I'm trying to break this down further:

This block is the set of keys which I've included the byte output for in
a reply further back, repeated for clarity. This block is currently not
interpreted by the kernel as anything I guess due to the vendor specific
page:

0x06, 0x31, 0xFF, // Usage Page (Vendor Defined 0xFF31)
0x09, 0x76, // Usage (0x76)
0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application)
0x85, 0x5A, // Report ID (90)
0x19, 0x00, // Usage Minimum (0x00)
0x2A, 0xFF, 0x00, // Usage Maximum (0xFF)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, // Logical Maximum (255)
0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8)
0x95, 0x05, // Report Count (5)
0x81, 0x00, // Input (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null 
Position)
0x19, 0x00, // Usage Minimum (0x00)
0x2A, 0xFF, 0x00, // Usage Maximum (0xFF)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, // Logical Maximum (255)
0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8)
0x95, 0x3F, // Report Count (63)
0xB1, 0x00, // Feature (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null 
Position,Non-volatile)
0xC0, // End Collection


while the ROG key gives:
[90, 56, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Fan:
[90, 174, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Backlight-off:
[90, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Backlight-down:
[90, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Backlight-up:
[90, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Touchpad-toggle:
[90, 107, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Sleep:
[90, 108, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Airplane-toggle:
[90, 136, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Keyboard backlight up:
[90, 196, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Keyboard backlight down:
[90, 197, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Aura-prev:
[90, 178, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Aura-next:
[90, 179, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]


This block is functioning fine as a consumer device:

0x05, 0x0C, // Usage Page (Consumer)
0x09, 0x01, // Usage (Consumer Control)
0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application)
0x85, 0x02, // Report ID (2)
0x19, 0x00, // Usage Minimum (Unassigned)
0x2A, 0x3C, 0x02, // Usage Maximum (AC Format)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x26, 0x3C, 0x02, // Logical Maximum (572)
0x75, 0x10, // Report Size (16)
0x95, 0x02, // Report Count (2)
0x81, 0x00, // Input (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null 
Position)
0xC0, // End Collection


This block has I/O. 0x5D, // Report ID (93) is the LED backlight for the
keyboard. The Backlight controller I think writes back the input data.

0x06, 0x31, 0xFF, // Usage Page (Vendor Defined 0xFF31)
0x09, 0x79, // Usage (0x79)
0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application)
0x85, 0x5D, // Report ID (93)
0x19, 0x00, // Usage Minimum (0x00)
0x2A, 0xFF, 0x00, // Usage Maximum (0xFF)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, // Logical Maximum (255)
0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8)
0x95, 0x1F, // Report Count (31)
0x81, 0x00, // Input (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null 
Position)
0x19, 0x00, // Usage Minimum (0x00)
0x2A, 0xFF, 0x00, // Usage Maximum (0xFF)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, // Logical Maximum (255)
0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8)
0x95, 0x3F, // Report Count (63)
0x91, 0x00, // Output (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null 
Position,Non-volatile)
0x19, 0x00, // Usage Minimum (0x00)
0x2A, 0xFF, 0x00, // Usage Maximum (0xFF)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, // Logical Maximum (255)
0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8)
0x95, 0x3F, // Report Count (63)
0xB1, 0x00, // Feature (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null 
Position,Non-volatile)
0xC0, // End Collection



I don't know what this block is. HID descriptors are a little confusing to look 
at:

0x06, 0x31, 0xFF, // Usage Page (Vendor Defined 0xFF31)
    0x09, 0x80, // Usage (0x80)
    0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application)
    0x85, 0x5E, //   Report ID (94)
    0x19, 0x00, //   Usage Minimum (0x00)
    0x2A, 0xFF, 0x00, //   Usage Maximum (0xFF)
    0x15, 0x00, //   Logical Minimum (0)
    0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, //   Logical Maximum (255)
    0x75, 0x08, //   Report Size (8)
    0x95, 0x05, //   Report Count (5)
    0x81, 0x00, //   Input (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No 
Null Position)
    0x19, 0x00, //   Usage Minimum (0x00)
    0x2A, 0xFF, 0x00, //   Usage Maximum (0xFF)
    0x15, 0x00, //   Logical Minimum (0)
    0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, //   Logical Maximum (255)
    0x75, 0x08, //   Report Size (8)
    0x95, 0x3F, //   Report Count (63)
    0xB1,
    0x00, //   Feature (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null 
Position,Non-volatile)
    0xC0, // End Collection


It would be reasonably easy to have the kernel catch the Aura/Keyb-light keys 
and divert those to control the keyboard LEDS I hope. A handful of keys don't 
appear to have matching HID descriptors that I can see (mic-mute, screen-off, 
fan, trackpad, plane-mode) so they likely need internal kernel calls?


Again, I'm willing to put in the work for this, including trying to get fan 
control/performance mode or similar, if someone can mentor me.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1802652

Title:
  keyboard backlight not working on Asus GM501

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  The keyboard lights and most of the F keys aren't working.
  Kernel = 4.15.0-20-generic
  System linux mint 19

  ls -hal /sys/class/leds/
  total 0
  drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 .
  drwxr-xr-x 72 root root 0 Nov 10 15:43 ..
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:43 asus::lightbar -> 
../../devices/platform/asus-nb-wmi/leds/asus::lightbar
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 asus-wireless::airplane -> 
../../devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/ATK4002:00/leds/asus-wireless::airplane
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input4::capslock -> 
../../devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input4/input4::capslock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input4::numlock -> 
../../devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input4/input4::numlock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input4::scrolllock -> 
../../devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input4/input4::scrolllock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input7::capslock -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.0/0003:0B05:1866.0001/input/input7/input7::capslock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input7::compose -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.0/0003:0B05:1866.0001/input/input7/input7::compose
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input7::kana -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.0/0003:0B05:1866.0001/input/input7/input7::kana
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input7::numlock -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.0/0003:0B05:1866.0001/input/input7/input7::numlock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input7::scrolllock -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.0/0003:0B05:1866.0001/input/input7/input7::scrolllock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input8::capslock -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.1/0003:0B05:1866.0002/input/input8/input8::capslock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input8::compose -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.1/0003:0B05:1866.0002/input/input8/input8::compose
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input8::kana -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.1/0003:0B05:1866.0002/input/input8/input8::kana
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input8::numlock -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.1/0003:0B05:1866.0002/input/input8/input8::numlock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 input8::scrolllock -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.1/0003:0B05:1866.0002/input/input8/input8::scrolllock
  lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 0 Nov 10 15:47 phy0-led -> 
../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.3/leds/phy0-led

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