diff --git a/gcc/collect-utils.h b/gcc/collect-utils.h
index 3ed80271fdb..50b4bba9a0b 100644
--- a/gcc/collect-utils.h
+++ b/gcc/collect-utils.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ extern int collect_wait (const char *, struct pex_obj *);
extern void do_wait (const char *, struct pex_obj *);
extern void fork_execute (const char *, char **, bool, const char *);
extern void utils_cleanup (bool);
-
+extern const char *read_collect_gcc_options (void);
extern bool debug;
extern bool verbose;
diff --git a/gcc/collect2.cc b/gcc/collect2.cc
index 6985e0b4d15..c7b0ad4321a 100644
--- a/gcc/collect2.cc
+++ b/gcc/collect2.cc
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
/* Now pick up any flags we want early from COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS
The LTO options are passed here as are other options that might
be unsuitable for ld (e.g. -save-temps). */
- p = getenv ("COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS");
+ p = read_collect_gcc_options ();
while (p && *p)
{
const char *q = extract_string (&p);
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
AIX support needs to know if -shared has been specified before
parsing commandline arguments. */
- p = getenv ("COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS");
+ p = read_collect_gcc_options ();
while (p && *p)
{
const char *q = extract_string (&p);
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
fprintf (stderr, "o_file = %s\n",
(o_file ? o_file : "not found"));
- ptr = getenv ("COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS");
+ ptr = read_collect_gcc_options ();
if (ptr)
fprintf (stderr, "COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS = %s\n", ptr);
diff --git a/gcc/defaults.h b/gcc/defaults.h
index 87f710697f0..1b579339451 100644
--- a/gcc/defaults.h
+++ b/gcc/defaults.h
@@ -1463,4 +1463,10 @@ see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.
If not, see
typedef TARGET_UNIT target_unit;
#endif
+/* Maximum length of COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS before the driver spills it
+ to a response file. Hosts with tighter limits may override this. */
+#ifndef COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS_MAX_LENGTH
+#define COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS_MAX_LENGTH 1024
+#endif
+
#endif /* ! GCC_DEFAULTS_H */
diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
index 339d1d2c97a..d97186715c2 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
@@ -37775,6 +37775,14 @@ set and it cannot connect to it.
This feature is experimental and subject to change or removal without
notice.
+
+@vindex COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS
+@item COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS
+Set by the driver and read by @command{collect2}, @command{lto-wrapper},
+and the LTO linker plugin to pass the driver's option list. If
+the list would exceed @code{COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS_MAX_LENGTH} bytes,
+the driver writes it to a temporary file and sets this variable to
+@samp{@@@var{path}} instead.
@end table
@noindent
diff --git a/gcc/gcc.cc b/gcc/gcc.cc
index 0ed2cd96be1..b03e84dd9f5 100644
--- a/gcc/gcc.cc
+++ b/gcc/gcc.cc
@@ -5659,6 +5659,52 @@ process_command (unsigned int decoded_options_count,
infiles[n_infiles].name = 0;
}
+/* Set COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS in the environment. If the value would
+ exceed COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS_MAX_LENGTH, spill it to a temporary
+ response file and set the variable to @<path> instead. */
+
+static void
+xsetenv_collect_gcc_options (char *string)
+{
+ if (strlen (string) <= COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS_MAX_LENGTH)
+ {
+ xputenv (string);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ static const char prefix[] = "COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS=";
+ gcc_assert (startswith (string, prefix));
+
+ /* parse_options_from_collect_gcc_options expects argc to start
+ at 1, so push a placeholder argv[0]. */
+ struct obstack argv_obstack;
+ obstack_init (&argv_obstack);
+ obstack_ptr_grow (&argv_obstack, const_cast<char *> (progname));
+ int argc;
+ parse_options_from_collect_gcc_options (string + sizeof (prefix) - 1,
+ &argv_obstack, &argc);
+ char **argv = XOBFINISH (&argv_obstack, char **);
+
+ char *temp_file = make_temp_file ("");
+ FILE *f = fopen (temp_file, "wb");
+ if (f == nullptr)
+ fatal_error (input_location,
+ "cannot open response file %qs: %m", temp_file);
+ /* writeargv walks until NULL; skip our placeholder argv[0]. */
+ if (writeargv (argv + 1, f) != 0)
+ fatal_error (input_location,
+ "cannot write response file %qs: %m", temp_file);
+ if (fclose (f) != 0)
+ fatal_error (input_location,
+ "cannot close response file %qs: %m", temp_file);
+
+ char *env_val = concat (prefix, "@", temp_file, nullptr);
+ /* Delete on both success and failure unless -save-temps. */
+ record_temp_file (temp_file, !save_temps_flag, !save_temps_flag);
+ obstack_free (&argv_obstack, nullptr);
+ xputenv (env_val);
+}
+
/* Store switches not filtered out by %<S in spec in COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS
and place that in the environment. */
@@ -5737,7 +5783,7 @@ set_collect_gcc_options (void)
}
obstack_grow (&collect_obstack, "\0", 1);
- xputenv (XOBFINISH (&collect_obstack, char *));
+ xsetenv_collect_gcc_options (XOBFINISH (&collect_obstack, char *));
}
/* Process a spec string, accumulating and running commands. */
diff --git a/gcc/lto-wrapper.cc b/gcc/lto-wrapper.cc
index 9610fa5b7a8..9c90377099d 100644
--- a/gcc/lto-wrapper.cc
+++ b/gcc/lto-wrapper.cc
@@ -1418,7 +1418,7 @@ run_gcc (unsigned argc, char *argv[])
char *list_option_full = NULL;
const char *linker_output = NULL;
const char *collect_gcc;
- char *collect_gcc_options;
+ const char *collect_gcc_options;
int parallel = 0;
int jobserver = 0;
bool jobserver_requested = false;
@@ -1452,7 +1452,7 @@ run_gcc (unsigned argc, char *argv[])
if (!collect_gcc)
fatal_error (input_location,
"environment variable %<COLLECT_GCC%> must be set");
- collect_gcc_options = getenv ("COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS");
+ collect_gcc_options = read_collect_gcc_options ();
if (!collect_gcc_options)
fatal_error (input_location,
"environment variable %<COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS%> must be set");
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.misc-tests/pr111527.exp
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.misc-tests/pr111527.exp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf335871996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.misc-tests/pr111527.exp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see
+# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# PR driver/111527 - very long COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS exceeding
+# COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS_MAX_LENGTH. The driver should spill
+# the option list to a response file when it would not fit.
