The problem in this testcase was that we were recognizing a local const variable with a constant initializer as a constant expression, but we weren't doing the necessary adjustments to convert the initializer to the type of the variable.

But some of the other bits of cp_finish_decl caused problems for variables with function scope. After some investigation, it seemed to me that the only part of cp_finish_decl that we really want for constants in templates is the initializer processing, so rather than mess with clearing processing_template_decl and going through all the other pieces, we can just call check_initializer directly and then be done.

For 4.6 I made a smaller change that only affects local variables.

Tested x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, applying to trunk and 4.6.
commit 56ee3cf091b9b349ddbcdc8afb62e4ec4cf0eae0
Author: Jason Merrill <ja...@redhat.com>
Date:   Tue Apr 19 23:25:21 2011 -0700

        PR c++/48657
        * decl.c (cp_finish_decl): Simplify template handling.

diff --git a/gcc/cp/decl.c b/gcc/cp/decl.c
index 6309648..cf4a40e 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/decl.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/decl.c
@@ -5750,7 +5750,6 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
   const char *asmspec = NULL;
   int was_readonly = 0;
   bool var_definition_p = false;
-  int saved_processing_template_decl;
   tree auto_node;
 
   if (decl == error_mark_node)
@@ -5772,7 +5771,6 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
 
   /* Assume no cleanup is required.  */
   cleanup = NULL_TREE;
-  saved_processing_template_decl = processing_template_decl;
 
   /* If a name was specified, get the string.  */
   if (global_scope_p (current_binding_level))
@@ -5878,39 +5876,24 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
         template is instantiated.  But, if DECL is a variable constant
         then it can be used in future constant expressions, so its value
         must be available. */
-      if (!(init
-           && DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl)
-           /* We just set TREE_CONSTANT appropriately; see above.  */
-           && TREE_CONSTANT (decl)
-           && !type_dependent_p
-           /* FIXME non-value-dependent constant expression  */
-           && !value_dependent_init_p (init)))
+      if (init
+         && init_const_expr_p
+         && !type_dependent_p
+         && decl_maybe_constant_var_p (decl)
+         && !value_dependent_init_p (init))
        {
-         if (init)
-           DECL_INITIAL (decl) = init;
-         if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
-             && !DECL_PRETTY_FUNCTION_P (decl)
-             && !type_dependent_p)
-           maybe_deduce_size_from_array_init (decl, init);
-         goto finish_end;
+         tree init_code = check_initializer (decl, init, flags, &cleanup);
+         if (init_code == NULL_TREE)
+           init = NULL_TREE;
        }
+      else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+              && !DECL_PRETTY_FUNCTION_P (decl)
+              && !type_dependent_p)
+       maybe_deduce_size_from_array_init (decl, init);
 
-      if (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST)
-       {
-         /* If the parenthesized-initializer form was used (e.g.,
-            "int A<N>::i(X)"), then INIT will be a TREE_LIST of initializer
-            arguments.  (There is generally only one.)  We convert them
-            individually.  */
-         tree list = init;
-         for (; list; list = TREE_CHAIN (list))
-           {
-             tree elt = TREE_VALUE (list);
-             TREE_VALUE (list) = fold_non_dependent_expr (elt);
-           }
-       }
-      else
-       init = fold_non_dependent_expr (init);
-      processing_template_decl = 0;
+      if (init)
+       DECL_INITIAL (decl) = init;
+      return;
     }
 
   /* Take care of TYPE_DECLs up front.  */
@@ -5933,7 +5916,7 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
 
       rest_of_decl_compilation (decl, DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (decl),
                                at_eof);
-      goto finish_end;
+      return;
     }
 
   /* A reference will be modified here, as it is initialized.  */
@@ -6057,8 +6040,7 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
       else if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
        layout_type (type);
 
-      if (!processing_template_decl
-         && TREE_STATIC (decl)
+      if (TREE_STATIC (decl)
          && !at_function_scope_p ()
          && current_function_decl == NULL)
        /* So decl is a global variable or a static member of a
@@ -6078,9 +6060,8 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
 
   /* Let the middle end know about variables and functions -- but not
      static data members in uninstantiated class templates.  */
-  if (!saved_processing_template_decl
-      && (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL 
-         || TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL))
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+      || TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
     {
       if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
        {
@@ -6167,9 +6148,6 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
   if (cleanup)
     push_cleanup (decl, cleanup, false);
 
- finish_end:
-  processing_template_decl = saved_processing_template_decl;
-
   if (was_readonly)
     TREE_READONLY (decl) = 1;
 }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/template/const4.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/template/const4.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6552ec6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/template/const4.C
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// PR c++/48657
+
+template<unsigned> struct A { typedef int T; };
+
+template<unsigned> void f()
+{
+  const unsigned D = 4;
+  A<D>::T t;
+}
commit a4b9191f458ee8c6a2555b83daacd158520244eb
Author: Jason Merrill <ja...@redhat.com>
Date:   Wed Apr 20 12:05:28 2011 -0700

        PR c++/48657
        * decl.c (cp_finish_decl): Handle non-member constant variables
        in templates, too.

diff --git a/gcc/cp/decl.c b/gcc/cp/decl.c
index 41beef3..61b57ea 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/decl.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/decl.c
@@ -5862,11 +5862,9 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
         then it can be used in future constant expressions, so its value
         must be available. */
       if (!(init
-           && DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl)
-           /* We just set TREE_CONSTANT appropriately; see above.  */
-           && TREE_CONSTANT (decl)
+           && init_const_expr_p
            && !type_dependent_p
-           /* FIXME non-value-dependent constant expression  */
+           && decl_maybe_constant_var_p (decl)
            && !value_dependent_init_p (init)))
        {
          if (init)
@@ -5878,6 +5876,14 @@ cp_finish_decl (tree decl, tree init, bool 
init_const_expr_p,
          goto finish_end;
        }
 
+      if (!DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl))
+       {
+         tree init_code = check_initializer (decl, init, flags, &cleanup);
+         if (init_code)
+           DECL_INITIAL (decl) = init;
+         goto finish_end;
+       }
+
       if (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST)
        {
          /* If the parenthesized-initializer form was used (e.g.,
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/template/const4.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/template/const4.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6552ec6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/template/const4.C
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// PR c++/48657
+
+template<unsigned> struct A { typedef int T; };
+
+template<unsigned> void f()
+{
+  const unsigned D = 4;
+  A<D>::T t;
+}

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