On Tue, Sep 2, 2025 at 10:07 AM Luc Grosheintz <[email protected]>
wrote:

> This is a partial implementation of P2781R9. It adds std::cw and
> std::constant_wrapper, but doesn't modify __integral_constant_like for
> span/mdspan.
>
> libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
>
>         * include/bits/version.def (constant_wrapper): Add.
>         * include/bits/version.h: Regenerate.
>         * include/std/type_traits (_CwFixedValue): New class.
>         (_IndexSequence): New struct.
>         (_BuildIndexSequence): New struct.
>         (_ConstExprParam): New concept.
>         (_CwOperators): New struct.
>         (constant_wrapper): New struct.
>         (cw): New global constant.
>         * src/c++23/std.cc.in (constant_wrapper): Add.
>         (cw): Add.
>         * testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/adl.cc: New test.
>         * testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/ex.cc: New test.
>         * testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/generic.cc: New test.
>         * testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/instantiate.cc: New test.
>         * testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/op_comma_neg.cc: New test.
>         * testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/version.cc: New test.
>
> Signed-off-by: Luc Grosheintz <[email protected]>
>
Thanks, the implementation looks really solid. I have included decent
amount of suggestion
for the test, but this is mostly additional test cases.

Generally, I would like to see additional test file, that would test with
other constant-wrapper like,
like integral_constant, and one defined in the test. Testing a few
operators should be fine.

For binary operators, we should also check that adding runtime value (like
integer) produces
runtime result, and not constant_wrapper. Similarly a small separate test
should be fine.

Finally, the assignment operators may work at runtime, if we have:
struct ConstAssignable // tuple<int&>
{
   ConstAssignable const& operator=(int) const
   { return *this; }
};

cw<ConstAssignable> = 10; // would also compile and produce ConstAssignable.


---
>  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def         |   8 +
>  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h           |  10 +
>  libstdc++-v3/include/std/type_traits          | 371 +++++++++++
>  libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in              |   4 +
>  .../testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/adl.cc |  42 ++
>  .../testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/ex.cc  |  45 ++
>  .../20_util/constant_wrapper/generic.cc       | 252 ++++++++
>  .../20_util/constant_wrapper/instantiate.cc   | 575 ++++++++++++++++++
>  .../20_util/constant_wrapper/op_comma_neg.cc  |  14 +
>  .../20_util/constant_wrapper/version.cc       |  11 +
>  10 files changed, 1332 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/adl.cc
>  create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/ex.cc
>  create mode 100644
> libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/generic.cc
>  create mode 100644
> libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/instantiate.cc
>  create mode 100644
> libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/op_comma_neg.cc
>  create mode 100644
> libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/version.cc
>
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> index 84c755da10e..4f8d50bca30 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> @@ -393,6 +393,14 @@ ftms = {
>    };
>  };
>
> +ftms = {
> +  name = constant_wrapper;
> +  values = {
> +    v = 202506;
> +    cxxmin = 26;
> +  };
> +};
> +
>  ftms = {
>    name = has_unique_object_representations;
>    values = {
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> index 410e3205339..2403584e57a 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> @@ -430,6 +430,16 @@
>  #endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && defined(__glibcxx_want_byte) */
>  #undef __glibcxx_want_byte
>
> +#if !defined(__cpp_lib_constant_wrapper)
> +# if (__cplusplus >  202302L)
> +#  define __glibcxx_constant_wrapper 202506L
> +#  if defined(__glibcxx_want_all) ||
> defined(__glibcxx_want_constant_wrapper)
> +#   define __cpp_lib_constant_wrapper 202506L
> +#  endif
> +# endif
> +#endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_constant_wrapper) &&
> defined(__glibcxx_want_constant_wrapper) */
> +#undef __glibcxx_want_constant_wrapper
> +
>  #if !defined(__cpp_lib_has_unique_object_representations)
>  # if (__cplusplus >= 201703L) &&
> (defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_BUILTIN_HAS_UNIQ_OBJ_REP))
>  #  define __glibcxx_has_unique_object_representations 201606L
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/type_traits
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/type_traits
> index 4636457eb5a..26cbbb4fd5b 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/type_traits
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/type_traits
> @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
>
>  #define __glibcxx_want_bool_constant
>  #define __glibcxx_want_bounded_array_traits
> +#define __glibcxx_want_constant_wrapper
>  #define __glibcxx_want_has_unique_object_representations
>  #define __glibcxx_want_integral_constant_callable
>  #define __glibcxx_want_is_aggregate
> @@ -4302,6 +4303,376 @@ template<typename _Ret, typename _Fn, typename...
> _Args>
>      };
>  #endif // C++11
>
> +#ifdef __cpp_lib_constant_wrapper // C++ >= 26

I wonder if we should put it into a separate file. This would be useful if
we ever separate
type traits, and it does not seem to have any dependencies. Like
bits/constant_wrapper.h.
It will be also used by submdspan later.



