https://gcc.gnu.org/g:9a45588f39d9710f2d7b5dec2e75d00531e7436d

commit 9a45588f39d9710f2d7b5dec2e75d00531e7436d
Author: Jakub Dupak <d...@jakubdupak.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 18 20:43:17 2023 +0200

    borrowck: Create BIR builders (visitors)
    
    gcc/rust/ChangeLog:
    
            * Make-lang.in: Compile BIR expr visitor.
            * checks/errors/borrowck/rust-borrow-checker.cc 
(BorrowChecker::go): Use BIR builder.
            * rust-session-manager.cc (Session::compile_crate): Run borrow 
checker.
            * checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.cc: New file.
            * checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h: New file.
            * checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-internal.h: New file.
            * checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-lazyboolexpr.h: New file.
            * checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-pattern.h: New file.
            * checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-struct.h: New file.
            * checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder.h: New file.
    
    Signed-off-by: Jakub Dupak <d...@jakubdupak.com>

Diff:
---
 gcc/rust/Make-lang.in                              |   1 +
 .../errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.cc  | 578 +++++++++++++++++++++
 .../errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h   | 150 ++++++
 .../errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-internal.h    | 416 +++++++++++++++
 .../borrowck/rust-bir-builder-lazyboolexpr.h       | 243 +++++++++
 .../errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-pattern.h     | 290 +++++++++++
 .../errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-struct.h      | 270 ++++++++++
 gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder.h |  88 ++++
 .../checks/errors/borrowck/rust-borrow-checker.cc  |   8 +-
 gcc/rust/rust-session-manager.cc                   |   2 +-
 10 files changed, 2042 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gcc/rust/Make-lang.in b/gcc/rust/Make-lang.in
index f4b9eb5502e2..1e462ef6a1bf 100644
--- a/gcc/rust/Make-lang.in
+++ b/gcc/rust/Make-lang.in
@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ GRS_OBJS = \
     rust/rust-hir-type-check-enumitem.o \
     rust/rust-hir-type-check-implitem.o \
     rust/rust-borrow-checker.o \
+    rust/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.o \
     rust/rust-hir-dot-operator.o \
     rust/rust-hir-path-probe.o \
     rust/rust-type-util.o \
diff --git a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.cc 
b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1487c853b49e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This file is part of GCC.
+
+// GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+// Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+// version.
+
+// GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+// for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If
+// not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include "rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-lazyboolexpr.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-pattern.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-struct.h"
+
+namespace Rust {
+namespace BIR {
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ClosureExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto closure_ty = lookup_type (expr)->as<TyTy::ClosureType> ();
+  std::vector<PlaceId> captures;
+  for (auto &capture : closure_ty->get_captures ())
+    {
+      captures.push_back (ctx.place_db.lookup_variable (capture));
+    }
+
+  // Not a coercion site.
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr (std::move (captures)), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::StructExprStructFields &fields)
+{
+  auto struct_ty
+    = lookup_type (fields)->as<TyTy::ADTType> ()->get_variants ().at (0);
+  auto init_values = StructBuilder (ctx, struct_ty).build (fields);
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr (std::move (init_values)),
+              lookup_type (fields));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::StructExprStruct &expr)
+{
+  // There is no way to modify empty struct, which makes them constant.
+  return_place (ctx.place_db.get_constant (lookup_type (expr)));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::LiteralExpr &expr)
+{
+  // Different literal values of the same type are not distinguished.
