On Tue, 20 May 2025, Patrick Palka wrote:

> Changes in v5:
>   * dispatch to starts_with for the both-bidi/common range case

Forgot to mention:

And for a bidi common haystack, prefer iterating forward instead of
backward if the needle is at least half the size of the haystack,

> 
> Changes in v4:
>   * optimize the both-bidi/common ranges case, as suggested by
>     Tomasz
>   * add tests for that code path
> 
> Changes in v3:
>   * Use the forward_range code path for a (non-sized) bidirectional
>     haystack, since it's slightly fewer increments/decrements
>     overall.
>   * Fix wrong iter_difference_t cast in starts_with.
> 
> Changes in v2:
>   Addressed Tomasz's review comments, namely:
>   * Added explicit iter_difference_t casts
>   * Made _S_impl member private
>   * Optimized sized bidirectional case of ends_with
>   * Rearranged control flow of starts_with::_S_impl
> 
> Still left to do:
>   * Add tests for integer-class types
>   * Still working on a better commit description ;)
> 
> -- >8 --
> 
> libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
> 
>       * include/bits/ranges_algo.h (__starts_with_fn, starts_with):
>       Define.
>       (__ends_with_fn, ends_with): Define.
>       * include/bits/version.def (ranges_starts_ends_with): Define.
>       * include/bits/version.h: Regenerate.
>       * include/std/algorithm: Provide __cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with.
>       * src/c++23/std.cc.in (ranges::starts_with): Export.
>       (ranges::ends_with): Export.
>       * testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc: New test.
>       * testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc: New test.
> ---
>  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h       | 247 ++++++++++++++++++
>  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def         |   8 +
>  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h           |  10 +
>  libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm            |   1 +
>  libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in              |   4 +
>  .../testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc    | 135 ++++++++++
>  .../testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc  | 128 +++++++++
>  7 files changed, 533 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc
>  create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc
> 
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h 
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h
> index f36e7dd59911..60f7bf841f3f 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h
> @@ -438,6 +438,253 @@ namespace ranges
>  
>    inline constexpr __search_n_fn search_n{};
>  
> +#if __glibcxx_ranges_starts_ends_with // C++ >= 23
> +  struct __starts_with_fn
> +  {
> +    template<input_iterator _Iter1, sentinel_for<_Iter1> _Sent1,
> +          input_iterator _Iter2, sentinel_for<_Iter2> _Sent2,
> +          typename _Pred = ranges::equal_to,
> +          typename _Proj1 = identity, typename _Proj2 = identity>
> +      requires indirectly_comparable<_Iter1, _Iter2, _Pred, _Proj1, _Proj2>
> +      constexpr bool
> +      operator()(_Iter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1,
> +              _Iter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2, _Pred __pred = {},
> +              _Proj1 __proj1 = {}, _Proj2 __proj2 = {}) const
> +      {
> +     iter_difference_t<_Iter1> __n1 = -1;
> +     iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __n2 = -1;
> +     if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent1, _Iter1>)
> +       __n1 = __last1 - __first1;
> +     if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent2, _Iter2>)
> +       __n2 = __last2 - __first2;
> +     return _S_impl(std::move(__first1), __last1, __n1,
> +                    std::move(__first2), __last2, __n2,
> +                    std::move(__pred),
> +                    std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +      }
> +
> +    template<input_range _Range1, input_range _Range2,
> +          typename _Pred = ranges::equal_to,
> +          typename _Proj1 = identity, typename _Proj2 = identity>
> +      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<_Range1>, 
> iterator_t<_Range2>,
> +                                  _Pred, _Proj1, _Proj2>
> +      constexpr bool
> +      operator()(_Range1&& __r1, _Range2&& __r2, _Pred __pred = {},
> +              _Proj1 __proj1 = {}, _Proj2 __proj2 = {}) const
> +      {
> +     range_difference_t<_Range1> __n1 = -1;
> +     range_difference_t<_Range1> __n2 = -1;
> +     if constexpr (sized_range<_Range1>)
> +       __n1 = ranges::size(__r1);
> +     if constexpr (sized_range<_Range2>)
> +       __n2 = ranges::size(__r2);
> +     return _S_impl(ranges::begin(__r1), ranges::end(__r1), __n1,
> +                    ranges::begin(__r2), ranges::end(__r2), __n2,
> +                    std::move(__pred),
> +                    std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +      }
> +
> +  private:
> +    template<typename _Iter1, typename _Sent1, typename _Iter2, typename 
