laskoviymishka commented on code in PR #17726:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/17726#discussion_r4004705399


##########
api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/variants/VariantMetadata.java:
##########
@@ -19,10 +19,15 @@
 package org.apache.iceberg.variants;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Comparators;
 
 /** A variant metadata dictionary. */
 public interface VariantMetadata {
+  /** Unsigned UTF-8 byte order for field names, per VariantEncoding.md's 
sorted_strings rule. */
+  Comparator<CharSequence> FIELD_NAME_ORDER = Comparators.charSequences();

Review Comment:
   The compat call reads as settled now that the PR body's Compatibility 
section spells it out — accept the break, rewrite affected data — so I'm not 
asking for a fallback.
   
   The one thing I'd add, and it's not a blocker: that reasoning lives in the 
PR body and the miss test, but not in the code that relies on it. I'd either 
extend this javadoc or drop a line on the `isSorted` branch in 
`SerializedMetadata.id()` noting we take `sorted_strings=1` at face value per 
spec, so a pre-PR dict flagged sorted but laid out in UTF-16 
(supplementary-plane names) will miss and must be rewritten — keeps it in front 
of the next reader who lands on the search. wdyt?



##########
parquet/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/parquet/TestVariantMetrics.java:
##########
@@ -607,6 +607,34 @@ public void testShreddedObject() throws IOException {
         .isEqualTo(Map.of(1, Types.LongType.get(), 2, 
Types.VariantType.get()));
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testShreddedObjectBoundFieldsOrderedByUtf8() throws IOException {
+    // U+FFFF is 3 UTF-8 bytes (EF BF BF), U+10000 is 4 (F0 90 80 80); UTF-16 
orders them oppositely
+    String threeByteName = new String(Character.toChars(0xFFFF));
+    String fourByteName = new String(Character.toChars(0x10000));
+    VariantMetadata objectMetadata = Variants.metadata(threeByteName, 
fourByteName);
+
+    ShreddedObject object0 = Variants.object(objectMetadata);
+    object0.put(threeByteName, Variants.of(1));
+    object0.put(fourByteName, Variants.of(2));
+    ShreddedObject object1 = Variants.object(objectMetadata);
+    object1.put(threeByteName, Variants.of(3));
+    object1.put(fourByteName, Variants.of(4));
+
+    Metrics metrics =
+        writeParquet(
+            (id, name) -> ParquetVariantUtil.toParquetSchema(object0),
+            Variant.of(objectMetadata, object0),
+            Variant.of(objectMetadata, object1));
+
+    String threePath = "$['" + threeByteName + "']";
+    String fourPath = "$['" + fourByteName + "']";
+    VariantObject lowerBounds = 
Variant.from(metrics.lowerBounds().get(2)).value().asObject();
+    assertThat(lowerBounds.fieldNames()).containsExactly(threePath, fourPath);

Review Comment:
   Small non-blocker, and it's the same shape as the test worry I raised in 
round 1: this asserts the field-name order but doesn't actually pin the 
ParquetMetrics fix. That `[threePath, fourPath]` ordering comes from 
`SerializationState`'s tree map, so if `Sets.newTreeSet(FIELD_NAME_ORDER)` in 
`ParquetMetrics.variant()` were reverted to a natural-order set, the dict would 
come out `isSorted=false` but `fieldNames()` would still return this same order 
and the test passes.
   
   I'd add an assert that the backing metadata is `isSorted()` (cast the 
lower-bound metadata to `SerializedMetadata`) so it guards the line it's here 
for. wdyt?



##########
core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/variants/TestVariantMetadataFieldOrdering.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.variants;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class TestVariantMetadataFieldOrdering {
+
+  // U+FFFF encodes to 3 UTF-8 bytes (EF BF BF), U+10000 to 4 (F0 90 80 80)
+  private static final String NAME_3_BYTE = new 
String(Character.toChars(0xFFFF));
+  private static final String NAME_4_BYTE = new 
String(Character.toChars(0x10000));
+
+  @Test
+  public void utf8OrderedDictionaryIsSortedAndOrdered() {

Review Comment:
   Small non-blocker: these three drop the `test` prefix the rest of the 
package uses (the new `testShreddedFieldOrderFollowsUtf8ByteOrder` right in 
this PR, all of `TestShreddedObject`). Some tooling pattern-matches on it, so 
I'd rename to `testUtf8OrderedDictionaryIsSortedAndOrdered` and friends to stay 
consistent.



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