I get the same problem with kernel 3.13.0-103-generic on Ubuntu 14.04.5

I can reproduce it easily with this script (ssd1 is a volume group, and
sdb is a whole disk that already has bcache with writeback enabled).


(
csetuuid=$(bcache-super-show /dev/ssd1/bcache_sdb | awk '$1 == "cset.uuid" 
{print $2}')
echo "$csetuuid" > /sys/block/bcache0/bcache/detach
[ -n "$csetuuid" ] && echo 1 > /sys/fs/bcache/"$csetuuid"/stop
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ssd1/bcache_sdb bs=1M count=1
make-bcache -C /dev/ssd1/bcache_sdb
echo /dev/ssd1/bcache_sdb > /sys/fs/bcache/register
csetuuid=$(bcache-super-show /dev/ssd1/bcache_sdb | awk '$1 == "cset.uuid" 
{print $2}')
echo "$csetuuid" > /sys/block/bcache0/bcache/attach

bcache-super-show /dev/sdb
)


3,612,50699700,-;bcache: __cached_dev_store() Can't attach 
375f533e-0fbf-4fd9-9849-a0e4f10fd11c\x0a: cache set not found
5,613,50720567,-;bcache: run_cache_set() invalidating existing data
6,614,50729841,-;bcache: bch_cached_dev_attach() Caching sdb as bcache0 on set 
375f533e-0fbf-4fd9-9849-a0e4f10fd11c
6,615,50729857,-;bcache: register_cache() registered cache device dm-1
6,616,63752822,-;bcache: cached_dev_detach_finish() Caching disabled for sdb
6,617,63756250,-;bcache: cache_set_free() Cache set 
375f533e-0fbf-4fd9-9849-a0e4f10fd11c unregistered
1,618,63852168,-;BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 
0000000000000a00
1,619,63852267,-;IP: [<ffffffffa0070440>] journal_write_unlocked+0x130/0x570 
[bcache]
4,620,63852363,-;PGD 0 
4,621,63852391,-;Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP 
4,622,63852435,-;Modules linked in: ocfs2_dlmfs ocfs2_stack_o2cb ocfs2_dlm 
ocfs2_nodemanager ocfs2_stackglue configfs ppdev xfs serio_raw lpc_ich shpchp 
parport_pc mac_hid lp parport btrfs xor bcache raid6_pq libcrc32c psmouse ahci 
libahci virtio_scsi
4,623,63852702,-;CPU: 0 PID: 32 Comm: kworker/0:1 Not tainted 
3.13.0-103-generic #150-Ubuntu
4,624,63852759,-;Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 
1.10.0-20161027_200622-foutrelis 04/01/2014
4,625,63852836,-;Workqueue: events journal_write_work [bcache]
4,626,63852876,-;task: ffff88005c833000 ti: ffff88005c83a000 task.ti: 
ffff88005c83a000
4,627,63852929,-;RIP: 0010:[<ffffffffa0070440>]  [<ffffffffa0070440>] 
journal_write_unlocked+0x130/0x570 [bcache]
4,628,63853006,-;RSP: 0018:ffff88005c83bd88  EFLAGS: 00010202
4,629,63853044,-;RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff880058e6cba0 RCX: 
0000000000000000
4,630,63853094,-;RDX: ffff880058e60c48 RSI: ffff880058e6cad8 RDI: 
ffff880041808040
4,631,63853144,-;RBP: ffff88005c83bde0 R08: 2001639b2f400000 R09: 
5e80000000000000
4,632,63853193,-;R10: dffe246529a6cbd0 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 
0000000000000001
4,633,63853243,-;R13: ffff880058e6ccc8 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 
ffff880058e60000
4,634,63853294,-;FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88005fc00000(0000) 
knlGS:0000000000000000
4,635,63853350,-;CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
4,636,63853391,-;CR2: 0000000000000a00 CR3: 000000005a349000 CR4: 
00000000000006f0
4,637,63853444,-;Stack:
4,638,63853460,-; ffffffff810a0d78 ffff880058e60000 ffff88005c83bde8 
ffffffff81013558
4,639,63853522,-; 000000005c83bdf8 ffff88005c8334e8 ffff880058e60000 
ffff880058e6cba0
4,640,63853582,-; ffff88005fc16900 0000000000000000 ffff880058e6cbd0 
ffff88005c83be00
4,641,63853644,-;Call Trace:
4,642,63853667,-; [<ffffffff810a0d78>] ? sched_clock_cpu+0xa8/0x100
4,643,63853712,-; [<ffffffff81013558>] ? __switch_to+0xe8/0x4f0
4,644,63853790,-; [<ffffffffa00708d0>] journal_try_write+0x50/0x60 [bcache]
4,645,63855084,-; [<ffffffffa0070902>] journal_write_work+0x22/0x30 [bcache]
4,646,63856120,-; [<ffffffff81086fc8>] process_one_work+0x178/0x470
4,647,63856120,-; [<ffffffff81087de1>] worker_thread+0x121/0x410
4,648,63856120,-; [<ffffffff81087cc0>] ? rescuer_thread+0x430/0x430
4,649,63856120,-; [<ffffffff8108ebc9>] kthread+0xc9/0xe0
4,650,63856120,-; [<ffffffff8108eb00>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1c0/0x1c0
4,651,63856120,-; [<ffffffff8173d928>] ret_from_fork+0x58/0x90
4,652,63856120,-; [<ffffffff8108eb00>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1c0/0x1c0
4,653,63856120,-;Code: 10 00 00 00 e8 b2 86 30 e1 31 c0 66 83 bb 94 38 ff ff 00 
48 8b 8b a0 40 ff ff 49 8d 97 48 0c 00 00 74 3b 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 <48> 8b 
b9 00 0a 00 00 0f b7 89 ce 00 00 00 83 c0 01 49 8b 75 00 
1,654,63856120,-;RIP  [<ffffffffa0070440>] journal_write_unlocked+0x130/0x570 
[bcache]
4,655,63856120,-; RSP <ffff88005c83bd88>
4,656,63856120,-;CR2: 0000000000000a00
4,657,63856120,-;---[ end trace 2a39e8b0821fe990 ]---



