS,
+                            ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI) const;
+
+  void clear() {
+    SampleCoverage.clear();
+    TotalUsedSamples = 0;
+  }
+  void setProfAccForSymsInList(bool V) { ProfAccForSymsInList = V; }
+
+private:
+  using BodySampleCoverageMap = std::map<LineLocation, unsigned>;
+  using FunctionSamplesCoverageMap =
+      DenseMap<const FunctionSamples *, BodySampleCoverageMap>;
+
+  /// Coverage map for sampling records.
+  ///
+  /// This map keeps a record of sampling records that have been matched to
+  /// an IR instruction. This is used to detect some form of staleness in
+  /// profiles (see flag -sample-profile-check-coverage).
+  ///
+  /// Each entry in the map corresponds to a FunctionSamples instance.  This is
+  /// another map that counts how many times the sample record at the
+  /// given location has been used.
+  FunctionSamplesCoverageMap SampleCoverage;
+
+  /// Number of samples used from the profile.
+  ///
+  /// When a sampling record is used for the first time, the samples from
+  /// that record are added to this accumulator.  Coverage is later computed
+  /// based on the total number of samples available in this function and
+  /// its callsites.
+  ///
+  /// Note that this accumulator tracks samples used from a single function
+  /// and all the inlined callsites. Strictly, we should have a map of counters
+  /// keyed by FunctionSamples pointers, but these stats are cleared after
+  /// every function, so we just need to keep a single counter.
+  uint64_t TotalUsedSamples = 0;
+
+  // For symbol in profile symbol list, whether to regard their profiles
+  // to be accurate. This is passed from the SampleLoader instance.
+  bool ProfAccForSymsInList = false;
+};
+
+/// Return true if the given callsite is hot wrt to hot cutoff threshold.
+bool callsiteIsHot(const FunctionSamples *CallsiteFS, ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI,
+                   bool ProfAccForSymsInList);
+
+} // end of namespace sampleprofutil
+} // end of namespace llvm
+
+#endif // LLVM_TRANSFORMS_IPO_SAMPLEPROFILELOADERUTIL_H
diff --git a/llvm/lib/ProfileData/CMakeLists.txt 
b/llvm/lib/ProfileData/CMakeLists.txt
index 2a377e4d74d3..4125fac918ab 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/ProfileData/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/llvm/lib/ProfileData/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ add_llvm_component_library(LLVMProfileData
   InstrProfWriter.cpp
   ProfileSummaryBuilder.cpp
</cut>
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