rdblue commented on code in PR #18585:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/18585#discussion_r4320106874


##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1011,12 +1012,35 @@ For example, stats for an optional `geometry` field 
named `location` with field-
   10_804: optional long value_count;
   10_805: optional long null_value_count;
   10_807: optional long total_bytes;
-  // tight_bounds and nan_value_count are omitted for geo types
+  // nan_value_count is omitted for geo types
 }
 ```
 
 For `variant`, both bounds are unshredded `variant` that store variant field 
bounds by normalized JSON paths as field names. See [Bounds for 
Variant](#bounds-for-variant) for details on producing these bounds.
 
+<a id="stats-tightness"></a>
+###### Stats Tightness
+
+Statistics are *tight* when they are exact for the live rows of a file:
+
+* Bounds are the minimum and maximum of the live values.
+* `null_value_count` and `nan_value_count` are the counts across the live rows.
+
+`value_count` and `total_bytes` are not part of tightness. `value_count` is 
the number of values across all rows written to the file and is not adjusted 
when rows are deleted; for a field with no repeated (`list` or `map`) ancestor, 
the live value count is `value_count` minus the deletion vector's cardinality. 
`total_bytes` is an estimate and is likewise not adjusted for deleted rows.

Review Comment:
   We don't need to state that total bytes is excluded. We should take care of 
that with the definition of tightness that only mentions null and nan counts in 
addition to the bounds. All other fields are not tight and we can't require new 
ones to be included either.



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