Hi Branden,

G. Branden Robinson wrote on Wed, Oct 22, 2025 at 07:38:44PM -0500:

> I'm not yet ready to pitch a reform to GNU copyright policy
> (apart from dropping the superfluous '(C)' trigraph).
> I'm still exploring the parameters and consequences of
> the existing, documented policy.  If that policy seems to militate for
> difficult, unworkable, or absurd outcomes, then that's a feature, not a
> bug--for evidence-gathering purposes.

Indeed, you mentioned before that such evidence-gathering is the point
of your current work in that respect.  While personally, i would not
have chosen to do such an experiment on a living, real-world
software package (for fear of being accused of animal cruelty),
i do not object to your approach because when i ignore the
evidence-gathering aspect, my impression is that every commit
you are doing in this context is an improvement, so i'm happy
to not whine about the cruel motivation.  :-D

> But, in the meantime, a simpler, alternative approach occurs to me.
> Since, as you note, for natural persons, the clock on copyright expiry
> doesn't start running until death anyway,

Waitwaitwait, while i *think* that is true in *most* countries
as far as computer program code is concerned, now the fact that
IANAL becomes even more relevant.  I'm *not* convinced it is
strictly true for all countries.  Besides, a free software
package may include files where the Copyright does expire
some number of years after creation or publication in many
countries, for example audiovisual or photographic works,
and some kinds of ASCII art (or similar) might perhaps qualify
as "applied art", too.  Heck, some source code may be so obfucated
that some might call it "applied art" (though i have my doubts
whether or not a judge in, say, Vanuatu might concur).

Oh wait.  The (for serious work) notoriously unreliable Wikipedia
utters the opinion that in Bahrain, the Copyright duration for
computer software might be "40 years from publication or 50 years
from completion, whichever is shorter", whatever "completion" may
mean with respect to software.  Are you really planning to make
life miserable for the poor people of Bahrain?

> we could just quit attaching
> years to their copyright notices in the first place.  The fact of, and
> to only a slightly lesser extent, the calendar year of a person's death
> is in almost every case better documented and more easily decided than
> when slowly aggregating small-scale changes become "original".  Further,
> since the timer on natural persons' copyrights runs for _decades_
> following death, there is plenty of time to locate an obituary or other
> documentation and to decide the boundaries of their copyrightable work.

While this argument sounds reasonable on first sight, i'm not
fully convinced even when disregarding Bahrain.  Sometimes, a lawsuit
may require proof that a specific natural person did indeed write
specific parts of the code, and in such cases, having at least a
rough first impression who changed the code when may help to speed up
the ensuing detective work.  Admittedly, not a very strong argument;
but still, i think the years add a bit of flesh to the indicative
nature of the notices.

Besides, there is also the purely moral aspect of giving credit
where it is due, even if there should be no legal consideration.
I think knowing who changed the code when is often interesting
in its own right.  Sure, that usually doesn't require particularly
high precision, but for example, i think this excerpt from the
LICENSE file of the latest mandoc release gives a much better
impression of what was really going on than removing the dates
would:

Copyright (c) 2010-2022 Ingo Schwarze
Copyright (c) 2008-2012, 2014 Kristaps Dzonsons
Copyright (c) 1999, 2004, 2017 Marc Espie
Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Joerg Sonnenberger
Copyright (c) 2013 Franco Fichtner
Copyright (c) 2014 Baptiste Daroussin
Copyright (c) 2016 Ed Maste
Copyright (c) 2017 Michael Stapelberg
Copyright (c) 2017 Anthony Bentley
Copyright (c) 2022 Anna Vyalkova
Copyright (c) 1998, 2004, 2010, 2015 Todd C. Miller
Copyright (c) 2008, 2017 Otto Moerbeek
Copyright (c) 2004 Ted Unangst
Copyright (c) 1994 Christos Zoulas
Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, 2008, 2014 Jason McIntyre

For example, the gradual transfer of maintainership from Kristaps
to myself around 2010-2012 immediately stands out, you immediately
see that Joerg Sonnenberger was a regular contributor in the early
years, that Jason McIntyre has contributed in low intensity, but
over a very long time, that Anna Vyalkova contributed one single
major patch, and that the contibution of Christos Zoulas
resulted from reuse of generic code he published much earlier.

All that seems interesting to me.

Also pay attention to the license.  If the license requires preserving
the Copyright notice, then i think correcting factual errors in the
Copyright notice is still OK (and, actually, desirable), but whether
removing accurate information from a Copyright notice that you are
bound to preserve is permissible might be a tricky legal question.
I don't rightly know how to judge that particular point...
Maybe better safe than sorry?

> The foregoing is no help for the FSF, which under current law needs to
> start worrying about currently copyrighted bits of GNU Emacs falling
> into the public domain in about 2078.

By that time, those parts may also fall below the rising surface
of the oceans, i fear.  Again, it depends on the legal system of
the particular state, but i fear it's almost certainly true in
Vanuatu - and maybe even in some parts of Massachusetts, where,
IIUC, the FSF is located.

Yours,
  Ingo

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