jiayuasu commented on code in PR #2863:
URL: https://github.com/apache/sedona/pull/2863#discussion_r3144420894


##########
common/src/test/java/org/apache/sedona/common/FunctionsTest.java:
##########
@@ -1081,6 +1081,163 @@ public void testS2ToGeom() {
     assertTrue(polygons[100].intersects(target));
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testS2CoverageContainsInput() throws ParseException {
+    String wkt =
+        "POLYGON ((-102.060778 39.9999603, -102.0535384 40.0119065, -101.98532 
40.0122906, "
+            + "-95.30829 40.009008, -95.2456364 39.9564784, -95.1982467 
39.9455019, "
+            + "-95.1964657 39.9113444, -95.1460439 39.9142017, -95.1316877 
39.8855881, "
+            + "-95.087643 39.8717975, -95.0389987 39.8749063, -95.0146232 
39.9088422, "
+            + "-94.9403146 39.906409, -94.9183761 39.8846514, -94.9329504 
39.8578468, "
+            + "-94.8824331 39.8409102, -94.8675709 39.8227528, -94.878404 
39.787242, "
+            + "-94.9266292 39.7786779, -94.9070076 39.7679231, -94.8631596 
39.779774, "
+            + "-94.8497103 39.7604914, -94.8545514 39.7397163, -94.8985678 
39.7150641, "
+            + "-94.9584897 39.7331377, -94.9637588 39.6814526, -95.0187723 
39.6615712, "
+            + "-95.0456083 39.6252182, -95.0430365 39.5826542, -95.0650104 
39.5677387, "
+            + "-95.0985514 39.570063, -95.1012286 39.5462821, -95.0459187 
39.5064755, "
+            + "-95.0320969 39.4709074, -94.976457 39.4475392, -94.9362514 
39.3964717, "
+            + "-94.8781205 39.3949417, -94.8733156 39.3663291, -94.9014695 
39.3495654, "
+            + "-94.8963639 39.3135051, -94.8237994 39.2609956, -94.8194328 
39.2178517, "
+            + "-94.7789019 39.214907, -94.7398645 39.1789812, -94.6785238 
39.1931279, "
+            + "-94.6533801 39.1816662, -94.6517728 39.1640754, -94.605515 
39.1696807, "
+            + "-94.5791896 39.1504025, -94.5983384 39.1134256, -94.6095667 
36.9948123, "
+            + "-102.045765 36.9847897, -102.060778 39.9999603))";
+    Geometry input = geomFromWKT(wkt, 0);
+    Long[] cellIds = Functions.s2CellIDs(input, 12);
+    Geometry[] polygons =
+        
Functions.s2ToGeom(Arrays.stream(cellIds).mapToLong(Long::longValue).toArray());
+    Geometry coverage = Functions.union(polygons);
+    if (!coverage.covers(input)) {
+      // Only compute the (expensive, ~50k-cell) difference on failure, to 
surface a useful
+      // diagnostic. Happy path skips the full geometric union/difference work.

Review Comment:
   Done in 1537d9c22c. Updated the comment to clarify that the union itself is 
unavoidable for an exact containment check; only the difference is gated on 
failure.



##########
common/src/main/java/org/apache/sedona/common/utils/S2Utils.java:
##########
@@ -107,13 +107,218 @@ public static Polygon toJTSPolygon(S2CellId cellId) {
     return new GeometryFactory().createPolygon(coords);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Convert a JTS planar geometry into an S2Region whose lat/lng projection 
is guaranteed to
+   * contain the input geometry.
+   *
+   * <p>Why a buffer is needed: Sedona geometries are planar — an edge between 
two vertices is a
+   * straight line in (lng, lat) space — but S2 connects the same vertices 
with a great-circle arc
+   * on the sphere. The two interpretations agree at the vertices but diverge 
along the edges (e.g.
+   * the great-circle arc between two points at the same northern latitude 
bulges northward, leaving
+   * the parallel that would form the planar chord). If we hand the JTS 
vertices to S2 directly, the
+   * spherical polygon's interior is *smaller* than the planar polygon's 
interior along
+   * non-meridional edges, so the S2 covering misses thin slivers of the 
original planar polygon
+   * (see GH-2857).
+   *
+   * <p>To compensate, we JTS-buffer the input by an upper bound on the 
worst-case great-circle
+   * deviation before converting to S2. A side effect for {@link LineString} 
inputs is that the
+   * buffer turns the line into a polygon corridor; downstream callers 
therefore see cells in a thin
+   * strip around the line rather than only cells the line geometrically 
traverses.
+   */
   public static S2Region toS2Region(Geometry geom) throws 
IllegalArgumentException {
-    if (geom instanceof Polygon) {
-      return S2Utils.toS2Polygon((Polygon) geom);
-    } else if (geom instanceof LineString) {
-      return S2Utils.toS2PolyLine((LineString) geom);
+    if (!(geom instanceof Polygon) && !(geom instanceof LineString)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "only object of Polygon, LinearRing, LineString type can be 
converted to S2Region");
+    }
+    // JTS planar buffer doesn't understand antimeridian crossing — for inputs 
whose
+    // envelope spans more than 180° in longitude (which only happens when the 
input
+    // straddles the antimeridian, since real-world inputs don't span half the 
globe in
+    // lng), buffering produces a polygon that goes the wrong way around the 
globe and
+    // explodes the S2 covering. Skip the buffer for those inputs; the 
original GH-2857
+    // miscoverage only affects edges that go the "long" way in (lng, lat) 
space, which
+    // these inputs by definition do not.
+    boolean spansAntimeridian = geom.getEnvelopeInternal().getWidth() > 180.0;
+    double eps = spansAntimeridian ? 0.0 : arcChordBufferDegrees(geom);
+    Geometry buffered = (eps > 0) ? geom.buffer(eps) : geom;

Review Comment:
   Good catch — fixed in 1537d9c22c. Replaced the envelope-width heuristic with 
a per-edge check (`|Δlng| > 180°` on any edge) that only fires for actual 
antimeridian crossings, not for wide non-straddling polygons. Added 
`testS2CoverageContainsWideNonAntimeridianPolygon` (a -100° to +100° polygon, 
200° wide but no antimeridian crossing) to lock that behavior in: that test 
would fail under the previous envelope-width heuristic because the buffer would 
be skipped and the long east-west edges would reintroduce the original 
miscoverage.



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