Reading this bug-report the issue seems to be that dell-uart-backlight
is non-functional in the 6.5.y kernels and completely missing in the
24.04 6.8.y kernels. While in Ubuntu 23.04 with its 6.2 kernel dell-
uart-backlight is present and functional.

The problem is that Canonical / Ubuntu wrote the original dell-uart-
backlight driver but the way it accessed the serial port was rather
hacky so it was never accepted upstream and it seems that when rebasing
to a new kernel Ubuntu dropped their downstream patch (after it broken
in 6.5.y ?).

After I received the first bug reports about backlight issues on Dell
AIO systems a few months ago I have re-written the dell-uart-backlight
driver and submitted it upstream, this new rewrite was accepted upstream
in kernel 6.10 .

So I expect that backlight control will start working again for you if you 
upgrade
to kernel 6.10 or newer.

I'm not an Ubuntu user myself, but there are unmodified mainline kernels
available for Ubuntu which allow you to update to 6.10.y without waiting
for Ubuntu to move to this kernel version. Here are some docs on this:

https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-linux-kernel-ubuntu/
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2067498

Title:
  Can't control display backlight in 24.04 on Dell AIO system

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  Ubuntu 23.10/24.04
  Dell Inspiron 7700 AIO
  6.5.0-35-generic/6.8.0-31-generic
  X11

  https://askubuntu.com/questions/1514988/backlight-brightness-not-
  working-in-ubuntu-23-10-24-04-on-dell-7700-aio

  lsb_release -rd
  No LSB modules are available.
  Description: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
  Release: 24.04

  dell-uart-backlight kernel driver isn't in the 24.04 distribution, so
  NO Dell AIO display backlights can be adjusted. No brightness slider
  appears. (dell-uart-backlight is in the 23.10 distribution, but
  backlight/brightness slider control doesn't work 100% properly).

  Works fine in 23.04.

  ls -alR /lib/modules/6.5.0-35-generic/ | grep dell
  -rw-r--r--   1 root root 13689 Apr 26 02:32 dell-smm-hwmon.ko.zst
  drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 May 15 19:10 dell
  /lib/modules/6.5.0-35-generic/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/dell:
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18647 Apr 26 02:32 dell-laptop.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6158 Apr 26 02:32 dell-rbtn.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  8431 Apr 26 02:32 dell_rbu.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13963 Apr 26 02:32 dell-smbios.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4432 Apr 26 02:32 dell-smo8800.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7762 Apr 26 02:32 dell-uart-backlight.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3799 Apr 26 02:32 dell-wmi-aio.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  9209 Apr 26 02:32 dell-wmi-ddv.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4532 Apr 26 02:32 dell-wmi-descriptor.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11198 Apr 26 02:32 dell-wmi.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3115 Apr 26 02:32 dell-wmi-led.ko.zst
  drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May 15 19:10 dell-wmi-sysman
  
/lib/modules/6.5.0-35-generic/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/dell/dell-wmi-sysman:
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18312 Apr 26 02:32 dell-wmi-sysman.ko.zst

  ls -alR /lib/modules/6.8.0-31-generic/ | grep dell
  -rw-r--r--   1 root root 15140 Apr 19 14:46 dell-smm-hwmon.ko.zst
  drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 May 25 10:15 dell
  /lib/modules/6.8.0-31-generic/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/dell:
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18629 Apr 19 14:46 dell-laptop.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6180 Apr 19 14:46 dell-rbtn.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  8582 Apr 19 14:46 dell_rbu.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14726 Apr 19 14:46 dell-smbios.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4433 Apr 19 14:46 dell-smo8800.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3790 Apr 19 14:46 dell-wmi-aio.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  9166 Apr 19 14:46 dell-wmi-ddv.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4492 Apr 19 14:46 dell-wmi-descriptor.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11306 Apr 19 14:46 dell-wmi.ko.zst
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3108 Apr 19 14:46 dell-wmi-led.ko.zst
  drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May 25 10:15 dell-wmi-sysman
  
/lib/modules/6.8.0-31-generic/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/dell/dell-wmi-sysman:
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18307 Apr 19 14:46 dell-wmi-sysman.ko.zst

  dup: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/2067497

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 24.04
  Package: linux-image-6.8.0-31-generic 6.8.0-31.31
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 6.8.0-31.31-generic 6.8.1
  Uname: Linux 6.8.0-31-generic x86_64
  NonfreeKernelModules: nvidia_modeset nvidia
  ApportVersion: 2.28.1-0ubuntu3
  Architecture: amd64
  AudioDevicesInUse:
   USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
   /dev/snd/seq:        al         3689 F.... pipewire
   /dev/snd/controlC1:  al         3696 F.... wireplumber
   /dev/snd/controlC0:  al         3696 F.... wireplumber
  CasperMD5CheckResult: pass
  CurrentDesktop: ubuntu:GNOME
  Date: Wed May 29 08:32:16 2024
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2021-09-25 (978 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 21.04 "Hirsute Hippo" - Release amd64 (20210420)
  MachineType: Dell Inc. Inspiron 7700 AIO
  ProcEnviron:
   LANG=en_US.UTF-8
   PATH=(custom, no user)
   SHELL=/bin/bash
   TERM=xterm-256color
   XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
  ProcFB: 0 i915drmfb
  ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-31-generic 
root=UUID=f0db2226-e28d-46dd-9b5a-457c87987ed2 ro quiet splash ipv6.disable=1 
acpi_backlight=vendor acpi_osi=Linux vt.handoff=7
  RelatedPackageVersions:
   linux-restricted-modules-6.8.0-31-generic N/A
   linux-backports-modules-6.8.0-31-generic  N/A
   linux-firmware                            20240318.git3b128b60-0ubuntu2
  SourcePackage: linux
  UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to noble on 2024-05-25 (4 days ago)
  dmi.bios.date: 03/27/2024
  dmi.bios.release: 1.28
  dmi.bios.vendor: Dell Inc.
  dmi.bios.version: 1.28.0
  dmi.board.name: 0K9T56
  dmi.board.vendor: Dell Inc.
  dmi.board.version: A00
  dmi.chassis.type: 13
  dmi.chassis.vendor: Dell Inc.
  dmi.modalias: 
dmi:bvnDellInc.:bvr1.28.0:bd03/27/2024:br1.28:svnDellInc.:pnInspiron7700AIO:pvr:rvnDellInc.:rn0K9T56:rvrA00:cvnDellInc.:ct13:cvr:sku0A07:
  dmi.product.family: Inspiron
  dmi.product.name: Inspiron 7700 AIO
  dmi.product.sku: 0A07
  dmi.sys.vendor: Dell Inc.

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