+  return_place (ctx.place_db.get_constant (lookup_type (expr)));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::BorrowExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto operand = visit_expr (*expr.get_expr ());
+  return_expr (new BorrowExpr (operand), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::DereferenceExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto operand = visit_expr (*expr.get_expr ());
+  return_place (operand);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ErrorPropagationExpr &expr)
+{
+  rust_sorry_at (expr.get_locus (), "error propagation is not supported");
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::NegationExpr &expr)
+{
+  PlaceId operand = visit_expr (*expr.get_expr ());
+  return_expr (new Operator<1> ({operand}), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ArithmeticOrLogicalExpr &expr)
+{
+  PlaceId lhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_lhs ());
+  PlaceId rhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_rhs ());
+  return_expr (new Operator<2> ({lhs, rhs}), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ComparisonExpr &expr)
+{
+  PlaceId lhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_lhs ());
+  PlaceId rhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_rhs ());
+  return_expr (new Operator<2> ({lhs, rhs}), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::LazyBooleanExpr &expr)
+{
+  return_place (LazyBooleanExprBuilder (ctx).build (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::TypeCastExpr &expr)
+{
+  return_place (visit_expr (*expr.get_expr ()));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::AssignmentExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto lhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_lhs ());
+  auto rhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_rhs ());
+  push_assignment (lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::CompoundAssignmentExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto lhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_lhs ());
+  auto rhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_rhs ());
+  push_assignment (lhs, new Operator<2> ({lhs, rhs}));
+  // TODO: (philip) nicer unit?
+  return_place (ctx.place_db.get_constant (lookup_type (expr)));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::GroupedExpr &expr)
+{
+  // Uses accept_vis directly to avoid creating n new temporary.
+  expr.get_expr_in_parens ()->accept_vis (*this);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ArrayExpr &expr)
+{
+  switch (expr.get_internal_elements ()->get_array_expr_type ())
+    {
+      case HIR::ArrayElems::VALUES: {
+       auto init_values = visit_list ((static_cast<HIR::ArrayElemsValues *> (
+                                         expr.get_internal_elements ().get ()))
+                                        ->get_values ());
+       return_expr (new InitializerExpr (std::move (init_values)),
+                    lookup_type (expr));
+       break;
+      }
+      case HIR::ArrayElems::COPIED: {
+       auto init = visit_expr (*(static_cast<HIR::ArrayElemsCopied *> (
+                                   expr.get_internal_elements ().get ()))
+                                  ->get_elem_to_copy ());
+       return_expr (new InitializerExpr ({init}), lookup_type (expr));
+       break;
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ArrayIndexExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto lhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_array_expr ());
+  auto rhs = visit_expr (*expr.get_index_expr ());
+  // The Index is not tracked in BIR.
+  (void) rhs;
+  return_place (
+    ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::INDEX, lookup_type (expr), lhs));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::TupleExpr &expr)
+{
+  std::vector<PlaceId> init_values = visit_list (expr.get_tuple_elems ());
+  if (std::any_of (init_values.begin (), init_values.end (),
+                  [this] (PlaceId id) {
+                    return ctx.place_db[id].lifetime.has_lifetime ();
+                  }))
+    {
+      ctx.place_db[expr_return_place].lifetime
+       = {ctx.lifetime_interner.get_anonymous ()};
+    }
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr (std::move (init_values)),
+              lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::TupleIndexExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto tuple = visit_expr (*expr.get_tuple_expr ());
+  return_place (ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::FIELD,
+                                                lookup_type (expr), tuple,
+                                                expr.get_tuple_index ()));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::CallExpr &expr)
+{
+  PlaceId fn = visit_expr (*expr.get_fnexpr ());
+  std::vector<PlaceId> arguments = visit_list (expr.get_arguments ());
+
+  TyTy::BaseType *call_type = ctx.place_db[fn].tyty;
+  if (auto fn_type = call_type->try_as<TyTy::FnType> ())
+    {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < fn_type->get_params ().size (); ++i)
+       {
+         coercion_site (arguments[i], fn_type->get_params ()[i].second);