> _Sent2,
> +          typename _Pred,
> +          typename _Proj1, typename _Proj2>
> +      static constexpr bool
> +      _S_impl(_Iter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1, iter_difference_t<_Iter1> 
> __n1,
> +           _Iter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2, iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __n2,
> +           _Pred __pred, _Proj1 __proj1, _Proj2 __proj2)
> +      {
> +     if (__first2 == __last2) [[unlikely]]
> +       return true;
> +     else if (__n1 == -1 || __n2 == -1)
> +       return ranges::mismatch(std::move(__first1), __last1,
> +                               std::move(__first2), __last2,
> +                               std::move(__pred),
> +                               std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2)).in2 
> == __last2;
> +     else if (__n1 < __n2)
> +       return false;
> +     else if constexpr (random_access_iterator<_Iter1>)
> +       return ranges::equal(__first1, __first1 + 
> iter_difference_t<_Iter1>(__n2),
> +                            std::move(__first2), __last2,
> +                            std::move(__pred),
> +                            std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +     else
> +       return ranges::equal(counted_iterator(std::move(__first1),
> +                                             
> iter_difference_t<_Iter1>(__n2)),
> +                            default_sentinel,
> +                            std::move(__first2), __last2,
> +                            std::move(__pred),
> +                            std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +      }
> +
> +    friend struct __ends_with_fn;
> +  };
> +
> +  inline constexpr __starts_with_fn starts_with{};
> +
> +  struct __ends_with_fn
> +  {
> +    template<input_iterator _Iter1, sentinel_for<_Iter1> _Sent1,
> +          input_iterator _Iter2, sentinel_for<_Iter2> _Sent2,
> +          typename _Pred = ranges::equal_to,
> +          typename _Proj1 = identity, typename _Proj2 = identity>
> +      requires (forward_iterator<_Iter1> || sized_sentinel_for<_Sent1, 
> _Iter1>)
> +     && (forward_iterator<_Iter2> || sized_sentinel_for<_Sent2, _Iter2>)
> +     && indirectly_comparable<_Iter1, _Iter2, _Pred, _Proj1, _Proj2>
> +      constexpr bool
> +      operator()(_Iter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1,
> +              _Iter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2, _Pred __pred = {},
> +              _Proj1 __proj1 = {}, _Proj2 __proj2 = {}) const
> +      {
> +     iter_difference_t<_Iter1> __n1 = -1;
> +     iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __n2 = -1;
> +     if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent1, _Iter1>)
> +       __n1 = __last1 - __first1;
> +     if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent2, _Iter2>)
> +       __n2 = __last2 - __first2;
> +     return _S_impl(std::move(__first1), __last1, __n1,
> +                    std::move(__first2), __last2, __n2,
> +                    std::move(__pred),
> +                    std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +      }
> +
> +    template<input_range _Range1, input_range _Range2,
> +          typename _Pred = ranges::equal_to,
> +          typename _Proj1 = identity, typename _Proj2 = identity>
> +      requires (forward_range<_Range1> || sized_range<_Range1>)
> +     && (forward_range<_Range2> || sized_range<_Range2>)
> +     && indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<_Range1>, iterator_t<_Range2>,
> +                              _Pred, _Proj1, _Proj2>
> +      constexpr bool
> +      operator()(_Range1&& __r1, _Range2&& __r2, _Pred __pred = {},
> +              _Proj1 __proj1 = {}, _Proj2 __proj2 = {}) const
> +      {
> +     range_difference_t<_Range1> __n1 = -1;
> +     range_difference_t<_Range1> __n2 = -1;
> +     if constexpr (sized_range<_Range1>)
> +       __n1 = ranges::size(__r1);
> +     if constexpr (sized_range<_Range2>)
> +       __n2 = ranges::size(__r2);
> +     return _S_impl(ranges::begin(__r1), ranges::end(__r1), __n1,
> +                    ranges::begin(__r2), ranges::end(__r2), __n2,
> +                    std::move(__pred),
> +                    std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +      }
> +
> +  private:
> +    template<typename _Iter1, typename _Sent1,
> +          typename _Iter2, typename _Sent2,
> +          typename _Pred,
> +          typename _Proj1, typename _Proj2>
> +      static constexpr bool
> +      _S_impl(_Iter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1, iter_difference_t<_Iter1> 
> __n1,
> +           _Iter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2, iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __n2,
> +           _Pred __pred, _Proj1 __proj1, _Proj2 __proj2)
> +      {
> +     if constexpr (bidirectional_iterator<_Iter1> && same_as<_Iter1, _Sent1>
> +                   && bidirectional_iterator<_Iter2> && same_as<_Iter2, 
> _Sent2>
> +                   && !random_access_iterator<_Iter1>
> +                   && !random_access_iterator<_Iter2>)