+  template<typename _Tp>
> +    struct _CwFixedValue
> +    {
> +      using _S_type = _Tp;
> +
> +      constexpr
> +      _CwFixedValue(_S_type __v) noexcept
> +      : _M_data(__v) { }
> +
> +      _S_type _M_data;
> +    };
> +
> +  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
> +    struct _CwFixedValue<_Tp[_Extent]>
> +    {
> +      using _S_type = _Tp[_Extent];
> +
> +      constexpr
> +      _CwFixedValue(_Tp (&__arr)[_Extent]) noexcept
> +        : _CwFixedValue(__arr, typename
> _Build_index_tuple<_Extent>::__type())
> +      { }
> +
> +      template<size_t... _Indices>
> +       constexpr
> +       _CwFixedValue(_Tp (&__arr)[_Extent], _Index_tuple<_Indices...>)
> noexcept
> +         : _M_data{__arr[_Indices]...}
> +       { }
> +
> +      _Tp _M_data[_Extent];
> +    };
> +
> +  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
> +    _CwFixedValue(_Tp (&)[_Extent]) -> _CwFixedValue<_Tp[_Extent]>;
> +
> +  template<_CwFixedValue _Tp,
> +          typename = typename decltype(_CwFixedValue(_Tp))::_S_type>
> +    struct constant_wrapper;
> +
> +  template<typename _Tp>
> +    concept _ConstExprParam = requires
> +    {
> +      typename constant_wrapper<_Tp::value>;
> +    };
> +
> +  struct _CwOperators
> +  {
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator+(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(+_Tp::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator-(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(-_Tp::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator~(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(~_Tp::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator!(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(!_Tp::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator&(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(&_Tp::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator*(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(*_Tp::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator+(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value + _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator-(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value - _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator*(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value * _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator/(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value / _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator%(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value % _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator<<(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value << _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator>>(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value >> _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator&(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value & _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator|(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value | _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator^(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value ^ _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      requires (!is_constructible_v<bool, decltype(_Left::value)>
> +               || !is_constructible_v<bool, decltype(_Right::value)>)
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator&&(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value && _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      requires (!is_constructible_v<bool, decltype(_Left::value)>
> +               || !is_constructible_v<bool, decltype(_Right::value)>)
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator||(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value || _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator<=>(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value <=> _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator<(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value < _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator<=(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value <= _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator==(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value == _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator!=(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value != _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator>(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value > _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator>=(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value >= _Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator,(_Left, _Right) noexcept = delete;
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      friend constexpr auto
> +      operator->*(_Left, _Right) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<_Left::value->*(_Right::value)>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam... _Args>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator()(this _Tp, _Args...) noexcept
> +      requires
> +       requires(_Args...) {
> constant_wrapper<_Tp::value(_Args::value...)>(); }
> +      { return constant_wrapper<_Tp::value(_Args::value...)>{}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam... _Args>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator[](this _Tp, _Args...) noexcept
> +       -> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value[_Args::value...])>
> +      { return {}; }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator++(this _Tp) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { ++__x; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return ++__x; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator++(this _Tp, int) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x++; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x++; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator--(this _Tp) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { --__x; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return --__x; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator--(this _Tp, int) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x--; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x--; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator+=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x += _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x += _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator-=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x -= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x -= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator*=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x *= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x *= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator/=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x /= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x /= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator%=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x %= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x %= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator&=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x &= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x &= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator|=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x |= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x |= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator^=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x ^= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x ^= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator<<=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x <<= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x <<= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator>>=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
> +      requires requires(_Tp::value_type __x) { __x >>= _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = _Tp::value; return __x >>= _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +  };
> +
> +  template<_CwFixedValue _X, typename>
> +  struct constant_wrapper : _CwOperators
> +  {
> +    static constexpr const auto& value = _X._M_data;
> +    using type = constant_wrapper;
> +    using value_type = typename decltype(_X)::_S_type;
> +
> +    template<_ConstExprParam _Right>
> +      constexpr auto
> +      operator=(_Right) const noexcept
> +      requires requires(value_type __x) { __x = _Right::value; }
> +      {
> +       return constant_wrapper<
> +         [] { auto __x = value; return __x = _Right::value; }()>{};
> +      }
> +
> +    constexpr
> +    operator decltype(auto)() const noexcept
> +    { return value; }
> +  };
> +
> +  template<_CwFixedValue _Tp>
> +    constexpr auto cw = constant_wrapper<_Tp>{};
> +#endif
> +
>    /// @} group metaprogramming
>
>  _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/
> std.cc.in
> index 4888b8b4f23..a217a87330b 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
> @@ -2997,6 +2997,10 @@ export namespace std
>    using std::conditional_t;
>    using std::conjunction;
>    using std::conjunction_v;
> +#if __cpp_lib_constant_wrapper
> +  using std::constant_wrapper;
> +  using std::cw;
> +#endif
>    using std::decay;
>    using std::decay_t;
>    using std::disjunction;
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/adl.cc
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/adl.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..7ee754fe4b1
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/adl.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
> +// { dg-do run { target c++26 } }
> +#include <type_traits>
> +
> +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
> +
> +namespace adl
> +{
> +  struct Addable
> +  {
> +    double x;
> +
> +    friend constexpr Addable
> +    operator+(Addable lhs, Addable rhs)
> +    { return Addable{lhs.x + rhs.x}; }
> +
> +    friend constexpr bool
> +    operator==(Addable lhs, Addable rhs)
> +    { return lhs.x == rhs.x; }
> +  };
> +}
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_addable()
> +{
> +  auto check = [](auto a, auto b)
> +  {
> +    if constexpr (a + b == adl::Addable{5.0})
> +      return true;
> +    else
> +      return false;
> +  };
> +
> +  constexpr adl::Addable a{2.0}, b{3.0};
> +  VERIFY(check(std::cw<a>, std::cw<b>));
> +}
> +
> +int
> +main()
> +{
> +  test_addable();
> +  return 0;
> +}
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/ex.cc
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/ex.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..f46af929030
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/ex.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
> +// { dg-do run { target c++26 } }
>
This could be changed to dg-do compile, as we do not really care about
runtime value,
just final_phase compiling.