+       }
+    }
+  else if (auto fn_ptr_type = call_type->try_as<TyTy::FnPtr> ())
+    {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < fn_ptr_type->get_params ().size (); ++i)
+       {
+         coercion_site (arguments[i],
+                        fn_ptr_type->get_params ()[i].get_tyty ());
+       }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      rust_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  return_expr (new CallExpr (fn, std::move (arguments)), lookup_type (expr),
+              true);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::FieldAccessExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto receiver = visit_expr (*expr.get_receiver_expr ());
+  auto type = autoderef (receiver);
+  rust_assert (type->get_kind () == TyTy::ADT);
+  auto adt = type->as<TyTy::ADTType> ();
+  rust_assert (!adt->is_enum ());
+  rust_assert (adt->number_of_variants () == 1);
+  TyTy::VariantDef *variant = adt->get_variants ().at (0);
+
+  TyTy::StructFieldType *field_ty = nullptr;
+  size_t field_index = 0;
+  bool ok = variant->lookup_field (expr.get_field_name ().as_string (),
+                                  &field_ty, &field_index);
+  rust_assert (ok);
+
+  return_place (ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::FIELD,
+                                                field_ty->get_field_type (),
+                                                receiver, field_index));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::BlockExpr &block)
+{
+  for (auto &stmt : block.get_statements ())
+    {
+      stmt->accept_vis (*this);
+    }
+  if (block.has_expr ())
+    {
+      return_place (visit_expr (*block.get_final_expr ()));
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ContinueExpr &cont)
+{
+  //  BuilderContext::LabelledBlockCtx loop_ctx;
+  //  NodeId label = UNKNOWN_NODEID;
+  //  if (cont.has_label ())
+  //    {
+  //      if (!resolve_label (cont.get_label (), label))
+  //   return;
+  //    }
+  //
+  //  if (!find_block_ctx (label, loop_ctx))
+  //    {
+  //      rust_error_at (cont.get_locus (), "unresolved loop label");
+  //    }
+  //
+  //  add_jump_to (loop_ctx.continue_bb);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::BreakExpr &brk)
+{
+  //  BuilderContext::LabelledBlockCtx block_ctx{};
+  //  NodeId label = UNKNOWN_NODEID;
+  //  if (brk.has_label ())
+  //    {
+  //      if (!resolve_label (brk.get_label (), label))
+  //   return;
+  //    }
+  //  if (!find_block_ctx (label, block_ctx))
+  //    {
+  //      rust_error_at (brk.get_locus (), "unresolved labelled block");
+  //    }
+  //
+  //  if (brk.has_break_expr ())
+  //    {
+  //      brk.get_expr ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  //      push_assignment (block_ctx.label_var, new Operator<1> 
({translated}));
+  //    }
+  //
+  //  add_jump_to (block_ctx.break_bb);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::RangeFromToExpr &range)
+{
+  auto from = visit_expr (*range.get_from_expr ());
+  auto to = visit_expr (*range.get_to_expr ());
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr ({from, to}), lookup_type (range));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::RangeFromExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto from = visit_expr (*expr.get_from_expr ());
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr ({from}), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::RangeToExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto to = visit_expr (*expr.get_to_expr ());
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr ({to}), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::RangeFullExpr &expr)
+{
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr ({}), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::RangeFromToInclExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto from = visit_expr (*expr.get_from_expr ());
+  auto to = visit_expr (*expr.get_to_expr ());
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr ({from, to}), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::RangeToInclExpr &expr)
+{
+  auto to = visit_expr (*expr.get_to_expr ());
+  return_expr (new InitializerExpr ({to}), lookup_type (expr));
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ReturnExpr &ret)
+{
+  if (ret.has_return_expr ())
+    {
+      push_assignment (RETURN_VALUE_PLACE, visit_expr (*ret.get_expr ()));
+    }
+  ctx.get_current_bb ().statements.emplace_back (Node::Kind::RETURN);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::UnsafeBlockExpr &expr)
+{
+  rust_sorry_at (expr.get_locus (), "unsafe blocks are not supported");
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::LoopExpr &expr)
+{
+  //  PlaceId label_var = ctx.place_db.add_temporary (nullptr);
+  //  NodeId label;
+  //  if (!resolve_label (expr.get_loop_label (), label))
+  //    return;
+  //  ctx.label_place_map.emplace (label, label_var);
+  //
+  //  expr.get_loop_block ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  //
+  //  translated = label_var;
+}
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::WhileLoopExpr &expr)
+{
+  //  // TODO: Desugar in AST->HIR ???