N.B. I suppose we should remove this last condition here, so that we
dispatch to starts_with even for a only-bidi haystack with a random
access needle.

> +       return starts_with._S_impl(std::make_reverse_iterator(__last1),
> +                                  std::make_reverse_iterator(__first1),
> +                                  __n1,
> +                                  std::make_reverse_iterator(__last2),
> +                                  std::make_reverse_iterator(__first2),
> +                                  __n2,
> +                                  std::move(__pred),
> +                                  std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +
> +     if (__first2 == __last2) [[unlikely]]
> +       return true;
> +
> +     if constexpr (forward_iterator<_Iter2>)
> +       if (__n2 == -1)
> +         __n2 = ranges::distance(__first2, __last2);
> +
> +     // __glibcxx_assert(__n2 != -1);
> +
> +     if (__n1 != -1)
> +       {
> +         if (__n1 < __n2)
> +           return false;
> +         if (random_access_iterator<_Iter1>
> +             || !bidirectional_iterator<_Iter1>
> +             || !same_as<_Iter1, _Sent1>
> +             || __n2 > __n1 - iter_difference_t<_Iter1>(__n2))

(This is the changed condition I forgot to mention.)

> +           {
> +             ranges::advance(__first1, __n1 - 
> iter_difference_t<_Iter1>(__n2));
> +             return ranges::equal(std::move(__first1), __last1,
> +                                  std::move(__first2), __last2,
> +                                  std::move(__pred),
> +                                  std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +           }
> +       }
> +
> +     if constexpr (bidirectional_iterator<_Iter1> && same_as<_Iter1, _Sent1>)
> +       {
> +         _Iter1 __it1 = __last1;
> +         if (__n1 != -1)
> +           ranges::advance(__it1, -iter_difference_t<_Iter1>(__n2));
> +         else
> +           {
> +             // We can't use ranges::advance if the haystack size is
> +             // unknown, since we need to detect and return false if
> +             // it's smaller than the needle.
> +             iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __m = __n2;
> +             while (__m != 0 && __it1 != __first1)
> +               {
> +                 --__m;
> +                 --__it1;
> +               }
> +             if (__m != 0)
> +               return false;
> +           }
> +         return ranges::equal(__it1, __last1,
> +                              std::move(__first2), __last2,
> +                              std::move(__pred),
> +                              std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +       }
> +     else if constexpr (forward_iterator<_Iter1>)
> +       {
> +         _Iter1 __prev_first1;
> +         __n1 = 0;
> +         while (true)
> +           {
> +             iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __m = __n2;
> +             _Iter1 __it1 = __first1;
> +             while (__m != 0 && __it1 != __last1)
> +               {
> +                 ++__n1;
> +                 --__m;
> +                 ++__it1;
> +               }
> +             if (__m != 0)
> +               {
> +                 // __glibcxx_assert(__it1 == __last1);
> +                 if (__n1 < __n2)
> +                   return false;
> +                 __first1 = ranges::next(__prev_first1,
> +                                         iter_difference_t<_Iter1>(__n2 - 
> __m));
> +                 break;
> +               }
> +             __prev_first1 = __first1;
> +             __first1 = __it1;
> +           }
> +         return ranges::equal(__first1, __last1,
> +                              std::move(__first2), __last2,
> +                              std::move(__pred),
> +                              std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2));
> +       }
> +     else
> +       // If __first1 is non-forward then it must be sized, in which case
> +       // we already returned via the __n1 != 1 case.
> +       __builtin_unreachable();
> +      }
> +
> +  };
> +
> +  inline constexpr __ends_with_fn ends_with{};
> +#endif // __glibcxx_ranges_starts_ends_with
> +
>    struct __find_end_fn
>    {
>      template<forward_iterator _Iter1, sentinel_for<_Iter1> _Sent1,
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def 
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> index 6ca148f0488f..8db1967cc184 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> @@ -1660,6 +1660,14 @@ ftms = {
>    };
>  };
>  
> +ftms = {
> +  name = ranges_starts_ends_with;
> +  values = {
> +    v = 202106;
> +    cxxmin = 23;
> +  };
> +};
> +
>  ftms = {
>    name = constexpr_bitset;
>    values = {
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h 
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> index 48a090c14a3d..3749528633f2 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> @@ -1848,6 +1848,16 @@
>  #endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_ranges_find_last) && 
> defined(__glibcxx_want_ranges_find_last) */
>  #undef __glibcxx_want_ranges_find_last
