stevenzwu commented on code in PR #16160:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16160#discussion_r3185338676


##########
api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/catalog/CatalogObjectIdentifier.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.catalog;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * A reference to a catalog object (table, view, or namespace) as an ordered 
list of hierarchical
+ * levels.
+ *
+ * <p>The object kind is determined by context (e.g. the endpoint or a 
companion {@link
+ * CatalogObjectType} discriminator), not by the identifier structure alone.
+ */
+public class CatalogObjectIdentifier {
+  private static final Joiner DOT = Joiner.on('.');
+  private static final Predicate<String> CONTAINS_NULL_CHARACTER =
+      Pattern.compile("\u0000", Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS).asPredicate();
+
+  public static CatalogObjectIdentifier of(String... levels) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        null != levels, "Cannot create CatalogObjectIdentifier from null 
array");
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        levels.length > 0, "Cannot create CatalogObjectIdentifier with no 
levels");
+
+    for (String level : levels) {
+      Preconditions.checkNotNull(
+          level, "Cannot create a CatalogObjectIdentifier with a null level");
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(
+          !CONTAINS_NULL_CHARACTER.test(level),
+          "Cannot create a CatalogObjectIdentifier with the null-byte 
character");

Review Comment:
   let me fix the style though as we usually don't put class name in the error 
msg



##########
api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/catalog/CatalogObjectIdentifier.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.catalog;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * A reference to a catalog object (table, view, or namespace) as an ordered 
list of hierarchical
+ * levels.
+ *
+ * <p>The object kind is determined by context (e.g. the endpoint or a 
companion {@link
+ * CatalogObjectType} discriminator), not by the identifier structure alone.
+ */
+public class CatalogObjectIdentifier {
+  private static final Joiner DOT = Joiner.on('.');
+  private static final Predicate<String> CONTAINS_NULL_CHARACTER =
+      Pattern.compile("\u0000", Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS).asPredicate();
+
+  public static CatalogObjectIdentifier of(String... levels) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        null != levels, "Cannot create CatalogObjectIdentifier from null 
array");
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        levels.length > 0, "Cannot create CatalogObjectIdentifier with no 
levels");
+
+    for (String level : levels) {
+      Preconditions.checkNotNull(
+          level, "Cannot create a CatalogObjectIdentifier with a null level");
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(
+          !CONTAINS_NULL_CHARACTER.test(level),
+          "Cannot create a CatalogObjectIdentifier with the null-byte 
character");

Review Comment:
   This mirrors the same null-byte check on `Namespace` levels (added in 
#3938). Null bytes are a foot-gun in identifier-level strings — they can 
corrupt any encoding that uses a control byte as a delimiter, mis-terminate 
strings in C-based downstream consumers, and slip past path/log normalization. 
Rejecting them at construction keeps the invariant explicit at the API 
boundary, the same way `Namespace` does for the same reason.



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