pvary commented on code in PR #17723:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/17723#discussion_r3812924491


##########
arrow/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/arrow/vectorized/ListVectorBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.arrow.vectorized;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import org.apache.arrow.memory.BufferAllocator;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.BaseVariableWidthVector;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.BigIntVector;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.FieldVector;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.FixedSizeBinaryVector;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.Float4Vector;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.Float8Vector;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.IntVector;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.ListVector;
+import org.apache.iceberg.arrow.ArrowSchemaUtil;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.ParquetUtil;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types;
+import org.apache.parquet.column.Dictionary;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.LogicalTypeAnnotation;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.PrimitiveType;
+
+/**
+ * Owns the Arrow {@link ListVector} construction state for {@link 
VectorizedListReader}.
+ *
+ * <p>Encapsulates allocation and per-list open/close semantics: {@link
+ * ListVector#startNewValue(int)}, {@link ListVector#endValue(int, int)}, 
{@link
+ * ListVector#setNull(int)}, plus the companion {@link IntVector} of list 
repetition levels and the
+ * {@link NullabilityHolder} that tracks list-level nullability for the batch.
+ *
+ * <p>Isolating this state gives us a clean seam to swap the per-row {@code 
startNewValue} / {@code
+ * endValue} protocol for a bulk-fill implementation that writes the offsets 
buffer directly from
+ * Parquet rep/def-level arrays.
+ *
+ * <p>Not thread-safe.
+ */
+class ListVectorBuilder implements AutoCloseable {
+
+  private final Types.NestedField icebergField;
+  private final BufferAllocator allocator;
+  private final int definitionLevel;
+  private final boolean isListRequired;
+  private final boolean isElementRequired;
+
+  private ListVector listVector;
+  private IntVector listRepetitionLevels;
+  private NullabilityHolder nullabilityHolder;
+
+  // Per-batch state; reset by prepareBatch().
+  private int listIndex;
+  private int listSize;
+  private int listDefinitionLevel;
+  private int elementIndex;
+
+  ListVectorBuilder(
+      Types.NestedField icebergField,
+      BufferAllocator allocator,
+      int definitionLevel,
+      boolean isListRequired,
+      boolean isElementRequired) {
+    this.icebergField = icebergField;
+    this.allocator = allocator;
+    this.definitionLevel = definitionLevel;
+    this.isListRequired = isListRequired;
+    this.isElementRequired = isElementRequired;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepares the builder for a new batch. Resets or reallocates the 
underlying Arrow vectors and
+   * the {@link NullabilityHolder}, and resets all per-batch counters.
+   *
+   * @param numRowsToRead upper bound on top-level list rows this batch may 
produce
+   * @param estimatedSize estimated total number of lists in this batch (from 
the Parquet
+   *     repetition-level histogram); used to size the nullability holder and 
repetition-level
+   *     vector
+   */
+  void prepareBatch(int numRowsToRead, int estimatedSize) {

Review Comment:
   What happens if the estimated size is too small?



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