>  
> +#if !defined(__cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with)
> +# if (__cplusplus >= 202100L)
> +#  define __glibcxx_ranges_starts_ends_with 202106L
> +#  if defined(__glibcxx_want_all) || 
> defined(__glibcxx_want_ranges_starts_ends_with)
> +#   define __cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with 202106L
> +#  endif
> +# endif
> +#endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with) && 
> defined(__glibcxx_want_ranges_starts_ends_with) */
> +#undef __glibcxx_want_ranges_starts_ends_with
> +
>  #if !defined(__cpp_lib_constexpr_bitset)
>  # if (__cplusplus >= 202100L) && _GLIBCXX_HOSTED && 
> (__cpp_constexpr_dynamic_alloc)
>  #  define __glibcxx_constexpr_bitset 202202L
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm 
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm
> index 321a5e22d86b..1563cdf2b17c 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm
> @@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
>  #define __glibcxx_want_ranges_contains
>  #define __glibcxx_want_ranges_find_last
>  #define __glibcxx_want_ranges_fold
> +#define __glibcxx_want_ranges_starts_ends_with
>  #define __glibcxx_want_robust_nonmodifying_seq_ops
>  #define __glibcxx_want_sample
>  #define __glibcxx_want_shift
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in 
> b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
> index 417c8a1a5626..2e4b3f75234f 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
> @@ -506,6 +506,10 @@ export namespace std
>      using ranges::find_last;
>      using ranges::find_last_if;
>      using ranges::find_last_if_not;
> +#endif
> +#if __cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with
> +    using ranges::starts_with;
> +    using ranges::ends_with;
>  #endif
>    }
>  }
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc 
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..462e3179a001
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
> +// { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
> +
> +#include <algorithm>
> +
> +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
> +#include <testsuite_iterators.h>
> +
> +namespace ranges = std::ranges;
> +
> +template<typename Range1, typename Range2>
> +void
> +test01()
> +{
> +  int n[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
> +
> +  Range1 haystack(n, n+10);
> +  Range2 needle(n+7, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
> +  VERIFY( !ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle,
> +                         [](int n, int m) { return std::abs(n - m) <= 1; }) 
> );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle,
> +                         ranges::equal_to{},
> +                         [](int n) { return n - 1; }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle,
> +                         ranges::equal_to{},
> +                         std::identity{},
> +                         [](int n) { return n + 1; }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
> +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( !ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle) );
> +}
> +
> +template<typename Range1, typename Range2>
> +void
> +test02()
> +{
> +  int n[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
> +
> +  Range1 haystack(n, n+10);
> +  Range2 needle(n+7, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                         needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                         needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
> +  VERIFY( !ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                          needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                         needle.begin(), needle.end(),
> +                         [](int n, int m) { return std::abs(n - m) <= 1; }) 
> );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                         needle.begin(), needle.end(),
> +                         ranges::equal_to{},
> +                         [](int n) { return n - 1; }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                         needle.begin(), needle.end(),
> +                         ranges::equal_to{},
> +                         std::identity{},
> +                         [](int n) { return n + 1; }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
> +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( !ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                          needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
> +  needle = Range2(n+10, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                         needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +}
> +
> +int
> +main()
> +{
> +  using namespace __gnu_test;
> +  using forward = test_forward_range<int>;
> +  using bidirectional_common = bidirectional_container<int>;
> +  using input_sized = test_input_sized_range<int>;
> +  using input_sized_sent = test_sized_range_sized_sent<int, 
> input_iterator_wrapper>;
> +  using random_access = test_random_access_range<int>;
> +  using random_access_sized = test_random_access_sized_range<int>;
