zhangfengcdt commented on code in PR #2831:
URL: https://github.com/apache/sedona/pull/2831#discussion_r3088482417


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common/src/main/java/org/apache/sedona/common/S2Geography/WKBGeography.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.sedona.common.S2Geography;
+
+import com.google.common.geometry.S2Region;
+import com.google.common.geometry.S2Shape;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Geometry;
+import org.locationtech.jts.geom.PrecisionModel;
+import org.locationtech.jts.io.ParseException;
+
+/**
+ * A Geography implementation that stores WKB bytes as the primary 
representation, with lazy-parsed
+ * JTS Geometry and S2 Geography caches. This enables zero-parse construction 
from WKB and deferred
+ * S2 parsing only when spherical operations are needed.
+ */
+public class WKBGeography extends Geography {
+
+  /**
+   * When true, fromWKB() eagerly builds the S2 Geography and ShapeIndex at 
construction time
+   * instead of lazily on first access. This eliminates cold-path overhead for 
predicate-heavy
+   * workloads (ST_Contains, ST_Intersects) at the cost of slower 
deserialization for metric-only
+   * workloads. Set via spark.sedona.geography.eagerShapeIndex or 
setEagerShapeIndex(). Default
+   * false.
+   */
+  private static volatile boolean eagerShapeIndex = false;
+
+  /** Enable or disable eager ShapeIndex building at deserialization time. */
+  public static void setEagerShapeIndex(boolean eager) {
+    eagerShapeIndex = eager;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns whether eager ShapeIndex building is enabled. */
+  public static boolean isEagerShapeIndex() {
+    return eagerShapeIndex;
+  }
+
+  private final byte[] wkbBytes;
+
+  // Lazy caches — volatile for thread safety with double-checked locking
+  private volatile Geometry jtsGeometry;
+  private volatile Geography s2Geography;
+  private volatile ShapeIndexGeography shapeIndexGeography;
+
+  private WKBGeography(byte[] wkbBytes, int srid) {
+    super(GeographyKind.UNINITIALIZED);
+    this.wkbBytes = wkbBytes;
+    setSRID(srid);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a WKBGeography from raw WKB bytes. When eagerShapeIndex is false 
(default), this is
+   * zero-parse — just wraps the byte array. When eager mode is enabled, this 
also parses the WKB to
+   * S2 Geography and builds the ShapeIndex upfront.
+   */
+  public static WKBGeography fromWKB(byte[] wkb, int srid) {
+    WKBGeography geog = new WKBGeography(wkb, srid);
+    if (eagerShapeIndex) {
+      // Pre-build S2 and ShapeIndex to eliminate cold-path overhead for 
predicates
+      geog.getShapeIndexGeography();
+    }
+    return geog;
+  }
+
+  /** Create a WKBGeography from a JTS Geometry by serializing it to WKB. */
+  public static WKBGeography fromJTS(Geometry jts) {
+    org.locationtech.jts.io.WKBWriter writer =
+        new org.locationtech.jts.io.WKBWriter(
+            2, org.locationtech.jts.io.ByteOrderValues.BIG_ENDIAN);
+    byte[] wkb = writer.write(jts);
+    WKBGeography geog = new WKBGeography(wkb, jts.getSRID());
+    geog.jtsGeometry = jts; // cache the JTS we already have
+    return geog;
+  }
+
+  /** Create a WKBGeography from an existing S2 Geography by converting it to 
WKB. */
+  public static WKBGeography fromS2Geography(Geography s2geog) {
+    WKBWriter writer = new WKBWriter(2, 
org.locationtech.jts.io.ByteOrderValues.BIG_ENDIAN, false);
+    byte[] wkb = writer.write(s2geog);
+    WKBGeography geog = new WKBGeography(wkb, s2geog.getSRID());
+    geog.s2Geography = s2geog; // cache the S2 we already have
+    return geog;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the raw WKB bytes. Zero cost. */
+  public byte[] getWKBBytes() {
+    return wkbBytes;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a JTS Geometry, lazily parsed from WKB on first access. */
+  public Geometry getJTSGeometry() {
+    Geometry result = jtsGeometry;
+    if (result == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        result = jtsGeometry;
+        if (result == null) {
+          try {
+            org.locationtech.jts.io.WKBReader reader = new 
org.locationtech.jts.io.WKBReader();
+            result = reader.read(wkbBytes);
+            result.setSRID(getSRID());
+          } catch (ParseException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to parse WKB to JTS Geometry", 
e);
+          }
+          jtsGeometry = result;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a ShapeIndexGeography wrapping the S2 Geography, lazily built on 
first access. The
+   * ShapeIndex is cached for reuse across multiple predicate/distance 
operations on the same
+   * object.
+   */
+  public ShapeIndexGeography getShapeIndexGeography() {
+    ShapeIndexGeography result = shapeIndexGeography;
+    if (result == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        result = shapeIndexGeography;
+        if (result == null) {
+          result = new ShapeIndexGeography(getS2Geography());
+          shapeIndexGeography = result;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns an S2 Geography, lazily parsed from WKB on first access. */
+  public Geography getS2Geography() {
+    Geography result = s2Geography;
+    if (result == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        result = s2Geography;
+        if (result == null) {
+          try {
+            WKBReader reader = new WKBReader();
+            result = reader.read(wkbBytes);
+            result.setSRID(getSRID());
+          } catch (ParseException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to parse WKB to S2 Geography", 
e);
+          }
+          s2Geography = result;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // --- Geography abstract method delegation to lazy S2 ---
+
+  @Override
+  public int dimension() {
+    return getS2Geography().dimension();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int numShapes() {
+    return getS2Geography().numShapes();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public S2Shape shape(int id) {
+    return getS2Geography().shape(id);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public S2Region region() {
+    return getS2Geography().region();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void getCellUnionBound(List<com.google.common.geometry.S2CellId> 
cellIds) {
+    getS2Geography().getCellUnionBound(cellIds);
+  }

Review Comment:
   region() now returns new S2PointRegion(extractPoint()) for Point WKB



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