pvary commented on code in PR #13340:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/13340#discussion_r2156719229


##########
flink/v2.0/flink/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/flink/sink/dynamic/convert/RowDataConverter.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.flink.sink.dynamic.convert;
+
+import org.apache.flink.table.data.GenericRowData;
+import org.apache.flink.table.data.RowData;
+import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.RowType;
+
+/**
+ * {@link RowDataConverter} is responsible to change the input {@link RowData} 
to make it compatible
+ * with the target schema. This is done when
+ *
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>The input schema has fewer fields than the target schema.
+ *   <li>The table types are wider than the input type.
+ *   <li>The field order differs for source and target schema.
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <p>The resolution is as follows:
+ *
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>In the first case, we would add a null values for the missing field 
(if the field is
+ *       optional).
+ *   <li>In the second case, we would convert the data for the input field to 
a wider type, e.g. int
+ *       (input type) => long (table type).
+ *   <li>In the third case, we would rearrange the input data to match the 
target table.
+ * </ol>
+ */
+public class RowDataConverter implements DataConverter {
+  private final RowData.FieldGetter[] fieldGetters;
+  private final DataConverter[] dataConverters;
+
+  public RowDataConverter(RowType sourceType, RowType targetType) {
+    this.fieldGetters = new RowData.FieldGetter[targetType.getFields().size()];
+    this.dataConverters = new DataConverter[targetType.getFields().size()];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < targetType.getFields().size(); i++) {
+      RowData.FieldGetter fieldGetter;
+      DataConverter dataConverter;
+      RowType.RowField targetField = targetType.getFields().get(i);
+      int sourceFieldIndex = sourceType.getFieldIndex(targetField.getName());
+      if (sourceFieldIndex == -1) {
+        if (targetField.getType().isNullable()) {
+          fieldGetter = row -> null;
+          dataConverter = value -> null;
+        } else {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+              String.format(
+                  "Field %s in target schema %s is non-nullable but does not 
exist in source schema.",
+                  i + 1, targetType));
+        }
+      } else {
+        RowType.RowField sourceField = 
sourceType.getFields().get(sourceFieldIndex);
+        fieldGetter = RowData.createFieldGetter(sourceField.getType(), 
sourceFieldIndex);
+        dataConverter = DataConverter.getNullable(sourceField.getType(), 
targetField.getType());
+      }
+
+      this.fieldGetters[i] = fieldGetter;
+      this.dataConverters[i] = dataConverter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public RowData convert(Object object) {
+    RowData sourceData = (RowData) object;
+    GenericRowData targetData = new GenericRowData(fieldGetters.length);
+    for (int i = 0; i < fieldGetters.length; i++) {
+      Object value = fieldGetters[i].getFieldOrNull(sourceData);
+      targetData.setField(i, dataConverters[i].convert(value));
+    }

Review Comment:
   nit: newline



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