> +#include <type_traits>
> +
> +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
> +
> +constexpr auto
> +initial_phase(auto quantity_1, auto quantity_2)
> +{ return quantity_1 + quantity_2; }
> +
> +constexpr auto
> +middle_phase(auto tbd)
> +{ return tbd; }
> +
> +constexpr bool
> +final_phase(auto gathered, auto available)
> +{
> +  if constexpr (gathered == available)
> +    return true;
> +  else
> +    return false;
> +}
> +
> +void
> +impeccable_underground_planning()
> +{
> +  auto gathered_quantity = middle_phase(initial_phase(std::cw<42>,
> std::cw<13>));
> +  static_assert(gathered_quantity == 55);
> +  auto all_available = std::cw<55>;
> +  VERIFY(final_phase(gathered_quantity, all_available));
> +}
> +
> +// void
> +// deeply_flawed_underground_planning()
>
Then we could mark that we expect error from here.

> +// {
> +//   constexpr auto gathered_quantity = middle_phase(initial_phase(42,
> 13));
> +//   constexpr auto all_available = 55;
> +//   final_phase(gathered_quantity, all_available);
> +// }
> +
> +int
> +main()
> +{
> +  impeccable_underground_planning();
> +  return 0;
> +}
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/generic.cc
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/generic.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..a74ce0b1d8b
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/generic.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
> +// { dg-do run { target c++26 } }
> +#include <type_traits>
> +#include <utility>
> +
> +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_c_arrays()
>
Could you add a test for string-literals, their support was a major reason
for having all the complications.