And on kernel 4.4.0-51-generic (linux-image-generic-lts-xenial), instead of 
this, what happens when repeatedly running the above script is (much more 
rarely, usually only while there's io load) the link /sys/block/bcache0/bcache 
becomes broken and I can't seem to fix it without reboot.

6,1065,4763943994,-;bcache: bch_cached_dev_attach() Caching sdb as bcache0 on 
set f1ad8c4b-badb-4f17-a55f-719679886817
6,1066,4764286098,-;bcache: cached_dev_detach_finish() Caching disabled for sdb
6,1067,4764292801,-;bcache: cache_set_free() Cache set 
f1ad8c4b-badb-4f17-a55f-719679886817 unregistered
5,1068,4764330806,-;bcache: run_cache_set() invalidating existing data
6,1069,4764338346,-;bcache: register_cache() registered cache device dm-1
6,1070,4764342565,-;bcache: bch_cached_dev_attach() Caching sdb as bcache0 on 
set c332e002-021b-459d-b15f-919d01d6222e
6,1071,4764641572,-;bcache: cached_dev_detach_finish() Caching disabled for sdb
6,1072,4764647868,-;bcache: cache_set_free() Cache set 
c332e002-021b-459d-b15f-919d01d6222e unregistered
6,1073,4764648050,-;bcache: register_bcache() error opening 
/dev/ssd1/bcache_sdb: Not a bcache superblock
5,1074,4764944627,-;bcache: run_cache_set() invalidating existing data
6,1075,4764952544,-;bcache: register_cache() registered cache device dm-1
6,1076,4764956435,-;bcache: bch_cached_dev_attach() Caching sdb as bcache0 on 
set 97eab8e1-ef13-4f7d-ab12-823e9fcf443e
6,1077,4774637932,-;bcache: register_bcache() error opening 
/dev/ssd1/bcache_sdb: device already registered
6,1078,4774824790,-;bcache: cached_dev_detach_finish() Caching disabled for sdb
6,1079,4774828952,-;bcache: cache_set_free() Cache set 
97eab8e1-ef13-4f7d-ab12-823e9fcf443e unregistered
5,1080,4775086661,-;bcache: run_cache_set() invalidating existing data
6,1081,4775094966,-;bcache: register_cache() registered cache device dm-1
6,1082,4777033082,-;bcache: cache_set_free() Cache set 
4abf4565-90bf-4ace-ac1d-32e067e7af5c unregistered
5,1083,4777064506,-;bcache: run_cache_set() invalidating existing data
6,1084,4777070580,-;bcache: register_cache() registered cache device dm-1
6,1085,4777736620,-;bcache: cache_set_free() Cache set 
bc7ef43c-72c6-4287-b8a0-0d06dd017241 unregistered
5,1086,4777762411,-;bcache: run_cache_set() invalidating existing data
6,1087,4777769844,-;bcache: register_cache() registered cache device dm-1


