mapleFU commented on code in PR #117:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-cpp/pull/117#discussion_r2131988573


##########
src/iceberg/datum.h:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <compare>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "iceberg/result.h"
+#include "iceberg/type.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Exception type for values that are below the minimum allowed value 
for a
+/// primitive type.
+///
+/// When casting a value to a narrow primitive type, if the value exceeds the 
maximum of
+/// dest type, it might be above the maximum allowed value for that type.
+struct BelowMin {
+  bool operator==(const BelowMin&) const = default;
+  std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const BelowMin&) const = default;
+};
+
+/// \brief Exception type for values that are above the maximum allowed value 
for a
+/// primitive type.
+///
+/// When casting a value to a narrow primitive type, if the value exceeds the 
maximum of
+/// dest type, it might be above the maximum allowed value for that type.
+struct AboveMax {
+  bool operator==(const AboveMax&) const = default;
+  std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const AboveMax&) const = default;
+};
+
+using PrimitiveLiteralValue =
+    std::variant<bool,                  // for boolean
+                 int32_t,               // for int, date
+                 int64_t,               // for long, timestamp, timestamp_tz, 
time
+                 float,                 // for float
+                 double,                // for double
+                 std::string,           // for string

Review Comment:
   Emmm, a tiny wrapper like this should be defined if unique_ptr<string> 
should be added. I'm also ok for the case
   
   ```c++
     struct StringLiteralValue {
       StringLiteralValue(std::string value);
       StringLiteralValue(const StringLiteralValue&);
       StringLiteralValue(StringLiteralValue&&) noexcept;
       const std::string& str() const {
         return *value_;
       }
       bool operator==(const StringLiteralValue&) const;
       std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const StringLiteralValue&) const;
     private:
       std::unique_ptr<std::string> value_;
     };
   ```
   
   In libc++ version, `sizeof(PrimitiveLiteralValue) == 48`, since 
`std::vector` is large, it's still 48b after change to `StringLiteralValue`.
   
   After change to below:
   
   ```c++
     template <typename T>
     struct LiteralValueWrapper {
       LiteralValueWrapper(T value);
       LiteralValueWrapper(const LiteralValueWrapper&);
       LiteralValueWrapper(LiteralValueWrapper&&) noexcept = default;
       const std::string& str() const {
         return *value_;
       }
       bool operator==(const LiteralValueWrapper<T>&) const;
       std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const LiteralValueWrapper<T>&) const;
     private:
       std::unique_ptr<T> value_;
     };
   
     using PrimitiveLiteralValue =
         std::variant<bool,                     // for boolean
                      int32_t,                  // for int, date
                      int64_t,                  // for long, timestamp, 
timestamp_tz, time
                      float,                    // for float
                      double,                   // for double
                      LiteralValueWrapper<std::string>,              // for 
string
                      LiteralValueWrapper<std::vector<uint8_t>>,     // for 
binary, fixed
                      std::array<uint8_t, 16>,  // for uuid and decimal
                      BelowMin, AboveMax>;
   ```
   
   The size becomes 40B, just eliminate 8B 😅. I think it's due to C++ doesn't 
do any niche optimization for std::variant...



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