adutra commented on code in PR #8857:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/8857#discussion_r1369932165


##########
nessie/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/nessie/NessieIcebergClient.java:
##########
@@ -181,133 +185,223 @@ public IcebergTable table(TableIdentifier 
tableIdentifier) {
   }
 
   public void createNamespace(Namespace namespace, Map<String, String> 
metadata) {
+    getRef().checkMutable();
+
+    if (namespace.isEmpty()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Creating empty namespaces is not 
supported");
+    }
+
+    ContentKey key = ContentKey.of(namespace.levels());
+    org.projectnessie.model.Namespace content =
+        org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(key.getElements(), metadata);
+
     try {
-      getRef().checkMutable();
-      withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .createNamespace()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels()))
-                  .properties(metadata))
-          .create();
-      refresh();
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceAlreadyExistsException e) {
-      throw new AlreadyExistsException(e, "Namespace already exists: %s", 
namespace);
+
+      Map<ContentKey, Content> contentMap =
+          api.getContent().reference(getReference()).key(key).get();
+      Content existing = contentMap.get(key);
+      if (existing != null) {
+        throw namespaceAlreadyExists(key, existing, null);
+      }
+
+      try {
+
+        commitRetry("create namespace " + key, Operation.Put.of(key, content));
+
+      } catch (NessieReferenceConflictException e) {
+
+        NessieConflictHandler.handleSingle(
+            e,
+            (conflictType, contentKey) -> {
+              switch (conflictType) {
+                case KEY_EXISTS:
+                  Content conflicting =
+                      
withReference(api.getContent()).key(contentKey).get().get(contentKey);
+                  throw namespaceAlreadyExists(contentKey, conflicting, e);
+                case NAMESPACE_ABSENT:
+                  throw new NoSuchNamespaceException(
+                      e,
+                      "Cannot create Namespace '%s': parent namespace '%s' 
does not exist",
+                      namespace,
+                      contentKey);
+                default:
+                  return false;
+              }
+            });
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            String.format("Cannot create Namespace '%s': %s", namespace, 
e.getMessage()));
+      }
+
     } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(
           String.format(
-              "Cannot create Namespace '%s': " + "ref '%s' is no longer 
valid.",
+              "Cannot create Namespace '%s': ref '%s' is no longer valid.",
               namespace, getRef().getName()),
           e);
+    } catch (BaseNessieClientServerException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          String.format("Cannot create Namespace '%s': %s", namespace, 
e.getMessage()), e);
     }
   }
 
   public List<Namespace> listNamespaces(Namespace namespace) throws 
NoSuchNamespaceException {
+
     try {
-      GetNamespacesResponse response =
-          withReference(
-                  getApi()
-                      .getMultipleNamespaces()
-                      
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels())))
-              .get();
-      return response.getNamespaces().stream()
-          .map(ns -> Namespace.of(ns.getElements().toArray(new String[0])))
-          .filter(ns -> ns.length() == namespace.length() + 1)
+
+      org.projectnessie.model.Namespace root =
+          org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels());
+
+      String filter =
+          namespace.isEmpty()
+              ? "size(entry.keyElements) == 1"
+              : String.format(
+                  "size(entry.keyElements) == %d && 
entry.encodedKey.startsWith('%s.')",
+                  root.getElementCount() + 1, root.name());
+
+      List<ContentKey> entries =
+          withReference(api.getEntries()).filter(filter).stream()
+              .filter(e -> Content.Type.NAMESPACE.equals(e.getType()))
+              .map(EntriesResponse.Entry::getName)
+              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+      if (entries.isEmpty()) {
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+      }
+
+      GetContentBuilder getContent = withReference(api.getContent());
+      entries.forEach(getContent::key);
+
+      return getContent.get().values().stream()
+          .map(v -> v.unwrap(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.class))
+          .filter(Optional::isPresent)
+          .map(Optional::get)
+          .map(v -> Namespace.of(v.getElements().toArray(new String[0])))
+          .filter(v -> v.length() == namespace.length() + 1) // only direct 
children
           .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    } catch (NessieReferenceNotFoundException e) {
+
+    } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(
           String.format(
-              "Cannot list Namespaces starting from '%s': " + "ref '%s' is no 
longer valid.",
+              "Cannot list Namespaces starting from '%s': ref '%s' is no 
longer valid.",
               namespace, getRef().getName()),
           e);
     }
   }
 
