On Mon, 19 May 2025, Tomasz Kaminski wrote:

> 
> 
> On Mon, May 19, 2025 at 9:59 AM Tomasz Kaminski <tkami...@redhat.com> wrote:
> 
> 
> On Mon, May 19, 2025 at 6:47 AM Patrick Palka <ppa...@redhat.com> wrote:
> I would appreciate a short explanation on the approach being put here, 
> in the message. Like passing -1 as means of saying, size not know.
> 
>       Tested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for trunk?
> 
> From the non-stylistic changes, I have noticed that we need some explicit 
> conversion between different types.
> I think we should add test that would check with size being __max_diff_t, 
> maybe we should add such a range to
> testutils_iterators.
> Rest of the of comments are mostly stylistic.
> 
> 
>       -- >8 --
> 
>       libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
> 
>               * include/bits/ranges_algo.h (__starts_with_fn, starts_with):
>               Define.
>               (__ends_with_fn, ends_with): Define.
>               * include/bits/version.def (ranges_starts_ends_with): Define.
>               * include/bits/version.h: Regenerate.
>               * include/std/algorithm: Provide 
> __cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with.
>               * src/c++23/std.cc.in (ranges::starts_with): Export.
>               (ranges::ends_with): Export.
>               * testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc: New test.
>               * testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc: New test.
>       ---
>        libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h       | 232 ++++++++++++++++++
>        libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def         |   8 +
>        libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h           |  10 +
>        libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm            |   1 +
>        libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in              |   4 +
>        .../testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc    | 129 ++++++++++
>        .../testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc  | 128 ++++++++++
>        7 files changed, 512 insertions(+)
>        create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc
>        create mode 100644 
> libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc
> 
>       diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h 
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h
>       index f36e7dd59911..c59a555f528a 100644
>       --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h
>       +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h
>       @@ -438,6 +438,238 @@ namespace ranges
> 
>          inline constexpr __search_n_fn search_n{};
> 
>       +#if __glibcxx_ranges_starts_ends_with // C++ >= 23
>       +  struct __starts_with_fn
>       +  {
>       +    template<input_iterator _Iter1, sentinel_for<_Iter1> _Sent1,
>       +            input_iterator _Iter2, sentinel_for<_Iter2> _Sent2,
>       +            typename _Pred = ranges::equal_to,
>       +            typename _Proj1 = identity, typename _Proj2 = identity>
>       +      requires indirectly_comparable<_Iter1, _Iter2, _Pred, _Proj1, 
> _Proj2>
>       +      constexpr bool
>       +      operator()(_Iter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1,
>       +                _Iter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2, _Pred __pred = {},
>       +                _Proj1 __proj1 = {}, _Proj2 __proj2 = {}) const
>       +      {
> 
> We could check __first == __last2 early here, before even computing size.

Hmm, computing the size should be very cheap though?  I'm not sure this
first would be worthwhile since an empty needle is a very uncommon case.

>             +       iter_difference_t<_Iter1> __n1 = -1;
>             +       iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __n2 = -1;
>             +       if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent1, _Iter1>)
>             +         __n1 = __last1 - __first1;
>             +       if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent2, _Iter2>)
>             +         __n2 = __last2 - __first2;
>             +       return _S_impl(std::move(__first1), __last1,
>             +                      std::move(__first2), __last2,
>             +                      std::move(__pred),
>             +                      std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2),
>             +                      __n1, __n2);
>             +      }
>             +
>             +    template<input_range _Range1, input_range _Range2,
>             +            typename _Pred = ranges::equal_to,
>             +            typename _Proj1 = identity, typename _Proj2 = 
> identity>
>             +      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<_Range1>, 
> iterator_t<_Range2>,
>             +                                    _Pred, _Proj1, _Proj2>
>             +      constexpr bool
>             +      operator()(_Range1&& __r1, _Range2&& __r2, _Pred __pred = 
> {},
>             +                _Proj1 __proj1 = {}, _Proj2 __proj2 = {}) const
>             +      {
> 
> Similar here:
> auto __first2 = ranges::begin(__r2);
> auto __last2 = ranges::end(__r2);
> if (__first2 == __last2)
>   return true;
> 
> And then move __first2 into the _S_impl call.
