metsw24-max opened a new issue, #50057:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/50057
`Decimal{32,64,128,256}::FromString` parse the exponent with
`ParseValue<Int32Type>`, so it can be any `int32_t` including `INT32_MIN`.
`DecimalFromString`/`SimpleDecimalFromString` in
`cpp/src/arrow/util/decimal.cc` then compute `parsed_scale = -adjusted_exponent
+ fractional_digits`. For an input like `0E-2147483648` the negation of
`INT32_MIN` is signed-integer-overflow UB; a near-`INT32_MIN` exponent
overflows the addition.
UBSan on the expression:
```
decimal.cc: runtime error: negation of -2147483648 cannot be represented in
type 'int32_t' (aka 'int')
```
These are public string-parsing entry points reachable from the CSV/JSON
readers when converting decimal columns, so the input crosses a trust boundary.
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