rdblue commented on code in PR #12298:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/12298#discussion_r2512412946


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/formats/FormatModelRegistry.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.formats;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.DataFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.DeleteFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.FileContent;
+import org.apache.iceberg.FileFormat;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynMethods;
+import org.apache.iceberg.deletes.EqualityDeleteWriter;
+import org.apache.iceberg.deletes.PositionDelete;
+import org.apache.iceberg.deletes.PositionDeleteWriter;
+import org.apache.iceberg.encryption.EncryptedOutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.DataWriter;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import 
org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.util.Pair;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * A registry that manages file-format-specific readers and writers through a 
unified object model
+ * factory interface.
+ *
+ * <p>This registry provides access to {@link ReadBuilder}s for data 
consumption and various writer
+ * builders:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@link WriteBuilder} for basic file writing,
+ *   <li>{@link DataWriteBuilder} for data files,
+ *   <li>{@link EqualityDeleteWriteBuilder} for equality deletes,
+ *   <li>{@link PositionDeleteWriteBuilder} for position deletes.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * The appropriate builder is selected based on {@link FileFormat} and object 
model name.
+ *
+ * <p>{@link FormatModel} objects are registered through {@link 
#register(FormatModel)} and used for
+ * creating readers and writers. Read builders are returned directly from the 
factory. Write
+ * builders may be wrapped in specialized content file writer implementations 
depending on the
+ * requested builder type.
+ */
+public final class FormatModelRegistry {
+  private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(FormatModelRegistry.class);
+  // The list of classes which are used for registering the reader and writer 
builders
+  private static final List<String> CLASSES_TO_REGISTER =
+      ImmutableList.of(
+          "org.apache.iceberg.data.GenericFormatModels",
+          "org.apache.iceberg.arrow.vectorized.ArrowReader",
+          "org.apache.iceberg.flink.data.FlinkFormatModels",
+          "org.apache.iceberg.spark.source.SparkFormatModels");
+
+  // Format models indexed by file format and object model class
+  private static final Map<Pair<FileFormat, Class<?>>, FormatModel<?, ?>> 
MODELS =
+      Maps.newConcurrentMap();
+
+  private FormatModelRegistry() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Registers an {@link FormatModel} in this registry.
+   *
+   * <p>The {@link FormatModel} creates readers and writers for a specific 
combinations of file
+   * format (Parquet, ORC, Avro) and object model (for example: "generic", 
"spark", "flink", etc.).
+   * Registering custom factories allows integration of new data processing 
engines for the
+   * supported file formats with Iceberg's file access mechanisms.
+   *
+   * <p>Each factory must be uniquely identified by its combination of file 
format and object model
+   * name. This uniqueness constraint prevents ambiguity when selecting 
factories for read and write
+   * operations.
+   *
+   * @param formatModel the factory implementation to register
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a factory is already registered for 
the combination of
+   *     {@link FormatModel#format()} and {@link FormatModel#type()}
+   */
+  public static synchronized void register(FormatModel<?, ?> formatModel) {
+    Pair<FileFormat, Class<?>> key = Pair.of(formatModel.format(), 
formatModel.type());
+
+    FormatModel<?, ?> existing = MODELS.get(key);
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        existing == null || equals(existing, formatModel),
+        "Cannot register %s: %s is registered for format=%s type=%s 
schemaType=%s",
+        formatModel.getClass(),
+        existing == null ? null : existing.getClass(),
+        key.first(),
+        key.second(),
+        existing == null ? null : existing.schemaType());
+
+    MODELS.put(key, formatModel);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean equals(FormatModel<?, ?> model1, FormatModel<?, ?> 
model2) {

Review Comment:
   Style: Avoid sandwiching private methods between public methods. Usually, 
put private methods at the end of the file.



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