I noticed that OpenMP 6.0 clarified the use of allocators
for variables with the SAVE attribute. For those, only
predefined allocators may be used - but among them are those
imply that the memory is not device global (access trait = device),
but that each contention group, team, or thread *might* have
a private copy. (See PR for the exact wording.)
And OpenMP 6.0 clarified not only the semantic of using the
latter, but added a restriction such that using them is only
permitted for 'local static variables' (glossary term).
Well, this patch attempts to implement those checks. The
wording implies that COMMON blocks are fine in
subroutine and function - but not in block data, module
specification parts or in the specification part of the
main program - even though all of them refer to the same
storage! Hence, this patch applies the check to all common
block definitions → just filed OpenMP spec issue#4665 for this. Any comment before I commit this? * * * Note: GCC
currently ignored the allocator (but not the specified alignment) for
static/SAVE variables; that's documented at
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libgomp/Memory-allocation.html In the
future, it could use them on the device side - using per-team memory -
as variant to 'groupprivate'. Or we just keep ignoring the allocator as
we currently to ... Tobias PS: For C a likewise check is missing. For
C++, a revised patch that implements the directive should be submitted
soon. Whether the check will be done soon (only for C), as part of that
patch (for C/C++ or adding the C++ only), or after that patch landed is
unknown. But it will eventually be implemented.
OpenMP/Fortran: Reject ALLOCATE on non-local static variables with trait:cgroup/pteam/thread [PR122892]
OpenMP 6.0 clarified that static-storage objects may only specify the
omp_cgroup_mem_alloc, omp_pteam_mem_alloc, or omp_thread_mem_alloc allocator
inside a BLOCK or procedure. Let's check for this for Fortran.
PR c/122892
gcc/fortran/ChangeLog:
* openmp.cc (gfc_resolve_omp_allocate): Reject non-local
static variables with cgroup/pteam/thread allocators.
* parse.cc: Permit OMP ALLOCATE in BLOCK DATA.
gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
* gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-15.f90: Use another allocator as
omp_{cgroup,pteam}_mem_alloc is invalid for non-local static vars.
* gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-7.f90: Likewise.
* gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-static-3.f90: New test.
gcc/fortran/openmp.cc | 27 ++-
gcc/fortran/parse.cc | 1 +
gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-15.f90 | 2 +-
gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-7.f90 | 4 +-
.../gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-static-3.f90 | 245 +++++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 275 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/gcc/fortran/openmp.cc b/gcc/fortran/openmp.cc
index f047028187f..e847c1c0c08 100644
--- a/gcc/fortran/openmp.cc
+++ b/gcc/fortran/openmp.cc
@@ -8682,7 +8682,8 @@ gfc_resolve_omp_allocate (gfc_namespace *ns, gfc_omp_namelist *list)
if (n->sym->attr.in_common || n->sym->attr.save || n->sym->ns->save_all
|| (n->sym->ns->proc_name
&& (n->sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_PROGRAM
- || n->sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_MODULE)))
+ || n->sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_MODULE
+ || n->sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_BLOCK_DATA)))
{
bool com = n->sym->attr.in_common;
if (!n->u2.allocator)
@@ -8696,6 +8697,30 @@ gfc_resolve_omp_allocate (gfc_namespace *ns, gfc_omp_namelist *list)
&n->u2.allocator->where, com ? "/" : "",
com ? n->sym->common_head->name : n->sym->name,
com ? "/" : "", &n->where);
+ /* Only local static variables might use omp_cgroup_mem_alloc (6),
+ omp_pteam_mem_alloc (7), or omp_thread_mem_alloc (8). */
+ else if ((!ns->proc_name
+ || ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_PROGRAM
+ || ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_BLOCK_DATA
+ || ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_MODULE
+ || com)
+ && mpz_cmp_si (n->u2.allocator->value.integer,
+ 6 /* cgroup */) >= 0
+ && mpz_cmp_si (n->u2.allocator->value.integer,
+ 8 /* thread */) <= 0)
+ {
+ const char *alloc_name[] = {"omp_cgroup_mem_alloc",
+ "omp_pteam_mem_alloc",
+ "omp_thread_mem_alloc" };
+ gfc_error ("Predefined allocator %qs in ALLOCATOR clause at %L, "
+ "used for list item %<%s%s%s%> at %L, may only be used"
+ " for local static variables",
+ alloc_name[mpz_get_ui (n->u2.allocator->value.integer)
+ - 6 /* cgroup */], &n->u2.allocator->where,
+ com ? "/" : "",
+ com ? n->sym->common_head->name : n->sym->name,
+ com ? "/" : "", &n->where);
+ }
while (n->sym->attr.in_common && n->next && n->next->sym
&& n->sym->common_head == n->next->sym->common_head)
n = n->next;
diff --git a/gcc/fortran/parse.cc b/gcc/fortran/parse.cc
index 3fd45b9518e..df8570bad28 100644
--- a/gcc/fortran/parse.cc
+++ b/gcc/fortran/parse.cc
@@ -4444,6 +4444,7 @@ loop:
case ST_EQUIVALENCE:
case ST_IMPLICIT:
case ST_IMPLICIT_NONE:
+ case ST_OMP_ALLOCATE:
case ST_OMP_GROUPPRIVATE:
case ST_OMP_THREADPRIVATE:
case ST_PARAMETER:
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-15.f90 b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-15.f90
index e3ef841442b..55e4a1a6577 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-15.f90
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-15.f90
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ subroutine common
use m
integer :: a,b,c(5)
common /my/ a,b,c ! { dg-error "Sorry, !.OMP allocate for COMMON block variable 'my' at .1. not supported" }
- !$omp allocate(/my/) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/my/) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
end
integer function allocators() result(res)
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-7.f90 b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-7.f90
index ab85e327795..e919f78ce6d 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-7.f90
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-7.f90
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ common /com4/ y,z
allocatable :: q
pointer :: b
!$omp allocate (c, d) allocator (omp_pteam_mem_alloc)
-!$omp allocate (/com4/) allocator (omp_pteam_mem_alloc)
