Hi!

The following testcase ICEs in tsubst_pack_expansion, we trigger the
gcc_assert (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (orig_arg));
assertion.  But in this case, retrieve_local_specialization doesn't
return the expected DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P, but ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT instead.
That is because it has been registered earlier in
gen_elem_of_pack_expansion_instantiation
in
              aps = make_argument_pack_select (arg_pack, index);
              if (!mark_used (parm, complain) && !(complain & tf_error))
                return error_mark_node;
              register_local_specialization (aps, parm);
The following patch just stops assuming retrieve_local_specialization
has to return DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P, but allows also ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT.
The patch is large due to reindentation, with diff -upb it is just

@@ -14309,8 +14309,9 @@ tsubst_pack_expansion (tree t, tree args
       else if (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (parm_pack))
        {
          orig_arg = retrieve_local_specialization (parm_pack);
+         if (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (orig_arg))
+           {
        expand_sb_pack:
-         gcc_assert (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (orig_arg));
          if (TREE_TYPE (orig_arg) == error_mark_node)
            return error_mark_node;
          gcc_assert (DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (orig_arg));
@@ -14339,6 +14340,12 @@ tsubst_pack_expansion (tree t, tree args
            }
        }
       else
+           {
+             gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (orig_arg) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT);
+             arg_pack = orig_arg;
+           }
+       }
+      else
         {
          int idx;
           template_parm_level_and_index (parm_pack, &level, &idx);

Bootstrapped/regtested on x86_64-linux and i686-linux, ok for trunk?

2026-06-05  Jakub Jelinek  <[email protected]>

        PR c++/125591
        * pt.cc (tsubst_pack_expansion): Don't require
        retrieve_local_specialization on structured binding to
        always return structured binding, instead handle if it returns
        ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT.

        * g++.dg/cpp26/decomp31.C: New test.

--- gcc/cp/pt.cc.jj     2026-06-04 10:14:24.000000000 +0200
+++ gcc/cp/pt.cc        2026-06-04 11:56:57.660514412 +0200
@@ -14265,33 +14265,40 @@ tsubst_pack_expansion (tree t, tree args
       else if (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (parm_pack))
        {
          orig_arg = retrieve_local_specialization (parm_pack);
-       expand_sb_pack:
-         gcc_assert (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (orig_arg));
-         if (TREE_TYPE (orig_arg) == error_mark_node)
-           return error_mark_node;
-         gcc_assert (DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (orig_arg));
-         arg_pack = DECL_VALUE_EXPR (orig_arg);
-         if (TREE_CODE (arg_pack) != ARRAY_REF)
+         if (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (orig_arg))
            {
-             /* Structured binding packs when initializer is non-dependent
-                should have their DECL_VALUE_EXPR set to a TREE_VEC.  See
-                cp_finish_decomp comment above the packv variable for
-                details.  */
-             tree vec = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arg_pack) - 2);
-             if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (vec))
-               memcpy (TREE_VEC_BEGIN (vec), &TREE_VEC_ELT (arg_pack, 2),
-                       TREE_VEC_LENGTH (vec) * sizeof (tree));
-             arg_pack = make_node (NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
-             ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg_pack) = vec;
+           expand_sb_pack:
+             if (TREE_TYPE (orig_arg) == error_mark_node)
+               return error_mark_node;
+             gcc_assert (DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (orig_arg));
+             arg_pack = DECL_VALUE_EXPR (orig_arg);
+             if (TREE_CODE (arg_pack) != ARRAY_REF)
+               {
+                 /* Structured binding packs when initializer is non-dependent
+                    should have their DECL_VALUE_EXPR set to a TREE_VEC.  See
+                    cp_finish_decomp comment above the packv variable for
+                    details.  */
+                 tree vec = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arg_pack) - 2);
+                 if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (vec))
+                   memcpy (TREE_VEC_BEGIN (vec), &TREE_VEC_ELT (arg_pack, 2),
+                           TREE_VEC_LENGTH (vec) * sizeof (tree));
+                 arg_pack = make_node (NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
+                 ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg_pack) = vec;
+               }
+             else
+               {
+                 /* If the structured binding pack has type dependent
+                    base, we can't expand it yet.  */
+                 tree base = TREE_OPERAND (arg_pack, 0);
+                 gcc_assert (VAR_P (base)
+                             && type_dependent_expression_p (base));
+                 arg_pack = NULL_TREE;
+               }
            }
          else
            {
-             /* If the structured binding pack has type dependent
-                base, we can't expand it yet.  */
-             tree base = TREE_OPERAND (arg_pack, 0);
-             gcc_assert (VAR_P (base)
-                         && type_dependent_expression_p (base));
-             arg_pack = NULL_TREE;
+             gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (orig_arg) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT);
+             arg_pack = orig_arg;
            }
        }
       else
--- gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp26/decomp31.C.jj    2026-06-04 12:05:14.975054168 
+0200
+++ gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp26/decomp31.C       2026-06-04 12:11:57.886790758 
+0200
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// PR c++/125591
+// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
+// { dg-options "" }
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+concept is_same_v = __is_same (T, U);
+
+struct A { int x, y, z; };
+struct B { int x; long y; };
+
+template <class V>
+consteval bool
+foo ()
+{
+  constexpr auto [...Ms] = V {};               // { dg-warning "structured 
binding packs only available with" "" { target c++23_down } }
+                                               // { dg-warning "structured 
binding declaration can be 'constexpr' only with" "" { target c++23_down } .-1 }
+  using T = decltype (Ms...[0]);               // { dg-warning "pack indexing 
only available with" "" { target c++23_down } }
+  return (is_same_v<decltype(Ms), T> && ...);
+}

        Jakub

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