   public boolean dropNamespace(Namespace namespace) throws 
NamespaceNotEmptyException {
+
+    getRef().checkMutable();
+    ContentKey key = ContentKey.of(namespace.levels());
+
     try {
-      getRef().checkMutable();
-      withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .deleteNamespace()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels())))
-          .delete();
-      refresh();
+
+      commitRetry("drop namespace " + key, Operation.Delete.of(key));
       return true;
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceNotFoundException e) {
-      return false;
+
+    } catch (NessieReferenceConflictException e) {
+
+      if (!NessieConflictHandler.handleSingle(
+          e,
+          (conflictType, contentKey) -> {
+            switch (conflictType) {
+              case KEY_DOES_NOT_EXIST:
+                return true; // OK, continue
+              case NAMESPACE_NOT_EMPTY:
+                throw new NamespaceNotEmptyException(e, "Namespace '%s' is not 
empty.", namespace);
+            }
+            return false;
+          })) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            String.format("Cannot drop Namespace '%s': %s", namespace, 
e.getMessage()));
+      }
+
     } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
       LOG.error(
           "Cannot drop Namespace '{}': ref '{}' is no longer valid.",
           namespace,
           getRef().getName(),
           e);
-      return false;
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceNotEmptyException e) {
-      throw new NamespaceNotEmptyException(
-          e, "Namespace '%s' is not empty. One or more tables exist.", 
namespace);
+    } catch (BaseNessieClientServerException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          String.format("Cannot drop Namespace '%s': %s", namespace, 
e.getMessage()), e);
     }
+    return false;
   }
 
   public Map<String, String> loadNamespaceMetadata(Namespace namespace)
       throws NoSuchNamespaceException {
+    ContentKey key = ContentKey.of(namespace.levels());
     try {
-      return withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .getNamespace()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels())))
-          .get()
-          .getProperties();
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceNotFoundException e) {
-      throw new NoSuchNamespaceException(e, "Namespace does not exist: %s", 
namespace);
-    } catch (NessieReferenceNotFoundException e) {
+      Map<ContentKey, Content> contentMap = 
withReference(api.getContent()).key(key).get();
+      Content existing = contentMap.get(key);
+      if (!(existing instanceof org.projectnessie.model.Namespace)) {
+        throw new NoSuchNamespaceException("Namespace does not exist: %s", 
namespace);
+      }
+      return ((org.projectnessie.model.Namespace) existing).getProperties();
+    } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(
           String.format(
-              "Cannot load Namespace '%s': " + "ref '%s' is no longer valid.",
+              "Cannot load Namespace '%s': ref '%s' is no longer valid.",
               namespace, getRef().getName()),
           e);
     }
   }
 
   public boolean setProperties(Namespace namespace, Map<String, String> 
properties) {
-    try {
-      withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .updateProperties()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels()))
-                  .updateProperties(properties))
-          .update();
-      refresh();
-      // always successful, otherwise an exception is thrown
-      return true;
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceNotFoundException e) {
-      throw new NoSuchNamespaceException(e, "Namespace does not exist: %s", 
namespace);
-    } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
-      throw new RuntimeException(
-          String.format(
-              "Cannot update properties on Namespace '%s': ref '%s' is no 
longer valid.",
-              namespace, getRef().getName()),
-          e);
-    }
+    return updateProperties(namespace, props -> props.putAll(properties));
   }
 
   public boolean removeProperties(Namespace namespace, Set<String> properties) 
{
+    return updateProperties(namespace, props -> 
props.keySet().removeAll(properties));
+  }
+
+  private boolean updateProperties(Namespace namespace, Consumer<Map<String, 
String>> action) {
+    getRef().checkMutable();
+    ContentKey key = ContentKey.of(namespace.levels());
+
     try {
-      withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .updateProperties()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels()))
-                  .removeProperties(properties))
-          .update();
-      refresh();
+
+      Map<ContentKey, Content> contentMap =
+          api.getContent().reference(getReference()).key(key).get();

Review Comment:
   The code here is _updating_ the properties, not _loading_ them. 
   
   In `loadNamespaceMetadata` there is indeed a call to `withReference` that 
will omit the current hash if the ref is mutable, thus resulting in loading the 
latest data from the HEAD of that ref.
   
   Here, however, I think it's important to update the content by specifying 
the latest hash we know about, so that any conflict that might happen due to 
more recent commits will surface as `NessieConflictException` – not 
`NessieBadRequestException`.