+!$omp allocate (/com4/) allocator (omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
!$omp allocate (c) allocator (omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Duplicated variable 'c' in !.OMP ALLOCATE" }
-!$omp allocate (/com4/) allocator (omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Duplicated common block '/com4/' in !.OMP ALLOCATE" }
+!$omp allocate (/com4/) allocator (omp_low_lat_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Duplicated common block '/com4/' in !.OMP ALLOCATE" }
!$omp allocate(q,x) ! { dg-error "Unexpected allocatable variable 'q' at .1. in declarative !.OMP ALLOCATE directive" }
!$omp allocate(b,e) ! { dg-error "Unexpected pointer variable 'b' at .1. in declarative !.OMP ALLOCATE directive" }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-static-3.f90 b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-static-3.f90
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..28a638c6f24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/gomp/allocate-static-3.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+! { dg-do compile }
+!
+! PR fortran/122892
+!
+! OpenMP 6.0 clarified that the omp_{cgroup,pteam,thread}_mem_alloc
+! (i.e. those with access trait != device) may only be used for
+! static local variables.
+! Check for this!
+
+module omp_lib_kinds
+ use iso_c_binding, only: c_int, c_intptr_t
+ implicit none
+ private :: c_int, c_intptr_t
+ integer, parameter :: omp_allocator_handle_kind = c_intptr_t
+
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_null_allocator = 0
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_default_mem_alloc = 1
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_large_cap_mem_alloc = 2
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_const_mem_alloc = 3
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_high_bw_mem_alloc = 4
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_low_lat_mem_alloc = 5
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_cgroup_mem_alloc = 6
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_pteam_mem_alloc = 7
+ integer (kind=omp_allocator_handle_kind), &
+ parameter :: omp_thread_mem_alloc = 8
+end module
+
+block data
+ use omp_lib_kinds
+ implicit none
+ integer :: i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8
+ common /b_i1/ i1
+ common /b_i2/ i2
+ common /b_i3/ i3
+ common /b_i4/ i4
+ common /b_i5/ i5
+ common /b_i6/ i6
+ common /b_i7/ i7
+ common /b_i8/ i8
+
+ data i1 / 1 /
+ data i2 / 2 /
+ data i3 / 3 /
+ data i4 / 4 /
+ data i5 / 5 /
+ data i6 / 6 /
+ data i7 / 7 /
+ data i8 / 8 /
+
+ !$omp allocate(/b_i1/) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_i2/) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_i3/) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_i4/) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_i5/) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_i6/) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_cgroup_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_i6/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_i7/) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_pteam_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_i7/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_i8/) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_thread_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_i8/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+end block data
+
+block data my_block_data
+ use omp_lib_kinds
+ implicit none
+ integer :: j1,j2,j3,j4,j5,j6,j7,j8
+ common /b_j1/ j1
+ common /b_j2/ j2
+ common /b_j3/ j3
+ common /b_j4/ j4
+ common /b_j5/ j5
+ common /b_j6/ j6
+ common /b_j7/ j7
+ common /b_j8/ j8
+
+ data j1 / 1 /
+ data j2 / 2 /
+ data j3 / 3 /
+ data j4 / 4 /
+ data j5 / 5 /
+ data j6 / 6 /
+ data j7 / 7 /
+ data j8 / 8 /
+
+ !$omp allocate(/b_j1/) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_j2/) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_j3/) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_j4/) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_j5/) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_j6/) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_cgroup_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_j6/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_j7/) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_pteam_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_j7/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_j8/) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_thread_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_j8/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+end block data my_block_data
+
+module m
+ use omp_lib_kinds
+ implicit none
+
+ integer :: a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8
+ integer :: b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6,b7,b8
+ common /b_b1/ b1
+ common /b_b2/ b2
+ common /b_b3/ b3
+ common /b_b4/ b4
+ common /b_b5/ b5
+ common /b_b6/ b6
+ common /b_b7/ b7
+ common /b_b8/ b8
+
+ !$omp allocate(a1) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(a2) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(a3) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(a4) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(a5) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(a6) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_cgroup_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item 'a6' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(a7) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_pteam_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item 'a7' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(a8) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_thread_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item 'a8' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+
+ !$omp allocate(/b_b1/) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_b2/) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_b3/) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_b4/) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_b5/) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_b6/) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_cgroup_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_b6/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_b7/) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_pteam_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_b7/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_b8/) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_thread_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_b8/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+end