>  
>             +       range_difference_t<_Range1> __n1 = -1;
>             +       range_difference_t<_Range1> __n2 = -1;
>             +       if constexpr (sized_range<_Range1>)
>             +         __n1 = ranges::size(__r1);
>             +       if constexpr (sized_range<_Range2>)
>             +         __n2 = ranges::size(__r2);
>             +       return _S_impl(ranges::begin(__r1), ranges::end(__r1),
>             +                      ranges::begin(__r2), ranges::end(__r2),
>             +                      std::move(__pred),
>             +                      std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2),
>             +                      __n1, __n2);
>             +      }
>             +
>             +    template<typename _Iter1, typename _Sent1, typename _Iter2, 
> typename _Sent2,
>             +            typename _Pred,
>             +            typename _Proj1, typename _Proj2>
>             +      static constexpr bool
>             +      _S_impl(_Iter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1,
> 
>       I think I would make this function private.  The user should not look 
> into wrappers,
> but it does need to be public.
> I have slight preference for ordering arguments in following manner:
> first1, last1, n1,
> first2, last2, n2,
>       +             _Iter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2,
>       +             _Pred __pred,
>       +             _Proj1 __proj1, _Proj2 __proj2,
>       +             iter_difference_t<_Iter1> __n1,
>       +             iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __n2)
>       +      {
> 
>       +       if (__n1 != -1 && __n2 != -1)
> 
> Very subjective, but I would other ifs, to not nest:
> if (__first2 == __last)
>   return true;
> else if (n1 == -1 || n2 == -2)
>   mismatch;
> else if (n1 < n2)
>   return false;
> else if constexpr (random_access_iterator<_Iter1>)
>   equal(first, first + n2, ....)
> else
>   equal with counted.
>  
>       +         {
>       +           if (__n1 < __n2)
>       +             return false;
>       +           if constexpr (random_access_iterator<_Iter1>)
>       +             return ranges::equal(__first1, __first1 + __n2,
> 
> I think you need to cast __n2 to iter_difference_t<Iter1> here explicitly,
> it must fit because it is smaller or equal to n1, but still there may not be 
> a candidate.
>       +                                  std::move(__first2), __last2,
>       +                                  std::move(__pred),
>       +                                  std::move(__proj1), 
> std::move(__proj2));
>       +           else
>       +             return 
> ranges::equal(counted_iterator(std::move(__first1), __n2),
> 
> Similar here, cast to  iter_difference_t<Iter1>.
