https://gcc.gnu.org/g:59213fd40fe5f272f603f5b8303d2c371f05c7a5

commit r15-10474-g59213fd40fe5f272f603f5b8303d2c371f05c7a5
Author: Nathaniel Shead <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Oct 26 22:27:33 2025 +1100

    c++/modules: Track all static class variables [PR122421]
    
    The linker error in the PR is caused because when a static is defined
    out of the class body, it doesn't yet have a definition and so
    read_var_def (which would otherwise have noted it) never gets called.
    
    This instead moves the responsibility for noting class-scope variables
    to read_class_def.
    
            PR c++/122421
    
    gcc/cp/ChangeLog:
    
            * module.cc (trees_in::read_var_def): Don't handle class-scope
            variables anymore.
            (trees_in::read_class_def): Handle them here instead.
    
    gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
    
            * g++.dg/modules/inst-6_a.C: New test.
            * g++.dg/modules/inst-6_b.C: New test.
    
    Signed-off-by: Nathaniel Shead <[email protected]>
    Reviewed-by: Jason Merrill <[email protected]>
    (cherry picked from commit fd5c057c2d01346d69119f88ca94debf27842e4e)

Diff:
---
 gcc/cp/module.cc                        | 15 +++++++++------
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/inst-6_a.C | 14 ++++++++++++++
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/inst-6_b.C | 12 ++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gcc/cp/module.cc b/gcc/cp/module.cc
index 632dc47552a6..eed84706686b 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/module.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/module.cc
@@ -12848,12 +12848,11 @@ trees_in::read_var_def (tree decl, tree 
maybe_template)
          if (DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl)
              && !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
            setup_explicit_instantiation_definition_linkage (decl);
-         if (DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl)
-             || (DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl)
-                 && !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
-             || (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl)
-                 && !DECL_VTABLE_OR_VTT_P (decl)
-                 && !DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)))
+         /* Class static data members are handled in read_class_def.  */
+         if (!DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl)
+             && (DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl)
+                 || (DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl)
+                     && !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))))
            note_vague_linkage_variable (decl);
        }
       if (!dyn_init)
@@ -13267,6 +13266,10 @@ trees_in::read_class_def (tree defn, tree 
maybe_template)
                        DECL_ACCESS (d) = tree_cons (type, access, list);
                    }
                }
+
+             if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+                 && TREE_CODE (maybe_template) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
+               note_vague_linkage_variable (decl);
            }
        }
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/inst-6_a.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/inst-6_a.C
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7f35cc161bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/inst-6_a.C
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// PR c++/122421
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M }
+
+export module M;
+
+export template <typename T> struct Type {
+  static const int arr[3];
+};
+
+extern template const int Type<double>::arr[3];
+template <typename T> const int Type<T>::arr[] = { 42, 43, 44 };
+
+export Type<int> ti;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/inst-6_b.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/inst-6_b.C
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a8092ccb148
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/inst-6_b.C
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// PR c++/122421
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules" }
+
+import M;
+
+int main() {
+  const int& a = Type<int>::arr[0];
+  const int& b = Type<double>::arr[0];
+}
+
+// { dg-final { scan-assembler {_ZNW1M4TypeIiE3arrE:} } }
+// { dg-final { scan-assembler-not {_ZNW1M4TypeIdE3arrE:} } }

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