##########
nessie/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/nessie/NessieIcebergClient.java:
##########
@@ -181,133 +185,223 @@ public IcebergTable table(TableIdentifier 
tableIdentifier) {
   }
 
   public void createNamespace(Namespace namespace, Map<String, String> 
metadata) {
+    getRef().checkMutable();
+
+    if (namespace.isEmpty()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Creating empty namespaces is not 
supported");
+    }
+
+    ContentKey key = ContentKey.of(namespace.levels());
+    org.projectnessie.model.Namespace content =
+        org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(key.getElements(), metadata);
+
     try {
-      getRef().checkMutable();
-      withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .createNamespace()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels()))
-                  .properties(metadata))
-          .create();
-      refresh();
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceAlreadyExistsException e) {
-      throw new AlreadyExistsException(e, "Namespace already exists: %s", 
namespace);
+
+      Map<ContentKey, Content> contentMap =
+          api.getContent().reference(getReference()).key(key).get();
+      Content existing = contentMap.get(key);
+      if (existing != null) {
+        throw namespaceAlreadyExists(key, existing, null);
+      }
+
+      try {
+
+        commitRetry("create namespace " + key, Operation.Put.of(key, content));
+
+      } catch (NessieReferenceConflictException e) {
+
+        NessieConflictHandler.handleSingle(
+            e,
+            (conflictType, contentKey) -> {
+              switch (conflictType) {
+                case KEY_EXISTS:
+                  Content conflicting =
+                      
withReference(api.getContent()).key(contentKey).get().get(contentKey);
+                  throw namespaceAlreadyExists(contentKey, conflicting, e);
+                case NAMESPACE_ABSENT:
+                  throw new NoSuchNamespaceException(
+                      e,
+                      "Cannot create Namespace '%s': parent namespace '%s' 
does not exist",
+                      namespace,
+                      contentKey);
+                default:
+                  return false;
+              }
+            });
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            String.format("Cannot create Namespace '%s': %s", namespace, 
e.getMessage()));
+      }
+
     } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(
           String.format(
-              "Cannot create Namespace '%s': " + "ref '%s' is no longer 
valid.",
+              "Cannot create Namespace '%s': ref '%s' is no longer valid.",
               namespace, getRef().getName()),
           e);
+    } catch (BaseNessieClientServerException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          String.format("Cannot create Namespace '%s': %s", namespace, 
e.getMessage()), e);
     }
   }
 
   public List<Namespace> listNamespaces(Namespace namespace) throws 
NoSuchNamespaceException {
+
     try {
-      GetNamespacesResponse response =
-          withReference(
-                  getApi()
-                      .getMultipleNamespaces()
-                      
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels())))
-              .get();
-      return response.getNamespaces().stream()
-          .map(ns -> Namespace.of(ns.getElements().toArray(new String[0])))
-          .filter(ns -> ns.length() == namespace.length() + 1)
+
+      org.projectnessie.model.Namespace root =
+          org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels());
+
+      String filter =
+          namespace.isEmpty()
+              ? "size(entry.keyElements) == 1"
+              : String.format(
+                  "size(entry.keyElements) == %d && 
entry.encodedKey.startsWith('%s.')",
+                  root.getElementCount() + 1, root.name());
+
+      List<ContentKey> entries =
+          withReference(api.getEntries()).filter(filter).stream()
+              .filter(e -> Content.Type.NAMESPACE.equals(e.getType()))
+              .map(EntriesResponse.Entry::getName)
+              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+      if (entries.isEmpty()) {
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+      }
+
+      GetContentBuilder getContent = withReference(api.getContent());
+      entries.forEach(getContent::key);
+
+      return getContent.get().values().stream()
+          .map(v -> v.unwrap(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.class))
+          .filter(Optional::isPresent)
+          .map(Optional::get)
+          .map(v -> Namespace.of(v.getElements().toArray(new String[0])))
+          .filter(v -> v.length() == namespace.length() + 1) // only direct 
children
           .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    } catch (NessieReferenceNotFoundException e) {
+
+    } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(
           String.format(
-              "Cannot list Namespaces starting from '%s': " + "ref '%s' is no 
longer valid.",
+              "Cannot list Namespaces starting from '%s': ref '%s' is no 
longer valid.",
               namespace, getRef().getName()),
           e);
     }
   }
 