>       +                                  default_sentinel,
>       +                                  std::move(__first2), __last2,
>       +                                  std::move(__pred),
>       +                                  std::move(__proj1), 
> std::move(__proj2));
>       +         }
>       +       else
>       +         return ranges::mismatch(std::move(__first1), __last1,
>       +                                 std::move(__first2), __last2,
>       +                                 std::move(__pred),
>       +                                 std::move(__proj1), 
> std::move(__proj2)).in2 == __last2;
>       +      }
>       +  };
>       +
>       +  inline constexpr __starts_with_fn starts_with{};
>       +
>       +  struct __ends_with_fn
>       +  {
>       +    template<input_iterator _Iter1, sentinel_for<_Iter1> _Sent1,
>       +            input_iterator _Iter2, sentinel_for<_Iter2> _Sent2,
>       +            typename _Pred = ranges::equal_to,
>       +            typename _Proj1 = identity, typename _Proj2 = identity>
>       +      requires (forward_iterator<_Iter1> || sized_sentinel_for<_Sent1, 
> _Iter1>)
>       +       && (forward_iterator<_Iter2> || sized_sentinel_for<_Sent2, 
> _Iter2>)
>       +       && indirectly_comparable<_Iter1, _Iter2, _Pred, _Proj1, _Proj2>
>       +      constexpr bool
>       +      operator()(_Iter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1,
>       +                _Iter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2, _Pred __pred = {},
>       +                _Proj1 __proj1 = {}, _Proj2 __proj2 = {}) const
>       +      {
>       +       iter_difference_t<_Iter1> __n1 = -1;
>       +       iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __n2 = -1;
>       +       if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent1, _Iter1>)
>       +         __n1 = __last1 - __first1;
>       +       if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent2, _Iter2>)
>       +         __n2 = __last2 - __first2;
>       +       return _S_impl(std::move(__first1), __last1,
>       +                      std::move(__first2), __last2,
>       +                      std::move(__pred),
>       +                      std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2),
>       +                      __n1, __n2);
>       +      }
>       +
>       +    template<input_range _Range1, input_range _Range2,
>       +            typename _Pred = ranges::equal_to,
>       +            typename _Proj1 = identity, typename _Proj2 = identity>
>       +      requires (forward_range<_Range1> || sized_range<_Range1>)
>       +       && (forward_range<_Range2> || sized_range<_Range2>)
>       +       && indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<_Range1>, 
> iterator_t<_Range2>,
>       +                                _Pred, _Proj1, _Proj2>
>       +      constexpr bool
>       +      operator()(_Range1&& __r1, _Range2&& __r2, _Pred __pred = {},
>       +                _Proj1 __proj1 = {}, _Proj2 __proj2 = {}) const
>       +      {
>       +       range_difference_t<_Range1> __n1 = -1;
>       +       range_difference_t<_Range1> __n2 = -1;
>       +       if constexpr (sized_range<_Range1>)
>       +         __n1 = ranges::size(__r1);
>       +       if constexpr (sized_range<_Range2>)
>       +         __n2 = ranges::size(__r2);
>       +       return _S_impl(ranges::begin(__r1), ranges::end(__r1),
>       +                      ranges::begin(__r2), ranges::end(__r2),
>       +                      std::move(__pred),
>       +                      std::move(__proj1), std::move(__proj2),
>       +                      __n1, __n2);
>       +      }
>       +
>       +    template<typename _Iter1, typename _Sent1,
>       +            typename _Iter2, typename _Sent2,
>       +            typename _Pred,
>       +            typename _Proj1, typename _Proj2>
>       +      static constexpr bool
>       +      _S_impl(_Iter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1,
> 
> Similar comments about the private, and other of arguments as for above.,
>       +             _Iter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2,
>       +             _Pred __pred,
>       +             _Proj1 __proj1, _Proj2 __proj2,
>       +             iter_difference_t<_Iter1> __n1,
>       +             iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __n2)
>       +      {
>       +       if (__n2 == -1)
>       +         {
>       +           if constexpr (forward_iterator<_Iter2>)
>       +             __n2 = ranges::distance(__first2, __last2);
>       +           else
>       +             // Size is known and passed by the caller.
>       +             __builtin_unreachable();
>       +         }
>       +
>       +       if (__n1 != -1)
>       +         {
>       +           if (__n1 < __n2)
>       +             return false;
>       +           if constexpr (random_access_iterator<_Iter1>
>       +                         || !bidirectional_iterator<_Iter1>)
>       +             {
>       +               ranges::advance(__first1, __n1 - __n2);
> 
> I think you need to cast n2 to iter_difference_t<_Iter1> here explicitly.