# file /sys/block/bcache0/bcache
/sys/block/bcache0/bcache: broken symbolic link to 
`../../../pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/virtio0/host0/target0:0:1/0:0:1:0/block/sdb/bcache'

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1445273

Title:
  trusty amd64 kernel with bcache module panics on unregister

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Triaged

Bug description:
  We have a system with 3 block devices (SATA) split into  2 partitions
  each, and create RAID0 md0 (sda1, sdb1, sdc1), and RAID0 md1 (sda2,
  sdb2, sdc2).  We then create a bcache device on an SSD and set it to
  writeback mode, (/dev/bcache0).

  When we attempt to release/unregister the bcache device, it panics.
  Here's the release script and panic.

  #!/bin/bash -x

  sudo su - -c "echo 1 >/sys/fs/bcache/*-*-*-*-*/unregister"
  sudo su - -c "echo 1 >/sys/block/bcache0/bcache/stop"
  sudo mdadm --stop /dev/md0
  sudo mdadm --stop /dev/md1
  for dev in sda sdb sdc; do
          sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/${dev}1
          sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/${dev}2
          END="$(sudo blockdev --getsz /dev/${dev})"
          GPT_END=$(($END - 100))
          sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/${dev} bs=1M count=1
          sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/${dev} bs=512 seek=${GPT_END}
          sync
          sudo blockdev --rereadpt /dev/${dev}
  done
  sudo wipefs -a /dev/sdd
  cat /proc/partitions


  [  318.047616] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 
0000000000000a00
  [  318.055478] IP: [<ffffffffa0278280>] journal_write_unlocked+0x130/0x540 
[bcache]
  [  318.062889] PGD 0 
  [  318.064917] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP 
  [  318.068177] Modules linked in: btrfs raid6_pq xor ufs qnx4 hfsplus hfs 
minix ntfs msdos jfs xfs libcrc32c bcache raid0 raid1 ib_iser rdma_cm iw_cm 
ib_cm ib_sa ib_mad ib_core 
  ib_addr dm_crypt gpio_ich intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm joydev 
ioatdma i7core_edac shpchp serio_raw edac_core lpc_ich mac_hid dca overlayfs 
iscsi_tcp libiscsi_tcp libi
  scsi scsi_transport_iscsi hid_generic e1000e usbhid ptp ahci psmouse 
pata_acpi hid libahci pps_core                                                  
                            