+
+load_lib gcc-defs.exp
+load_lib target-supports.exp
+
+if { [is_remote host] } {
+ return
+}
+
+global GCC_UNDER_TEST
+if { ![info exists GCC_UNDER_TEST] } {
+ set GCC_UNDER_TEST [find_gcc]
+}
+
+# Use @file rather than additional_flags: DejaGnu collapses very
+# long flag strings. The driver still expands @file into argv and
+# builds COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS from it, exercising the spill path.
+set work_dir [pwd]
+set src [file join $work_dir "pr111527.c"]
+set rsp [file join $work_dir "pr111527.rsp"]
+set obj [file join $work_dir "pr111527.o"]
+
+set f [open $src w]
+puts $f "int main (void) { return 0; }"
+close $f
+
+set f [open $rsp w]
+for { set i 0 } { $i < 50 } { incr i } {
+ puts $f "-DPR111527_PADDING_$i=1"
+}
+close $f
+
+# (1) Build must succeed.
+set cmd "$GCC_UNDER_TEST -c $src -o $obj @$rsp"
+verbose -log "Test 1: $cmd"
+set status [remote_exec host $cmd]
+set rc [lindex $status 0]
+set out [lindex $status 1]
+if { $rc == 0 } {
+ pass "PR111527: build with very long COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS"
+} else {
+ fail "PR111527: build with very long COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS"
+ verbose -log "compiler output: $out"
+}
+file delete -force $obj
+
+# (2) Confirm spill path engaged.
+set cmd "$GCC_UNDER_TEST -v -c $src -o $obj @$rsp"
+verbose -log "Test 2: $cmd"
+set status [remote_exec host $cmd]
+set out [lindex $status 1]
+if { [regexp {COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS=@[^[:space:]]+} $out] } {
+ pass "PR111527: driver spilled to @file"
+} else {
+ fail "PR111527: driver spilled to @file"
+ verbose -log "compiler output: $out"
+}
+
+file delete -force $obj
+file delete -force $rsp
+file delete -force $src
diff --git a/lto-plugin/lto-plugin.c b/lto-plugin/lto-plugin.c
index ffa4fe1552f..569ebe539d1 100644
--- a/lto-plugin/lto-plugin.c
+++ b/lto-plugin/lto-plugin.c
@@ -1506,6 +1506,72 @@ negotiate_api_version (void)
}
}
+/* Append ARG to *BUFP in COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS shell-quoted form
+ (each arg in single quotes, embedded ' becomes '\''), growing
+ the buffer as needed. */
+
+static void
+append_quoted_to_buf (char **bufp, size_t *posp, size_t *capp,
+ const char *arg, bool first)
+{
+ /* 4 bytes per char worst case, plus quotes and separator. */
+ size_t need = strlen (arg) * 4 + 4;
+ if (*posp + need + 1 > *capp)
+ {
+ *capp = (*posp + need + 1) * 2;
+ *bufp = XRESIZEVAR (char, *bufp, *capp);
+ }
+ char *p = *bufp + *posp;
+ if (!first)
+ *p++ = ' ';
+ *p++ = '\'';
+ for (const char *q = arg; *q; q++)
+ {
+ if (*q == '\'')
+ {
+ *p++ = '\''; *p++ = '\\'; *p++ = '\''; *p++ = '\'';
+ }
+ else
+ *p++ = *q;
+ }
+ *p++ = '\'';
+ *posp = p - *bufp;
+}
+
+/* Return COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS, expanding @file into the shell-quoted
+ text expected by onload. Result owned by an internal cache. */
+
+static const char *
+read_collect_gcc_options (void)
+{
+ static char *cached;
+
+ const char *raw = getenv ("COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS");
+ if (raw == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+ if (raw[0] != '@')
+ return raw;
+
+ int argc = 2;
+ char **argv = (char **) xcalloc (3, sizeof (char *));
+ argv[0] = xstrdup ("lto-plugin");
+ argv[1] = xstrdup (raw);
+ argv[2] = NULL;
+ expandargv (&argc, &argv);
+
+ size_t cap = 256, pos = 0;
+ char *buf = (char *) xmalloc (cap);
+ buf[0] = '\0';
+ for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+ append_quoted_to_buf (&buf, &pos, &cap, argv[i], i == 1);
+ buf[pos] = '\0';
+ freeargv (argv);
+
+ free (cached);
+ cached = buf;
+ return cached;
+}
+
/* Called by a linker after loading the plugin. TV is the transfer vector. */
enum ld_plugin_status
@@ -1617,7 +1683,7 @@ onload (struct ld_plugin_tv *tv)
"could not register the all_symbols_read callback");
}
- char *collect_gcc_options = getenv ("COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS");
+ const char *collect_gcc_options = read_collect_gcc_options ();
if (collect_gcc_options)
{
/* Support -fno-use-linker-plugin by failing to load the plugin
--
2.43.0