>       +               return ranges::equal(std::move(__first1), __last1,
>       +                                    std::move(__first2), __last2,
>       +                                    std::move(__pred),
>       +                                    std::move(__proj1), 
> std::move(__proj2));
>       +             }
>       +         }
>       +
>       +       if constexpr (bidirectional_iterator<_Iter1>)
> 
>       +         {
>       +           iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __m = __n2;
>       +           _Iter1 __it1 = ranges::next(__first1, __last1);
> 
> Could you add a comment, that ranges::advance(__it, -__n2, __first) cannot be 
> used here,
> because __n2 may not fit into iter_difference<Iter1>?
>       +           while (__m != 0 && __it1 != __first1)
>       +             {
>       +               --__m;
>       +               --__it1;
>       +             }
>       +           if (__m != 0)
>       +             return false;
>       +           return ranges::equal(__it1, __last1,
>       +                                std::move(__first2), __last2,
>       +                                std::move(__pred),
>       +                                std::move(__proj1), 
> std::move(__proj2));
>       +         }
>       +       else if constexpr (forward_iterator<_Iter1>)
>       +         {
>       +           if (__first2 == __last2)
>       +             return true;
> 
> Could you make this if first in the _S_impl, and similarly for starts_with,
> I think it will make it a lot easier to reason about it.
>       +
>       +           _Iter1 __prev_first1;
>       +           __n1 = 0;
>       +           while (true)
>       +             {
>       +               iter_difference_t<_Iter2> __m = __n2;
>       +               _Iter1 __it1 = __first1;
>       +               while (__m != 0 && __it1 != __last1)
>       +                 {
>       +                   ++__n1;
>       +                   --__m;
>       +                   ++__it1;
>       +                 }
> 
> 
>       +               if (__m != 0)
>       +                 {
>       +                   // __glibcxx_assert(__it1 == __last1);
>       +                   if (__n1 < __n2)
>       +                     return false;
>       +                   ranges::advance(__prev_first1, __n2 - __m);
> 
> Again we need to cast __n2  - __m to iter_difference_t<Iter1>.
>       +                   __first1 = __prev_first1;
>       +                   break;
>       +                 }
>       +               __prev_first1 = __first1;
>       +               __first1 = __it1;
>       +             }
>       +           return ranges::equal(__first1, __last1,
>       +                                std::move(__first2), __last2,
>       +                                std::move(__pred),
>       +                                std::move(__proj1), 
> std::move(__proj2));
>       +         }
>       +       else
>       +         // Should have been handled by the __n1 != -1 case.
> 
> Could you expand a comment here, adding something like:
> If _first_1 is input_iterot, it must be sized, so this was handled by _n != 1 
> case
>       +         __builtin_unreachable();
>       +      }
>       +
>       +  };
>       +
>       +  inline constexpr __ends_with_fn ends_with{};
>       +#endif // __glibcxx_ranges_starts_ends_with
>       +
>          struct __find_end_fn
>          {
>            template<forward_iterator _Iter1, sentinel_for<_Iter1> _Sent1,
>       diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def 
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
>       index 6ca148f0488f..8db1967cc184 100644
>       --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
>       +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
>       @@ -1660,6 +1660,14 @@ ftms = {
>          };
>        };
> 
>       +ftms = {
>       +  name = ranges_starts_ends_with;
>       +  values = {
>       +    v = 202106;
>       +    cxxmin = 23;
>       +  };
>       +};
>       +
>        ftms = {
>          name = constexpr_bitset;
>          values = {
>       diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h 
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
>       index 48a090c14a3d..3749528633f2 100644
>       --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
>       +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
>       @@ -1848,6 +1848,16 @@
>        #endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_ranges_find_last) && 
> defined(__glibcxx_want_ranges_find_last) */
>        #undef __glibcxx_want_ranges_find_last
> 
>       +#if !defined(__cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with)
>       +# if (__cplusplus >= 202100L)
>       +#  define __glibcxx_ranges_starts_ends_with 202106L
>       +#  if defined(__glibcxx_want_all) || 
> defined(__glibcxx_want_ranges_starts_ends_with)
>       +#   define __cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with 202106L
>       +#  endif
>       +# endif
>       +#endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with) && 
> defined(__glibcxx_want_ranges_starts_ends_with) */