  [  318.108586] CPU: 9 PID: 17196 Comm: kworker/9:2 Not tainted 
3.13.0-49-generic #81-Ubuntu
  [  318.116669] Hardware name: Supermicro X8DTT-H/X8DTT-H, BIOS 2.1b       
10/28/2011
  [  318.124147] Workqueue: events journal_write_work [bcache]
  [  318.129558] task: ffff880c1a6cc800 ti: ffff880c1b9c2000 task.ti: 
ffff880c1b9c2000
  [  318.137027] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffffa0278280>]  [<ffffffffa0278280>] 
journal_write_unlocked+0x130/0x540 [bcache]
  [  318.146866] RSP: 0018:ffff880c1b9c3d90  EFLAGS: 00010202
  [  318.152170] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 
0000000000000000
  [  318.159295] RDX: ffff880604560c48 RSI: ffff88060456cad8 RDI: 
ffff880606c70040
  [  318.166419] RBP: ffff880c1b9c3de8 R08: 2018115b2f400000 R09: 
5e80000000000000
  [  318.173542] R10: dfe776aad516cbd0 R11: 0000000000003d06 R12: 
0000000000000001
  [  318.180669] R13: ffff88060456cba0 R14: ffff88060456ccc8 R15: 
ffff880604560000
  [  318.187801] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff880c3fc60000(0000) 
knlGS:0000000000000000
  [  318.195879] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
  [  318.201616] CR2: 0000000000000a00 CR3: 0000000001c0e000 CR4: 
00000000000007e0
  [  318.208741] Stack:
  [  318.210751]  ffff88062780ac00 ffff880604560000 0000000000000000 
0000000000000240
  [  318.218205]  ffff880c1b9c3dc0 ffffffff81076108 ffff880604560000 
ffff88060456cba0
  [  318.225657]  ffff88060456cbd0 0000000000000000 0000000000000240 
ffff880c1b9c3e08
  [  318.233112] Call Trace:
  [  318.235564]  [<ffffffff81076108>] ? add_timer+0x18/0x20
  [  318.240790]  [<ffffffffa02786e0>] journal_try_write+0x50/0x60 [bcache]
  [  318.247316]  [<ffffffffa0278712>] journal_write_work+0x22/0x30 [bcache]
  [  318.253926]  [<ffffffff81083a82>] process_one_work+0x182/0x450
  [  318.259757]  [<ffffffff81084871>] worker_thread+0x121/0x410
  [  318.265331]  [<ffffffff81084750>] ? rescuer_thread+0x430/0x430
  [  318.271166]  [<ffffffff8108b5b2>] kthread+0xd2/0xf0
  [  318.276045]  [<ffffffff8108b4e0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1c0/0x1c0
  [  318.282571]  [<ffffffff8173258c>] ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
  [  318.287969]  [<ffffffff8108b4e0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1c0/0x1c0
  [  318.294494] Code: 00 00 e8 64 9f 0f e1 31 c0 66 41 83 bd 94 38 ff ff 00 49 
8b 8d a0 40 ff ff 49 8d 97 48 0c 00 00 74 3c 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 <48> 8b 
b9 00 0a 00 00 0f b7 89 ce 00 00 00 83 c0 01 49 8b 36 48 
  [  318.314445] RIP  [<ffffffffa0278280>] journal_write_unlocked+0x130/0x540 
[bcache]
  [  318.321943]  RSP <ffff880c1b9c3d90>
  [  318.325426] CR2: 0000000000000a00
  [  318.328740] ---[ end trace 66f8467ce2b49a92 ]---
  [  318.333407] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffffffffffffffd8
  [  318.340394] IP: [<ffffffff8108bc50>] kthread_data+0x10/0x20
  [  318.345985] PGD 1c11067 PUD 1c13067 PMD 0 
  [  318.350129] Oops: 0000 [#2] SMP 
  [  318.353388] Modules linked in: btrfs raid6_pq xor ufs qnx4 hfsplus hfs 
minix ntfs msdos jfs xfs libcrc32c bcache raid0 raid1 ib_iser rdma_cm iw_cm 
ib_cm ib_sa ib_mad ib_core ib_addr dm_crypt gpio_ich intel_powerclamp coretemp 
kvm_intel kvm joydev ioatdma i7core_edac shpchp serio_raw edac_core lpc_ich 
mac_hid dca overlayfs iscsi_tcp libiscsi_tcp libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi 
hid_generic e1000e usbhid ptp ahci psmouse pata_acpi hid libahci pps_core       
                                                                       
