On Fri, Aug 11, 2017 at 1:34 PM, Godmar Back <god...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Is this the wrong mailing list to ask the question then?
Perhaps, but maybe you will get a response on Monday from someone in
Europe that didn't see it today.
> Normally, libraries are decomposed into individual .o files to avoid exactly
> this phenomenon where an undefined reference to function X pulls in
> definitions of functions Y, Z, etc. which then cause a chain of dependencies
> to other .o files the linker must resolve. Is libstdc++ different in this
> respect?
> Because otherwise, features would only be pulled in if required, and that's
> a much more manageable problem.
Yes, of course, if you static link, then you only get the .o files
that you need. But as I mentioned before, a lot of C++ features
depend on other C++ features. A simple hello world program compiled
and statically linked is over 2MB.
palantir:2089$ cat tmp.cc
#include <iostream>
int
main (void)
{
std::cout << "Hello world\n";
return 0;
}
palantir:2090$ g++ -static tmp.cc
palantir:2091$ ls -lt a.out
-rwxrwxr-x 1 wilson wilson 2181416 Aug 11 14:03 a.out
palantir:2092$
We can see all of the object files being pulled in if we pass the
--verbose option to the linker. There are 92 of them.
palantir:2092$ g++ -static tmp.cc -Wl,--verbose | grep libstdc
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a succeeded
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ios_init.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)globals_io.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ios-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ext11-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ostream-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)wlocale-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ios.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cow-wstring-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)istream-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)functexcept.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cow-stdexcept.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)streambuf-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_throw.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_exception.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_personality.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)del_op.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_catch.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_aux_runtime.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)bad_typeid.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)bad_cast.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)si_class_type_info.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_call.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)new_opv.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)pure.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)tinfo.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)class_type_info.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)new_op.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)new_handler.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)vmi_class_type_info.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)del_opv.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_alloc.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_terminate.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_globals.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)bad_alloc.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)dyncast.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)locale.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)istream.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)locale_facets.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)time_members.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)locale_init.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)stdexcept.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)c++locale.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)monetary_members_cow.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)numeric_members.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)basic_file.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ios_locale.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)streambuf.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)messages_members_cow.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)numeric_members_cow.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)codecvt.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cow-istream-string.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)codecvt_members.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)collate_members_cow.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ctype.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)string-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cxx11-locale-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)locale-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cxx11-wlocale-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cow-string-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)snprintf_lite.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)fstream-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cxx11-stdexcept.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)system_error.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cow-shim_facets.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cow-locale_init.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ctype_configure_char.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)functional.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)ctype_members.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cxx11-shim_facets.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)wstring-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)future.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)regex.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)lt1-codecvt.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cxx11-ios_failure.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)iostream-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)compatibility.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)bad_array_new.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)guard.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_unex_handler.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_ptr.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_term_handler.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)monetary_members.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)misc-inst.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)istream-string.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)collate_members.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)messages_members.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)futex.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)condition_variable.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)guard_error.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)vterminate.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)eh_type.o
(/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a)cp-demangle.o
palantir:2093$
Perhaps there are other things that can be used that have smaller
requirements, but in general, the C++ library is not designed for
small slices. Everything depends on everything else, and it is best
to use shared linking and use the whole thing as a single unit.
Jim
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