   public boolean dropNamespace(Namespace namespace) throws 
NamespaceNotEmptyException {
+
+    getRef().checkMutable();
+    ContentKey key = ContentKey.of(namespace.levels());
+
     try {
-      getRef().checkMutable();
-      withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .deleteNamespace()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels())))
-          .delete();
-      refresh();
+
+      commitRetry("drop namespace " + key, Operation.Delete.of(key));
       return true;
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceNotFoundException e) {
-      return false;
+
+    } catch (NessieReferenceConflictException e) {
+
+      if (!NessieConflictHandler.handleSingle(
+          e,
+          (conflictType, contentKey) -> {
+            switch (conflictType) {
+              case KEY_DOES_NOT_EXIST:
+                return true; // OK, continue
+              case NAMESPACE_NOT_EMPTY:
+                throw new NamespaceNotEmptyException(e, "Namespace '%s' is not 
empty.", namespace);
+            }
+            return false;
+          })) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            String.format("Cannot drop Namespace '%s': %s", namespace, 
e.getMessage()));
+      }
+
     } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
       LOG.error(
           "Cannot drop Namespace '{}': ref '{}' is no longer valid.",
           namespace,
           getRef().getName(),
           e);
-      return false;
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceNotEmptyException e) {
-      throw new NamespaceNotEmptyException(
-          e, "Namespace '%s' is not empty. One or more tables exist.", 
namespace);
+    } catch (BaseNessieClientServerException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          String.format("Cannot drop Namespace '%s': %s", namespace, 
e.getMessage()), e);
     }
+    return false;
   }
 
   public Map<String, String> loadNamespaceMetadata(Namespace namespace)
       throws NoSuchNamespaceException {
+    ContentKey key = ContentKey.of(namespace.levels());
     try {
-      return withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .getNamespace()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels())))
-          .get()
-          .getProperties();
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceNotFoundException e) {
-      throw new NoSuchNamespaceException(e, "Namespace does not exist: %s", 
namespace);
-    } catch (NessieReferenceNotFoundException e) {
+      Map<ContentKey, Content> contentMap = 
withReference(api.getContent()).key(key).get();
+      Content existing = contentMap.get(key);
+      if (!(existing instanceof org.projectnessie.model.Namespace)) {
+        throw new NoSuchNamespaceException("Namespace does not exist: %s", 
namespace);
+      }
+      return ((org.projectnessie.model.Namespace) existing).getProperties();
+    } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(
           String.format(
-              "Cannot load Namespace '%s': " + "ref '%s' is no longer valid.",
+              "Cannot load Namespace '%s': ref '%s' is no longer valid.",
               namespace, getRef().getName()),
           e);
     }
   }
 
   public boolean setProperties(Namespace namespace, Map<String, String> 
properties) {
-    try {
-      withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .updateProperties()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels()))
-                  .updateProperties(properties))
-          .update();
-      refresh();
-      // always successful, otherwise an exception is thrown
-      return true;
-    } catch (NessieNamespaceNotFoundException e) {
-      throw new NoSuchNamespaceException(e, "Namespace does not exist: %s", 
namespace);
-    } catch (NessieNotFoundException e) {
-      throw new RuntimeException(
-          String.format(
-              "Cannot update properties on Namespace '%s': ref '%s' is no 
longer valid.",
-              namespace, getRef().getName()),
-          e);
-    }
+    return updateProperties(namespace, props -> props.putAll(properties));
   }
 
   public boolean removeProperties(Namespace namespace, Set<String> properties) 
{
+    return updateProperties(namespace, props -> 
props.keySet().removeAll(properties));
+  }
+
+  private boolean updateProperties(Namespace namespace, Consumer<Map<String, 
String>> action) {
+    getRef().checkMutable();
+    ContentKey key = ContentKey.of(namespace.levels());
+
     try {
-      withReference(
-              getApi()
-                  .updateProperties()
-                  
.namespace(org.projectnessie.model.Namespace.of(namespace.levels()))
-                  .removeProperties(properties))
-          .update();
-      refresh();
+
+      Map<ContentKey, Content> contentMap =
+          api.getContent().reference(getReference()).key(key).get();

Review Comment:
   The code here is _updating_ the properties, not _loading_ them. 
   
   In `loadNamespaceMetadata` there is indeed a call to `withReference` that 
will omit the current hash if the ref is mutable, thus resulting in loading the 
latest data from the HEAD of that ref.
   
   Here, however, I think it's important to update the content by specifying 
the latest hash we know about, so that any conflict that might happen due to 
more recent commits will surface as `NessieConflictException` – not 
`NessieBadRequestException`.



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