+
+program main
+ use omp_lib_kinds
+ implicit none
+
+ integer m1,m2,m3,m4,m5,m6,m7,m8
+ integer n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8
+ common /b_n1/ n1
+ common /b_n2/ n2
+ common /b_n3/ n3
+ common /b_n4/ n4
+ common /b_n5/ n5
+ common /b_n6/ n6
+ common /b_n7/ n7
+ common /b_n8/ n8
+
+ !$omp allocate(m1) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(m2) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(m3) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(m4) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(m5) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(m6) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_cgroup_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item 'm6' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(m7) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_pteam_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item 'm7' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(m8) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_thread_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item 'm8' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+
+ !$omp allocate(/b_n1/) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_n2/) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_n3/) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_n4/) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_n5/) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_n6/) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_cgroup_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_n6/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_n7/) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_pteam_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_n7/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_n8/) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_thread_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_n8/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+
+ block
+ integer, save :: o1,o2,o3,o4,o5,o6,o7,o8
+ ! NOTE: COMMON statement is not allowed inside of BLOCK
+
+ !$omp allocate(o1) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(o2) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(o3) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(o4) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(o5) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(o6) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(o7) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(o8) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc)
+ end block
+end
+
+subroutine sub
+ use omp_lib_kinds
+ implicit none
+
+ integer, save :: s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7,s8
+ integer t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8
+ common /b_t1/ t1
+ common /b_t2/ t2
+ common /b_t3/ t3
+ common /b_t4/ t4
+ common /b_t5/ t5
+ common /b_t6/ t6
+ common /b_t7/ t7
+ common /b_t8/ t8
+
+ !$omp allocate(s1) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(s2) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(s3) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(s4) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(s5) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(s6) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(s7) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(s8) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc)
+
+ !$omp allocate(/b_t1/) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_t2/) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_t3/) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_t4/) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_t5/) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_t6/) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_cgroup_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_t6/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_t7/) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_pteam_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_t7/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_t8/) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_thread_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_t8/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+contains
+ integer function func()
+ integer, save :: q1,q2,q3,q4,q5,q6,q7,q8
+ integer r1,r2,r3,r4,r5,r6,r7,r8
+ common /b_r1/ r1
+ common /b_r2/ r2
+ common /b_r3/ r3
+ common /b_r4/ r4
+ common /b_r5/ r5
+ common /b_r6/ r6
+ common /b_r7/ r7
+ common /b_r8/ r8
+
+ !$omp allocate(q1) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(q2) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(q3) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(q4) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(q5) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(q6) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(q7) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(q8) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc)
+
+ !$omp allocate(/b_r1/) allocator(omp_default_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_r2/) allocator(omp_large_cap_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_r3/) allocator(omp_const_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_r4/) allocator(omp_high_bw_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_r5/) allocator(omp_low_lat_mem_alloc)
+ !$omp allocate(/b_r6/) allocator(omp_cgroup_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_cgroup_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_r6/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_r7/) allocator(omp_pteam_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_pteam_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_r7/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ !$omp allocate(/b_r8/) allocator(omp_thread_mem_alloc) ! { dg-error "Predefined allocator 'omp_thread_mem_alloc' in ALLOCATOR clause at .1., used for list item '/b_r8/' at .2., may only be used for local static variables" }
+ end function
+end subroutine
