HuaHuaY commented on code in PR #418:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-cpp/pull/418#discussion_r2629362279


##########
src/iceberg/transaction.cc:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+#include "iceberg/transaction.h"
+
+#include "iceberg/catalog.h"
+#include "iceberg/table.h"
+#include "iceberg/table_metadata.h"
+#include "iceberg/table_requirement.h"
+#include "iceberg/table_requirements.h"
+#include "iceberg/table_update.h"
+#include "iceberg/update/update_properties.h"
+#include "iceberg/util/macros.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+Transaction::Transaction(std::shared_ptr<Table> table, Kind kind, bool 
auto_commit)
+    : table_(std::move(table)),
+      kind_(kind),
+      auto_commit_(auto_commit),
+      
metadata_builder_(TableMetadataBuilder::BuildFrom(table_->metadata().get())) {}
+
+Transaction::~Transaction() = default;
+
+Result<std::shared_ptr<Transaction>> Transaction::Make(std::shared_ptr<Table> 
table,
+                                                       Kind kind, bool 
auto_commit) {
+  if (!table || !table->catalog()) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Table and catalog cannot be null");
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<Transaction>(
+      new Transaction(std::move(table), kind, auto_commit));

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
     return std::make_shared<Transaction>(std::move(table), kind, auto_commit);
   ```



##########
src/iceberg/table_metadata.cc:
##########
@@ -790,4 +790,12 @@ Result<std::unique_ptr<TableMetadata>> 
TableMetadataBuilder::Build() {
   return std::make_unique<TableMetadata>(std::move(impl_->metadata));
 }
 
+const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TableUpdate>>& 
TableMetadataBuilder::changes() const {
+  return impl_->changes;
+}
+
+const TableMetadata* TableMetadataBuilder::base() const { return impl_->base; }
+
+const TableMetadata* TableMetadataBuilder::current() const { return 
&impl_->metadata; }

Review Comment:
   Return reference instead of pointer so caller doesn't need to think about 
whether result will be nullptr. `Transaction::current() const` also need to be 
modified.



##########
src/iceberg/table.h:
##########
@@ -143,4 +145,39 @@ class ICEBERG_EXPORT Table {
   std::unique_ptr<class TableMetadataCache> metadata_cache_;
 };
 
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT StagedTable : public Table {

Review Comment:
   add `final`?



##########
src/iceberg/table.cc:
##########
@@ -110,18 +130,78 @@ const std::vector<SnapshotLogEntry>& Table::history() 
const {
   return metadata_->snapshot_log;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<UpdateProperties> Table::UpdateProperties() const {
-  return std::make_unique<iceberg::UpdateProperties>(identifier_, catalog_, 
metadata_);
+const std::shared_ptr<FileIO>& Table::io() const { return io_; }
+
+const std::shared_ptr<TableMetadata>& Table::metadata() const { return 
metadata_; }
+
+const std::shared_ptr<Catalog>& Table::catalog() const { return catalog_; }
+
+Result<std::unique_ptr<TableScanBuilder>> Table::NewScan() const {
+  return std::make_unique<TableScanBuilder>(metadata_, io_);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Transaction> Table::NewTransaction() const {
-  throw NotImplemented("Table::NewTransaction is not implemented");
+Result<std::shared_ptr<Transaction>> Table::NewTransaction() {
+  // Create a brand new transaction object for the table. Users are expected 
to commit the
+  // transaction manually.
+  return Transaction::Make(shared_from_this(), Transaction::Kind::kUpdate,
+                           /*auto_commit=*/false);
 }
 
-const std::shared_ptr<FileIO>& Table::io() const { return io_; }
+Result<std::shared_ptr<UpdateProperties>> Table::NewUpdateProperties() {
+  ICEBERG_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(
+      auto transaction, Transaction::Make(shared_from_this(), 
Transaction::Kind::kUpdate,
+                                          /*auto_commit=*/true));
+  return transaction->NewUpdateProperties();
+}
 
-std::unique_ptr<TableScanBuilder> Table::NewScan() const {
-  return std::make_unique<TableScanBuilder>(metadata_, io_);
+Result<std::shared_ptr<StagedTable>> StagedTable::Make(
+    TableIdentifier identifier, std::shared_ptr<TableMetadata> metadata,
+    std::string metadata_location, std::shared_ptr<FileIO> io,
+    std::shared_ptr<Catalog> catalog) {
+  if (metadata == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Metadata cannot be null");
+  }
+  if (io == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("FileIO cannot be null");
+  }
+  if (catalog == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Catalog cannot be null");
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<StagedTable>(
+      new StagedTable(std::move(identifier), std::move(metadata),
+                      std::move(metadata_location), std::move(io), 
std::move(catalog)));
+}
+
+StagedTable::~StagedTable() = default;
+
+Result<std::unique_ptr<TableScanBuilder>> StagedTable::NewScan() const {
+  return NotSupported("Cannot scan a staged table");
+}
+
+Result<std::shared_ptr<StaticTable>> StaticTable::Make(
+    TableIdentifier identifier, std::shared_ptr<TableMetadata> metadata,
+    std::string metadata_location, std::shared_ptr<FileIO> io) {
+  if (metadata == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Metadata cannot be null");
+  }
+  if (io == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("FileIO cannot be null");
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<StaticTable>(
+      new StaticTable(std::move(identifier), std::move(metadata),
+                      std::move(metadata_location), std::move(io), 
/*catalog=*/nullptr));

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
     return std::make_shared<StaticTable>(std::move(identifier), 
std::move(metadata),
                                          std::move(metadata_location), 
std::move(io),
                                          /*catalog=*/nullptr);
   ```



