In Go, everything is passed by value: that is, assignments and function
calls make a copy of the value.
However, some types are effectively structs which contain pointers embedded
within them. Strings, slices, maps, channels and interface values fall
into this category.
string is roughly equivalent to:
struct {
ptr *byte // immutable
len int
}
[]byte is roughly equivalent to:
struct {
buf *byte
len int
cap int
}
When you assign one of these values, or pass it as a parameter to a
function, then the struct is copied by value - e.g. if the struct is 16
bytes then you're copying 16 bytes - but both copies contain a pointer to
the same underlying data (which could be larger or smaller).
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