>       +#undef __glibcxx_want_ranges_starts_ends_with
>       +
>        #if !defined(__cpp_lib_constexpr_bitset)
>        # if (__cplusplus >= 202100L) && _GLIBCXX_HOSTED && 
> (__cpp_constexpr_dynamic_alloc)
>        #  define __glibcxx_constexpr_bitset 202202L
>       diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm 
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm
>       index 321a5e22d86b..1563cdf2b17c 100644
>       --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm
>       +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/algorithm
>       @@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
>        #define __glibcxx_want_ranges_contains
>        #define __glibcxx_want_ranges_find_last
>        #define __glibcxx_want_ranges_fold
>       +#define __glibcxx_want_ranges_starts_ends_with
>        #define __glibcxx_want_robust_nonmodifying_seq_ops
>        #define __glibcxx_want_sample
>        #define __glibcxx_want_shift
>       diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in 
> b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
>       index 417c8a1a5626..2e4b3f75234f 100644
>       --- a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
>       +++ b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
>       @@ -506,6 +506,10 @@ export namespace std
>            using ranges::find_last;
>            using ranges::find_last_if;
>            using ranges::find_last_if_not;
>       +#endif
>       +#if __cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with
>       +    using ranges::starts_with;
>       +    using ranges::ends_with;
>        #endif
>          }
>        }
>       diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc 
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc
>       new file mode 100644
>       index 000000000000..e5714101aecc
>       --- /dev/null
>       +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/ends_with/1.cc
>       @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
>       +// { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
>       +
>       +#include <algorithm>
>       +
>       +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>       +#include <testsuite_iterators.h>
>       +
>       +namespace ranges = std::ranges;
>       +
>       +template<typename Range1, typename Range2>
>       +void
>       +test01()
>       +{
>       +  int n[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
>       +
>       +  Range1 haystack(n, n+10);
>       +  Range2 needle(n+7, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
>       +  VERIFY( !ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle,
>       +                           [](int n, int m) { return std::abs(n - m) 
> <= 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle,
>       +                           ranges::equal_to{},
>       +                           [](int n) { return n - 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle,
>       +                           ranges::equal_to{},
>       +                           std::identity{},
>       +                           [](int n) { return n + 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
>       +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( !ranges::ends_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +}
>       +
>       +template<typename Range1, typename Range2>
>       +void
>       +test02()
>       +{
>       +  int n[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
>       +
>       +  Range1 haystack(n, n+10);
>       +  Range2 needle(n+7, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                           needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                           needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
>       +  VERIFY( !ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                            needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                           needle.begin(), needle.end(),
>       +                           [](int n, int m) { return std::abs(n - m) 
> <= 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                           needle.begin(), needle.end(),
>       +                           ranges::equal_to{},
>       +                           [](int n) { return n - 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+6, n+9);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                           needle.begin(), needle.end(),
>       +                           ranges::equal_to{},
>       +                           std::identity{},
>       +                           [](int n) { return n + 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
>       +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( !ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                            needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+10, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::ends_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                           needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +}
> 
> Could you add the usual test with a second range using __max_diff_t as 
> difference type.
