lawofcycles opened a new issue, #15394:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/issues/15394

   ### Feature Request / Improvement
   #10935 is working on adding delete file support to 
`IncrementalChangelogScan`, which will enable changelog scans for merge-on-read 
tables. This issue proposes a further optimization for v3 tables using row 
lineage.
   
   ### Motivation
   With the delete file support from #10935, changelog scans will need to read 
and merge delete files with data files to identify changed rows. For v3 tables 
with row lineage, this can be done more efficiently by leveraging row-level 
metadata instead.
   
   ### Proposal
   For v3 tables with row lineage, the changelog scan could use
   
   - `_last_updated_sequence_number` to filter to only rows changed within the 
scan range, avoiding full data file reads and delete file merging
   - `_row_id` to reliably match the same logical row across data files for 
UPDATE detection, without depending on identifier columns
   
   Note that row lineage does not track changes made via equality deletes 
([spec](https://iceberg.apache.org/spec/#row-lineage)), so the general delete 
file merging path from #10935 remains necessary as a fallback.
   
   ### Scope
   This is an optimization on top of the delete file support in #10935, 
targeting v3 tables with row lineage only.
   
   ### Query engine
   Spark / Core
   
   ### Willingness to contribute
   
   - [ ] I can contribute this improvement/feature independently
   - [x] I would be willing to contribute this improvement/feature with 
guidance from the Iceberg community
   - [ ] I cannot contribute this improvement/feature at this time


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