> +{
> +  constexpr double x[] = {1.1, 2.2, 3.3};
> +  auto access = [](auto x, size_t i)
> +  { return x[i]; };
> +
> +  VERIFY(access(std::cw<x>, 0) == x[0]);
> +  VERIFY(access(std::cw<x>, 1) == x[1]);
> +  VERIFY(access(std::cw<x>, 2) == x[2]);
> +}
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_ints()
> +{
> +  std::constant_wrapper<2> two;
> +  std::constant_wrapper<3> three;
> +  std::constant_wrapper<5> five;
> +
> +  VERIFY(two + 3 == 5);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(two + 3), int>);
> +
> +  VERIFY(two + three == 5);
> +  VERIFY(two + three == five);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(two + three),
> std::constant_wrapper<5>>);
> +
> +  VERIFY(two == std::cw<2>);
> +  VERIFY(two + 3 == std::cw<5>);
> +}
> +
> +constexpr int
> +add(int i, int j)
> +{ return i + j; }
> +
> +struct Add
> +{
> +  constexpr int
> +  operator()(int i, int j) const noexcept
> +  { return i + j; }
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_function_object()
> +{
> +  auto cadd = std::cw<Add{}>;
> +  auto ci = std::cw<2>;
> +  auto cj = std::cw<3>;
> +
> +  VERIFY(cadd(ci, cj) == 5);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cadd(ci, cj)),
> std::constant_wrapper<5>>);
> +
> +  // Invalid:
> +  // VERIFY(cadd(2, cj) == 5);
> +  // VERIFY(cadd(2, 3) == 5);
>
Please add negative tests for this, they can be done by static asserting
that cadd is not invokable.

> +}
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_function_pointer()
>
+{
> +  auto cptr = std::cw<add>;
> +  auto ci = std::cw<2>;
> +  auto cj = std::cw<3>;
> +
> +  VERIFY(cptr(ci, cj) == 5);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cptr(ci, cj)),
> std::constant_wrapper<5>>);
> +
> +  VERIFY(cptr(2, cj) == 5);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cptr(2, cj)), int>);
> +
> +  VERIFY(cptr(2, 3) == 5);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cptr(2, 3)), int>);
>
Similar here, test that operator[] does not work with  runtime values.

> +}
> +
> +struct Indexable1
> +{
> +  constexpr int
> +  operator[](int i, int j) const noexcept
> +  { return i*j; }
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_indexable1()
> +{
> +  auto cind = std::cw<Indexable1{}>;
> +  auto ci = std::cw<2>;
> +  auto cj = std::cw<3>;
> +  VERIFY(cind[ci, cj] == ci*cj);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cind[ci, cj]),
> std::constant_wrapper<6>>);
> +}
> +
> +struct Indexable2
> +{
> +  template<typename I, typename J>
> +    constexpr int
> +    operator[](I i, J j) const noexcept
> +    { return i*j; }
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_indexable2()
> +{
> +  auto cind = std::cw<Indexable2{}>;
> +  auto ci = std::cw<2>;
> +  auto cj = std::cw<3>;
> +  VERIFY(cind[ci, cj] == ci*cj);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cind[ci, cj]),
> std::constant_wrapper<6>>);
> +}
> +
> +struct Indexable3
> +{
> +  template<typename... Is>
> +    constexpr int
> +    operator[](Is... i) const noexcept
> +    { return (1 * ... * i); }
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_indexable3()
> +{
> +  auto cind = std::cw<Indexable3{}>;
> +  auto ci = std::cw<2>;
> +  auto cj = std::cw<3>;
> +  VERIFY(cind[] == 1);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cind[]), std::constant_wrapper<1>>);
> +  VERIFY(cind[ci] == ci);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cind[ci]),
> std::constant_wrapper<2>>);
> +  VERIFY(cind[ci, cj] == ci*cj);
> +  static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(cind[ci, cj]),
> std::constant_wrapper<6>>);
> +}
> +
> +struct Divide
> +{
> +  int value;
> +
> +  constexpr int
> +  divide(int div) const
> +  { return value / div; }
> +
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_member_pointer()
> +{
> +  auto cdiv = std::cw<&Divide::divide>;
> +  auto co = std::cw<Divide{42}>;
> +  VERIFY(((&co)->* cdiv)(3) == co.value.value / 3);
>
I would prefer if we would also use  static_assert to check that
constant_wrapper is produced.
I think the following should also work and produce int.
  (&co)->*(&Divide::divide)
Similary:
  &co::value->cdiv