>       +
>       +int
>       +main()
>       +{
>       +  using namespace __gnu_test;
>       +  using forward = test_forward_range<int>;
>       +  using input_sized = test_input_sized_range<int>;
>       +  using input_sized_sent = test_sized_range_sized_sent<int, 
> input_iterator_wrapper>;
>       +  using random_access = test_random_access_range<int>;
>       +  using random_access_sized = test_random_access_sized_range<int>;
>       +  using random_access_sized_sent = test_sized_range_sized_sent<int, 
> random_access_iterator_wrapper>;
>       +
>       +  test01<forward, forward>();
>       +  test01<random_access, random_access>();
>       +  test02<forward, forward>();
>       +  test02<random_access, random_access>();
>       +
>       +  test01<input_sized, input_sized>();
>       +  test01<random_access_sized, random_access_sized>();
>       +  // test02<input_sized, input_sized>(); constraint violation
>       +  test02<random_access_sized, random_access_sized>();
>       +
>       +  test01<input_sized_sent, input_sized_sent>();
>       +  test01<random_access_sized_sent, random_access_sized_sent>();
>       +  test02<input_sized_sent, input_sized_sent>();
>       +  test02<random_access_sized_sent, random_access_sized_sent>();
>       +}
>       diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc 
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc
>       new file mode 100644
>       index 000000000000..805f31ea2b03
>       --- /dev/null
>       +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/25_algorithms/starts_with/1.cc
>       @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
>       +// { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
>       +
>       +#include <algorithm>
>       +
>       +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>       +#include <testsuite_iterators.h>
>       +
>       +namespace ranges = std::ranges;
>       +
>       +template<typename Range1, typename Range2>
>       +void
>       +test01()
>       +{
>       +  int n[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
>       +
>       +  Range1 haystack(n, n+10);
>       +  Range2 needle(n, n+3);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
>       +  VERIFY( !ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle,
>       +                             [](int n, int m) { return std::abs(n - m) 
> <= 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle,
>       +                             ranges::equal_to{},
>       +                             [](int n) { return n + 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle,
>       +                             ranges::equal_to{},
>       +                             std::identity{},
>       +                             [](int n) { return n - 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
>       +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( !ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+10, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack, needle) );
>       +}
>       +
>       +template<typename Range1, typename Range2>
>       +void
>       +test02()
>       +{
>       +  int n[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
>       +
>       +  Range1 haystack(n, n+10);
>       +  Range2 needle(n, n+3);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                             needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                             needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
>       +  VERIFY( !ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                              needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                             needle.begin(), needle.end(),
>       +                             [](int n, int m) { return std::abs(n - m) 
> <= 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                             needle.begin(), needle.end(),
>       +                             ranges::equal_to{},
>       +                             [](int n) { return n + 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n);
>       +  needle = Range2(n+1, n+4);
>       +  VERIFY( ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                             needle.begin(), needle.end(),
>       +                             ranges::equal_to{},
>       +                             std::identity{},
>       +                             [](int n) { return n - 1; }) );
>       +
>       +  haystack = Range1(n, n+5);
>       +  needle = Range2(n, n+10);
>       +  VERIFY( !ranges::starts_with(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
>       +                              needle.begin(), needle.end()) );
>       +}
>       +
>       +int
>       +main()
>       +{
>       +  using namespace __gnu_test;
>       +  using input = test_input_range<int>;
>       +  using input_sized = test_input_sized_range<int>;
>       +  using input_sized_sent = test_sized_range_sized_sent<int, 
> input_iterator_wrapper>;
>       +  using random_access = test_random_access_range<int>;
>       +  using random_access_sized = test_random_access_sized_range<int>;
>       +  using random_access_sized_sent = test_sized_range_sized_sent<int, 
> random_access_iterator_wrapper>;
>       +
>       +  test01<input, input>();
>       +  test01<random_access, random_access>();
>       +  test02<input, input>();
>       +  test02<random_access, random_access>();
>       +
>       +  test01<input_sized, input_sized>();
>       +  test01<random_access_sized, random_access_sized>();
>       +  test02<input_sized, input_sized>();
>       +  test02<random_access_sized, random_access_sized>();
>       +
>       +  test01<input_sized_sent, input_sized_sent>();
>       +  test01<random_access_sized_sent, random_access_sized_sent>();
>       +  test02<input_sized_sent, input_sized_sent>();
>       +  test02<random_access_sized_sent, random_access_sized_sent>();
>       +}
>       --
>       2.49.0.608.gcb96e1697a
> 
> 
> 

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