I also get this issue, but with the -realtime kernel. 

Linux version 6.8.1-1026-realtime (buildd@lcy02-amd64-061)
(x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04) 13.3.0

Intel E810-C NIC.   I tried a couple different ice driver versions.

EAL: Selected IOVA mode 'VA'
EAL: VFIO support initialized
EAL: Using IOMMU type 1 (Type 1)
EAL: Getting a vfio_dev_fd for 0000:01:11.0 failed

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2118903

Title:
  Cannot use VFs with DPDK on Ubuntu kernels

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released

Bug description:
  When running DPDK on Ubuntu, we can no longer use virtual function
  (VF) devices. VFIO framework is giving errors. Tested with Intel E810
  and XL710 NICs.

  After creating a VF on each NIC, and then binding those NICs to vfio-
  pci for DPDK use as normal, when we actually try running DPDK to use
  those NICs, we get the error e.g "Getting a vfio_dev_fd for
  0000:41:01.0 failed". This error is due to a failure of ioctl() call
  "VFIO_GROUP_GET_DEVICE_FD" on the vfio group for the VF device.

  Thus far, we have only been able to reproduce this issue with Ubuntu
  kernels. While far from a kernel expert, and so may have missed some
  settings, the follow are what has been tested:

  * Ubuntu kernels shipped with Ubuntu 25.04 - FAIL
  * Using a kernel built from latest kernel.org source - WORKS ok
  * Using a 6.14 stock kernel build from kernel.org sources - WORKS ok
  * Using a stock kernel built using the config copied from the 6.14 Ubuntu 
source package - WORKS ok
  * Manually built kernel using the 6.14 Ubuntu sources [tested with the 
VFIO_DEVICE_CDEV on and off] - FAIL
  * Using an Ubuntu-mainline-kernel package 6.15.8-061508-generic - WORKS ok

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