> +}
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_pseudo_mutator()
> +{
> +  auto ci = std::cw<3>;
> +  auto cmmi = --ci;
> +  VERIFY(ci.value == 3);
> +  VERIFY(cmmi.value == 2);
> +
> +  auto cimm = ci--;
> +  VERIFY(ci.value == 3);
> +  VERIFY(cimm.value == 3);
> +}
> +
> +struct Truthy
> +{
> +  constexpr operator bool() const
> +  { return true; }
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_logic()
> +{
> +  auto ctrue = std::cw<true>;
> +  auto cfalse = std::cw<false>;
> +  auto truthy = Truthy{};
> +
> +  VERIFY(ctrue && ctrue);
>
Please also add checks for the type of expression, the above should be
constant
wrapper. The remaining to not.

> +  VERIFY(ctrue || cfalse);
> +  VERIFY(truthy && true);
> +  VERIFY((std::cw<0> < std::cw<1>) && (std::cw<1> < std::cw<5>));
> +
> +  // auto ctruthy = std::cw<Truthy{}>;
>
It would be good to put them in a negative test, as we test for specific
constraint.
I mean static_assert on concept should be fine.

> +  // Invalid:
> +  // VERIFY(ctrue && ctruthy);
> +  // VERIFY(true && ctruthy);
>
+}
> +
> +struct ThreeWayComp
> +{
> +  friend
> +  constexpr std::strong_ordering
> +  operator<=>(ThreeWayComp lhs, ThreeWayComp rhs)
> +  { return lhs.value <=> rhs.value; }
> +
> +  int value;
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_three_way()
> +{
> +  VERIFY(std::cw<ThreeWayComp{0}> < std::cw<ThreeWayComp{1}>);
> +  VERIFY(std::cw<ThreeWayComp{2}> > std::cw<ThreeWayComp{1}>);
> +  VERIFY(std::cw<ThreeWayComp{2}> >= std::cw<ThreeWayComp{1}>);
> +  VERIFY(std::cw<ThreeWayComp{0}> <= std::cw<ThreeWayComp{1}>);
>
Test also with runtime values.

> +}
> +
> +struct EqualityComp
> +{
> +  friend
> +  constexpr bool
> +  operator==(EqualityComp lhs, EqualityComp rhs)
> +  { return lhs.value == rhs.value; }
> +
> +  int value;
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_equality()
> +{
> +  VERIFY(std::cw<EqualityComp{1}> == std::cw<EqualityComp{1}>);
> +  VERIFY(std::cw<EqualityComp{0}> != std::cw<EqualityComp{1}>);
>
Similar here,  test comparing against runtime values.