> +  using random_access_sized_sent = test_sized_range_sized_sent<int, 
> random_access_iterator_wrapper>;
> +
> +  test01<forward, forward>();
> +  test01<random_access, random_access>();
> +  test02<forward, forward>();
> +  test02<random_access, random_access>();
> +
> +  test01<bidirectional_common, bidirectional_common>();
> +  test02<bidirectional_common, bidirectional_common>();
> +  test01<bidirectional_common, forward>();
> +  test02<bidirectional_common, forward>();
> +
> +  test01<input_sized, input_sized>();
> +  test01<random_access_sized, random_access_sized>();
> +  // test02<input_sized, input_sized>(); constraint violation
> +  test02<random_access_sized, random_access_sized>();
> +
> +  test01<input_sized_sent, input_sized_sent>();
> +  test01<random_access_sized_sent, random_access_sized_sent>();
> +  test02<input_sized_sent, input_sized_sent>();
> +  test02<random_access_sized_sent, random_access_sized_sent>();
> +}
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc 
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..805f31ea2b03
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
> +// { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
> +
> +#include <algorithm>
> +
> +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
> +#include <testsuite_iterators.h>
> +
> +namespace ranges = std::ranges;
> +
> +template<typename Range1, typename Range2>
> +void
> +test01()
> +{
> +  int n[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
> +
> +  Range1 haystack(n, n+10);
> +  Range2 needle(n, n+3);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
> +  VERIFY( !ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle,
> +                           [](int n, int m) { return std::abs(n - m) <= 1; 
> }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle,
> +                           ranges::equal_to{},
> +                           [](int n) { return n + 1; }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle,
> +                           ranges::equal_to{},
> +                           std::identity{},
> +                           [](int n) { return n - 1; }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
> +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( !ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
> +  needle = Range2(n+10, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
> +}
> +
> +template<typename Range1, typename Range2>
> +void
> +test02()
> +{
> +  int n[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
> +
> +  Range1 haystack(n, n+10);
> +  Range2 needle(n, n+3);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                           needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                           needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
> +  VERIFY( !ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                            needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                           needle.begin(), needle.end(),
> +                           [](int n, int m) { return std::abs(n - m) <= 1; 
> }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                           needle.begin(), needle.end(),
> +                           ranges::equal_to{},
> +                           [](int n) { return n + 1; }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n);
> +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
> +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                           needle.begin(), needle.end(),
> +                           ranges::equal_to{},
> +                           std::identity{},
> +                           [](int n) { return n - 1; }) );
> +
> +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
> +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
> +  VERIFY( !ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
> +                            needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
> +}
> +
> +int
> +main()
> +{
> +  using namespace __gnu_test;
> +  using input = test_input_range<int>;
> +  using input_sized = test_input_sized_range<int>;
> +  using input_sized_sent = test_sized_range_sized_sent<int, 
> input_iterator_wrapper>;
> +  using random_access = test_random_access_range<int>;
> +  using random_access_sized = test_random_access_sized_range<int>;
> +  using random_access_sized_sent = test_sized_range_sized_sent<int, 
> random_access_iterator_wrapper>;
> +
> +  test01<input, input>();
> +  test01<random_access, random_access>();
> +  test02<input, input>();
> +  test02<random_access, random_access>();
> +
> +  test01<input_sized, input_sized>();
> +  test01<random_access_sized, random_access_sized>();
> +  test02<input_sized, input_sized>();
> +  test02<random_access_sized, random_access_sized>();
> +
> +  test01<input_sized_sent, input_sized_sent>();
> +  test01<random_access_sized_sent, random_access_sized_sent>();
> +  test02<input_sized_sent, input_sized_sent>();
> +  test02<random_access_sized_sent, random_access_sized_sent>();
> +}
> -- 
> 2.49.0.608.gcb96e1697a
> 
> 

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