##########
src/iceberg/table.cc:
##########
@@ -21,16 +21,40 @@
 
 #include "iceberg/catalog.h"
 #include "iceberg/partition_spec.h"
+#include "iceberg/result.h"
 #include "iceberg/schema.h"
 #include "iceberg/sort_order.h"
 #include "iceberg/table_metadata.h"
 #include "iceberg/table_properties.h"
 #include "iceberg/table_scan.h"
+#include "iceberg/transaction.h"
 #include "iceberg/update/update_properties.h"
 #include "iceberg/util/macros.h"
 
 namespace iceberg {
 
+Result<std::shared_ptr<Table>> Table::Make(TableIdentifier identifier,
+                                           std::shared_ptr<TableMetadata> 
metadata,
+                                           std::string metadata_location,
+                                           std::shared_ptr<FileIO> io,
+                                           std::shared_ptr<Catalog> catalog) {
+  if (metadata == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Metadata cannot be null");
+  }
+  if (metadata_location.empty()) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Metadata location cannot be empty");
+  }
+  if (io == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("FileIO cannot be null");
+  }
+  if (catalog == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Catalog cannot be null");
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<Table>(new Table(std::move(identifier), 
std::move(metadata),
+                                          std::move(metadata_location), 
std::move(io),
+                                          std::move(catalog)));

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
     return std::make_shared<Table>(std::move(identifier), std::move(metadata),
                                    std::move(metadata_location), std::move(io),
                                    std::move(catalog));
   ```



##########
src/iceberg/table.cc:
##########
@@ -110,18 +130,78 @@ const std::vector<SnapshotLogEntry>& Table::history() 
const {
   return metadata_->snapshot_log;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<UpdateProperties> Table::UpdateProperties() const {
-  return std::make_unique<iceberg::UpdateProperties>(identifier_, catalog_, 
metadata_);
+const std::shared_ptr<FileIO>& Table::io() const { return io_; }
+
+const std::shared_ptr<TableMetadata>& Table::metadata() const { return 
metadata_; }
+
+const std::shared_ptr<Catalog>& Table::catalog() const { return catalog_; }
+
+Result<std::unique_ptr<TableScanBuilder>> Table::NewScan() const {
+  return std::make_unique<TableScanBuilder>(metadata_, io_);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Transaction> Table::NewTransaction() const {
-  throw NotImplemented("Table::NewTransaction is not implemented");
+Result<std::shared_ptr<Transaction>> Table::NewTransaction() {
+  // Create a brand new transaction object for the table. Users are expected 
to commit the
+  // transaction manually.
+  return Transaction::Make(shared_from_this(), Transaction::Kind::kUpdate,
+                           /*auto_commit=*/false);
 }
 
-const std::shared_ptr<FileIO>& Table::io() const { return io_; }
+Result<std::shared_ptr<UpdateProperties>> Table::NewUpdateProperties() {
+  ICEBERG_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(
+      auto transaction, Transaction::Make(shared_from_this(), 
Transaction::Kind::kUpdate,
+                                          /*auto_commit=*/true));
+  return transaction->NewUpdateProperties();
+}
 
-std::unique_ptr<TableScanBuilder> Table::NewScan() const {
-  return std::make_unique<TableScanBuilder>(metadata_, io_);
+Result<std::shared_ptr<StagedTable>> StagedTable::Make(
+    TableIdentifier identifier, std::shared_ptr<TableMetadata> metadata,
+    std::string metadata_location, std::shared_ptr<FileIO> io,
+    std::shared_ptr<Catalog> catalog) {
+  if (metadata == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Metadata cannot be null");
+  }
+  if (io == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("FileIO cannot be null");
+  }
+  if (catalog == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Catalog cannot be null");
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<StagedTable>(
+      new StagedTable(std::move(identifier), std::move(metadata),
+                      std::move(metadata_location), std::move(io), 
std::move(catalog)));

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
     return std::make_shared<StagedTable>(std::move(identifier), 
std::move(metadata),
                                          std::move(metadata_location), 
std::move(io),
                                          std::move(catalog));
   ```



##########
src/iceberg/update/update_properties.cc:
##########
@@ -19,28 +19,33 @@
 
 #include "iceberg/update/update_properties.h"
 
+#include <charconv>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
+#include <system_error>
 
-#include "iceberg/catalog.h"
 #include "iceberg/metrics_config.h"
 #include "iceberg/result.h"
-#include "iceberg/table.h"
-#include "iceberg/table_identifier.h"
 #include "iceberg/table_metadata.h"
 #include "iceberg/table_properties.h"
-#include "iceberg/table_requirements.h"
 #include "iceberg/table_update.h"
+#include "iceberg/transaction.h"
 #include "iceberg/util/macros.h"
 
 namespace iceberg {
 
-UpdateProperties::UpdateProperties(TableIdentifier identifier,
-                                   std::shared_ptr<Catalog> catalog,
-                                   std::shared_ptr<TableMetadata> base)
-    : identifier_(std::move(identifier)),
-      catalog_(std::move(catalog)),
-      base_metadata_(std::move(base)) {}
+Result<std::shared_ptr<UpdateProperties>> UpdateProperties::Make(
+    std::shared_ptr<Transaction> transaction) {
+  if (!transaction) [[unlikely]] {
+    return InvalidArgument("Cannot create UpdateProperties without a 
transaction");
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<UpdateProperties>(new 
UpdateProperties(std::move(transaction)));

Review Comment:
   I suggest to add some comments if we prefer to use `std::shared_ptr` rather 
than `std::make_shared` here.



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