> +}
> +
> +constexpr bool
> +test_all()
> +{
> +  test_c_arrays();
> +  test_ints();
> +  test_function_object();
> +  test_function_pointer();
> +  test_indexable1();
> +  test_indexable2();
> +  test_indexable3();
> +  test_member_pointer();
> +  test_pseudo_mutator();
> +  test_logic();
> +  test_three_way();
> +  test_equality();
> +  return true;
> +}
> +
> +int
> +main()
> +{
> +  test_all();
> +  static_assert(test_all());
> +  return 0;
> +}
> diff --git
> a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/instantiate.cc
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/instantiate.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..4f1232598d6
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/instantiate.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
> +// { dg-do run { target c++26 } }
> +#include <type_traits>
> +#include <utility>
> +
> +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
> +
> +namespace free_ops
> +{
> +  template<int OpId>
> +    struct UnaryOps
> +    {
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator+(UnaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 0)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator-(UnaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 1)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator~(UnaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 2)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator!(UnaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 3)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator&(UnaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 4)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator*(UnaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 5)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator++(UnaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 6)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator++(UnaryOps, int) noexcept requires (OpId == 7)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator--(UnaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 8)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator--(UnaryOps, int) noexcept requires (OpId == 9)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +    };
> +}
> +
> +namespace member_ops
> +{
> +  template<int OpId>
> +    struct UnaryOps
> +    {
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator+() const noexcept requires (OpId == 0)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator-() const noexcept requires (OpId == 1)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator~() const noexcept requires (OpId == 2)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator!() const noexcept requires (OpId == 3)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator&() const noexcept requires (OpId == 4)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator*() const noexcept requires (OpId == 5)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator++() const noexcept requires (OpId == 6)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator++(int) const noexcept requires (OpId == 7)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator--() const noexcept requires (OpId == 8)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator--(int) const noexcept requires (OpId == 9)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +    };
> +}
> +
> +constexpr size_t n_unary_ops = 10;
> +
> +template<template<int> typename Ops, int OpId>
> +  constexpr void
> +  test_unary_operator()
> +  {
> +    auto x = std::cw<Ops<OpId>{}>;
> +
> +    auto check = [](auto c)
> +    {
> +      VERIFY(c == OpId);
> +      static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(c),
> std::constant_wrapper<OpId>>);
> +    };
> +
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 0)
> +      check(+x);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 1)
> +      check(-x);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 2)
> +      check(~x);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 3)
> +      check(!x);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 4)
> +      check(&x);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 5)
> +      check(*x);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 6)
> +      check(++x);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 7)
> +      check(x++);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 8)
> +      check(--x);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 9)
> +      check(x--);
> +
> +    static_assert(n_unary_ops == 10);
> +  }
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_unary_operators_all()
> +{
> +  auto run = []<size_t... Idx>(std::integer_sequence<size_t, Idx...>)
> +  {
> +    (test_unary_operator<free_ops::UnaryOps, Idx>(), ...);
> +    (test_unary_operator<member_ops::UnaryOps, Idx>(), ...);
> +  };
> +  run(std::make_index_sequence<n_unary_ops>());
> +}
> +
> +namespace free_ops
> +{
> +  template<int OpId>
> +    struct BinaryOps
> +    {
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator+(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 0)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator-(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 1)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator*(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 2)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator/(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 3)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator%(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 4)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator<<(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 5)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator>>(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 6)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator&(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 7)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator|(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 8)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator^(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 9)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator&&(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 10)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator||(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 11)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator<=>(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 12)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator<(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 13)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator<=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 14)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator==(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 15)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator!=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 16)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator>(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 17)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator>=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 18)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator+=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 19)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator-=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 20)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator*=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 21)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator/=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 22)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator%=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 23)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator&=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 24)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator|=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 25)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +      friend constexpr int
> +
> +      operator^=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 26)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator<<=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 27)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      friend constexpr int
> +      operator>>=(BinaryOps, BinaryOps) noexcept requires (OpId == 28)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +    };
> +}
> +
> +namespace member_ops
> +{
> +  template<int OpId>
> +    struct BinaryOps
> +    {