  [  318.393796] CPU: 9 PID: 17196 Comm: kworker/9:2 Tainted: G      D       
3.13.0-49-generic #81-Ubuntu
  [  318.402920] Hardware name: Supermicro X8DTT-H/X8DTT-H, BIOS 2.1b       
10/28/2011
  [  318.410401] task: ffff880c1a6cc800 ti: ffff880c1b9c2000 task.ti: 
ffff880c1b9c2000
  [  318.417873] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8108bc50>]  [<ffffffff8108bc50>] 
kthread_data+0x10/0x20
  [  318.425880] RSP: 0018:ffff880c1b9c39e8  EFLAGS: 00010002
  [  318.431184] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000009 RCX: 
000000000000000f
  [  318.438309] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000009 RDI: 
ffff880c1a6cc800
  [  318.445433] RBP: ffff880c1b9c39e8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 
ffff880c3fc77bc0
  [  318.452558] R10: ffffffff8133ff6a R11: ffffea00306b0ec0 R12: 
ffff880c3fc734c0
  [  318.459683] R13: 0000000000000009 R14: ffff880c1a6cc7f0 R15: 
ffff880c1a6cc800
  [  318.466808] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff880c3fc60000(0000) 
knlGS:0000000000000000
  [  318.474893] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
  [  318.480632] CR2: 0000000000000028 CR3: 0000000001c0e000 CR4: 
00000000000007e0
  [  318.487764] Stack:
  [  318.489775]  ffff880c1b9c3a00 ffffffff81084f81 ffff880c1a6cc800 
ffff880c1b9c3a60
  [  318.497229]  ffffffff81725cd9 ffff880c1a6cc800 ffff880c1b9c3fd8 
00000000000134c0
  [  318.504683]  00000000000134c0 ffff880c1a6cc800 ffff880c1a6cce50 
ffff880c1a6cc7f0
  [  318.512137] Call Trace:
  [  318.514583]  [<ffffffff81084f81>] wq_worker_sleeping+0x11/0x90
  [  318.520420]  [<ffffffff81725cd9>] __schedule+0x589/0x7d0
  [  318.525728]  [<ffffffff81725f49>] schedule+0x29/0x70
  [  318.530697]  [<ffffffff8106a16f>] do_exit+0x6df/0xa50
  [  318.535750]  [<ffffffff8172b0a9>] oops_end+0xa9/0x150
  [  318.540801]  [<ffffffff8171a75d>] no_context+0x27e/0x28b
  [  318.546114]  [<ffffffff8171a7dd>] __bad_area_nosemaphore+0x73/0x1ca
  [  318.552379]  [<ffffffff8171a947>] bad_area_nosemaphore+0x13/0x15
  [  318.558389]  [<ffffffff8172da97>] __do_page_fault+0xa7/0x570
  [  318.564047]  [<ffffffff8172df7a>] do_page_fault+0x1a/0x70
  [  318.569446]  [<ffffffff810744e7>] ? internal_add_timer+0x17/0x40
  [  318.575453]  [<ffffffff8172a3a8>] page_fault+0x28/0x30
  [  318.580599]  [<ffffffffa0278280>] ? journal_write_unlocked+0x130/0x540 
[bcache]
  [  318.587899]  [<ffffffff81076108>] ? add_timer+0x18/0x20
  [  318.593129]  [<ffffffffa02786e0>] journal_try_write+0x50/0x60 [bcache]
  [  318.599655]  [<ffffffffa0278712>] journal_write_work+0x22/0x30 [bcache]
  [  318.606265]  [<ffffffff81083a82>] process_one_work+0x182/0x450
  [  318.612098]  [<ffffffff81084871>] worker_thread+0x121/0x410
  [  318.617671]  [<ffffffff81084750>] ? rescuer_thread+0x430/0x430
  [  318.623504]  [<ffffffff8108b5b2>] kthread+0xd2/0xf0
  [  318.628383]  [<ffffffff8108b4e0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1c0/0x1c0
  [  318.634910]  [<ffffffff8173258c>] ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
  [  318.640309]  [<ffffffff8108b4e0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1c0/0x1c0
  [  318.646832] Code: 00 48 89 e5 5d 48 8b 40 c8 48 c1 e8 02 83 e0 01 c3 66 2e 
0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 66 66 66 90 48 8b 87 c0 03 00 00 55 48 89 e5 <48> 8b 
40 d8 5d c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 66 66 66 90                        
                                                                                
                                    
  [  318.666786] RIP  [<ffffffff8108bc50>] kthread_data+0x10/0x20
  [  318.672461]  RSP <ffff880c1b9c39e8>
  [  318.675946] CR2: ffffffffffffffd8
  [  318.679259] ---[ end trace 66f8467ce2b49a93 ]---
  [  318.683877] Fixing recursive fault but reboot is needed!

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