gaborkaszab commented on code in PR #16425:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16425#discussion_r4452950400


##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1801,6 +1804,44 @@ If a delete column in an equality delete file is later 
dropped from the table, i
 
 Manifests hold the same statistics for delete files and data files. For delete 
files, the metrics describe the values that were deleted.
 
+### Column Files
+
+Starting in v4, a data file or v4 leaf manifest may store fields in column 
files listed in [`column_files`](#column-file-fields). A column file can use 
any supported Iceberg file format and must have rows that align with the file 
it modifies.
+
+A column file stores the fields listed in its `field_ids`, each as a whole, 
including all of its nested fields. Each ID must identify a field in the schema 
of the file it modifies, which is the table schema for a data file and the 
tracked file schema for a leaf manifest, or a row lineage field required by 
[Writing Column Files](#writing-column-files). Fields nested within a list or 
map must not be listed in `field_ids`.
+
+#### Writing Column Files
+
+The rules below apply to column files of data files. Rules for writing column 
files of leaf manifests are not defined here.

Review Comment:
   I believe there is a decent overlap between the rules for data files and 
leaf manifests. Can we remove this sentence here, and have the common rule 
right below, and then the data file and leaf manifest specific ones broken down 
separately after that.
   _lusn makes sense for data files only IMO, maybe also partition. But the 
tracking related one, the modified/replaced related ones, and many more seem 
common to me.



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