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator+(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 0)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator-(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 1)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator*(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 2)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator/(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 3)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator%(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 4)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator<<(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 5)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator>>(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 6)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator&(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 7)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator|(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 8)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator^(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 9)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator&&(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 10)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator||(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 11)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator<=>(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 12)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator<(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 13)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator<=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 14)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator==(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 15)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator!=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 16)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator>(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 17)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator>=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 18)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator+=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 19)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator-=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 20)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator*=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 21)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator/=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 22)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator%=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 23)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator&=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 24)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator|=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 25)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator^=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 26)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator<<=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 27)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +
> +      constexpr int
> +      operator>>=(BinaryOps) const noexcept requires (OpId == 28)
> +      { return OpId; }
> +    };
> +}
> +
> +constexpr size_t n_binary_ops = 29;
> +
> +template<template<int> typename Ops, int OpId>
> +  constexpr void
> +  test_binary_operator()
> +  {
> +    auto cx = std::cw<Ops<OpId>{}>;
> +    auto cy = std::cw<Ops<OpId>{}>;
> +
> +    auto check = [](auto c)
> +    {
> +      VERIFY(c == OpId);
> +      static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(c),
> std::constant_wrapper<OpId>>);
> +    };
> +
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 0)
> +      check(cx + cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 1)
> +      check(cx - cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 2)
> +      check(cx * cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 3)
> +      check(cx / cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 4)
> +      check(cx % cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 5)
> +      check(cx << cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 6)
> +      check(cx >> cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 7)
> +      check(cx & cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 8)
> +      check(cx | cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 10)
> +      check(cx && cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 11)
> +      check(cx || cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 12)
> +      check(cx <=> cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 13)
> +      check(cx < cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 14)
> +      check(cx <= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 15)
> +      check(cx == cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 16)
> +      check(cx != cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 17)
> +      check(cx > cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 18)
> +      check(cx >= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 19)
> +      check(cx += cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 20)
> +      check(cx -= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 21)
> +      check(cx *= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 22)
> +      check(cx /= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 23)
> +      check(cx %= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 24)
> +      check(cx &= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 25)
> +      check(cx |= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 26)
> +      check(cx ^= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 27)
> +      check(cx <<= cy);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 28)
> +      check(cx >>= cy);
> +    static_assert(n_binary_ops == 29);
> +  }
> +
> +template<template<int> typename Ops, int OpId>
> +  constexpr void
> +  test_mixed_binary_operators()
> +  {
> +    constexpr auto x = Ops<OpId>{};
> +    auto cx = std::cw<x>;
> +    constexpr auto y = Ops<OpId>{};
> +    auto cy = std::cw<y>;
> +
> +    auto check = [](auto vc, auto cv)
> +    {
> +      auto impl = [](auto c)
> +      {
> +       VERIFY(c == OpId);
> +       static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(c), int>);
> +      };
> +
> +      impl(vc);
> +      impl(cv);
> +    };
> +
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 0)
> +      check(x + cy, cx + y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 1)
> +      check(x - cy, cx - y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 2)
> +      check(x * cy, cx * y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 3)
> +      check(x / cy, cx / y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 4)
> +      check(x % cy, cx % y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 5)
> +      check(x << cy, cx << y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 6)
> +      check(x >> cy, cx >> y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 7)
> +      check(x & cy, cx & y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 8)
> +      check(x | cy, cx | y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 10)
> +      check(x && cy, cx && y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 11)
> +      check(x || cy, cx || y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 12)
> +      check(x <=> cy, cx <=> y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 13)
> +      check(x < cy, cx < y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 14)
> +      check(x <= cy, cx <= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 15)
> +      check(x == cy, cx == y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 16)
> +      check(x != cy, cx != y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 17)
> +      check(x > cy, cx > y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 18)
> +      check(x >= cy, cx >= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 19)
> +      check(x += cy, cx += y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 20)
> +      check(x -= cy, cx -= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 21)
> +      check(x *= cy, cx *= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 22)
> +      check(x /= cy, cx /= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 23)
> +      check(x %= cy, cx %= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 24)
> +      check(x &= cy, cx &= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 25)
> +      check(x |= cy, cx |= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 26)
> +      check(x ^= cy, cx ^= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 27)
> +      check(x <<= cy, cx <<= y);
> +    if constexpr (OpId == 28)
> +      check(x >>= cy, cx >>= y);
> +    static_assert(n_binary_ops == 29);
> +  }
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_binary_operators_all()
> +{
> +  auto run = []<size_t... Idx>(std::integer_sequence<size_t, Idx...>)
> +  {
> +    (test_binary_operator<free_ops::BinaryOps, Idx>(), ...);
> +    (test_mixed_binary_operators<free_ops::BinaryOps, Idx>(), ...);
> +    (test_binary_operator<member_ops::BinaryOps, Idx>(), ...);
> +  };
> +  run(std::make_index_sequence<n_binary_ops>());
> +}
> +
> +constexpr bool
> +test_all()
> +{
> +  test_unary_operators_all();
> +  test_binary_operators_all();
> +  return true;
> +}
> +
> +int
> +main()
> +{
> +  test_all();
> +  return 0;
> +}
> diff --git
> a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/op_comma_neg.cc
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/op_comma_neg.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..4384e920ea5
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/op_comma_neg.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++26 } }
> +#include <type_traits>
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_comma_same_types()
> +{
> +  (std::cw<1>, std::cw<2>); // { dg-error "use of deleted function" }
> +}
> +
> +constexpr void
> +test_comma_different_types()
> +{
> +  (std::cw<1>, std::cw<2.0>); // { dg-error "use of deleted function" }
> +}
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/version.cc
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/version.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..4fee6159141
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/constant_wrapper/version.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
> +// { dg-do preprocess { target c++26 } }
> +// { dg-add-options no_pch }
> +
> +#include <type_traits>
> +
> +#ifndef __cpp_lib_constant_wrapper
> +#error "Feature test macro __cpp_lib_constant_wrapper is missing for
> <type_traits>"
> +#if __cpp_lib_constant_wrapper < 202506L
> +#error "Feature test macro __cpp_lib_constant_wrapper has the wrong value"
> +#endif
> +#endif
> --
> 2.51.0
>
>

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