gaborkaszab commented on code in PR #14035:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/14035#discussion_r2379711095


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api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/exceptions/NotModifiedException.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.exceptions;
+
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.FormatMethod;
+
+/** Exception to indicate that resource is unchanged. */
+public class NotModifiedException extends RESTException {

Review Comment:
   Thanks for getting back with your thoughts, @amogh-jahagirdar !
   
   I totally get your point that exceptions shouldn't be the way to control 
flow for non-error use cases. I did some digging around the area a bit and 
explored a couple of options. In summary what I think what makes it difficult 
for expressing non-200 codes from `RESTCatalogAdapter` is how we use it in our 
tests. There are 2 setups:
   1) RESTSessionCatalog -> HttpClient -> RESTCatalogServlet -> 
RESTCatalogAdapter
   2) RESTSessionCatalog -> RESTCatalogAdapter (basically mocking the server)
   
   For scenario 1) we have more flexibility because we could abstract whatever 
we return from `RESTCatalogAdapter` either in `RESTCatalogServlet` by 
converting it to HTTP status codes, or even in `HttpClient`. Starting here I 
[created some 
PoC](https://github.com/gaborkaszab/iceberg/commit/a1ca9020506cc119863f077612c7bdccc3610c84#diff-7b4ef726f1b6b2d636070e7d50b9acce6e9f95ae1af9283850d1f80a34c7ef08)
 where I return a new `LoadTableResponseWithStatusCode` from 
`RESTCatalogAdapter` and then this could be translated into a 304 on the 
servlet level without a response body. In turn in `HttpClient` I could 
translate such responses into a null response.
   However, the difficulty is scenario 2) where `RESTCatalogAdapter` is 
directly wired into `RESTSessionCatalog` as a client, because then whatever is 
returned from the adapter should be understood by the session catalog, 
including this new `...WithStatusCode` response. This isn't something I'd 
follow, because it would expose too much details to the session catalog that 
shouldn't be there.
   
   So long story short, I think we can't do anything fancy here because of the 
current design. I see 2 options:
   1) The current one with exceptions, but then these exceptions have to be 
caught within `RESTSessionCatalog` too that could be somewhat misleading to the 
readers because it's a success-case driven by exception.
   2) Return null from `RESTCatalogAdapter.handleRequest()`. With this, on 
`RESTSessionCatalog.loadTable()` side we have to make null checks and associate 
getting nulls meaning the table is unchanged. I don't think this is very 
intuitive.
   
   Btw, do you know the purpose of scenario 2) other than having simple tests 
mocking the communication with the server? I think it adds extra complexity for 
the reference IRC implementation a lot, and reduces the amount of complexity we 
have, e.g. with status code now. Would it make sense to get rid of such usage 
from the tests?



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