+  //  PlaceId label_var = ctx.place_db.add_temporary (nullptr);
+  //  NodeId label;
+  //  if (!resolve_label (expr.get_loop_label (), label))
+  //    return;
+  //  ctx.label_place_map.emplace (label, label_var);
+  //
+  //  expr.get_predicate_expr ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  //
+  //  expr.get_loop_block ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  //
+  //  translated = label_var;
+}
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::WhileLetLoopExpr &expr)
+{
+  // TODO: Desugar in AST->HIR
+}
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::IfExpr &expr)
+{
+  // If without else cannot return a non-unit value (see [E0317]).
+
+  push_switch (visit_expr (*expr.get_if_condition ()));
+  BasicBlockId if_block = ctx.current_bb;
+
+  ctx.current_bb = new_bb ();
+  (void) visit_expr (*expr.get_if_block ());
+  BasicBlockId then_block = ctx.current_bb;
+
+  ctx.current_bb = new_bb ();
+  BasicBlockId final_block = ctx.current_bb;
+  return_unit (expr);
+
+  // Jumps are added at the end to match rustc MIR order for easier comparison.
+  add_jump (if_block, then_block);
+  add_jump (if_block, final_block);
+  add_jump (then_block, final_block);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::IfExprConseqElse &expr)
+{
+  PlaceId result = ctx.place_db.add_temporary (lookup_type (expr));
+
+  push_switch (visit_expr (*expr.get_if_condition ()));
+  BasicBlockId if_block = ctx.current_bb;
+
+  ctx.current_bb = new_bb ();
+  auto then_res = visit_expr (*expr.get_if_block ());
+  push_assignment (result, then_res);
+  BasicBlockId then_block = ctx.current_bb;
+
+  ctx.current_bb = new_bb ();
+  auto else_res = visit_expr (*expr.get_else_block ());
+  push_assignment (result, else_res);
+  BasicBlockId else_block = ctx.current_bb;
+
+  ctx.current_bb = new_bb ();
+  BasicBlockId final_block = ctx.current_bb;
+  return_place (result);
+
+  // Jumps are added at the end to match rustc MIR order for easier comparison.
+  add_jump (if_block, then_block);
+  add_jump (if_block, else_block);
+  add_jump (then_block, final_block);
+  add_jump (else_block, final_block);
+}
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::IfLetExpr &expr)
+{
+  rust_sorry_at (expr.get_locus (), "if let expressions are not supported");
+}
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::IfLetExprConseqElse &expr)
+{
+  rust_sorry_at (expr.get_locus (), "if let expressions are not supported");
+}
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::MatchExpr &expr)
+{
+  //  // TODO
+  //  expr.get_scrutinee_expr ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  //  PlaceId scrutinee = translated;
+  //
+  //  BasicBlockId final_bb = new_bb ();
+  //
+  //  BasicBlockId next_case_bb = new_bb ();
+  //  for (auto &match_case : expr.get_match_cases ())
+  //    {
+  //      BasicBlockId body_bb = new_bb ();
+  //
+  //      BasicBlockId next_pattern_bb = new_bb ();
+  //      for (auto &pat : match_case.get_arm ().get_patterns ())
+  //   {
+  //     compile_pattern_validation (*pat, scrutinee);
+  //     push_switch (translated);
+  //     add_jump_to (next_pattern_bb);
+  //     start_new_subsequent_bb ();
+  //     compile_pattern_bindings (*pat, scrutinee);
+  //     add_jump_to (body_bb);
+  //
+  //     ctx.current_bb = next_pattern_bb;
+  //     next_pattern_bb = new_bb ();
+  //   }
+  //      ctx.current_bb = next_pattern_bb;
+  //      // No pattern matched, go to the next case.
+  //      add_jump_to (next_case_bb);
+  //
+  //      ctx.current_bb = body_bb;
+  //      match_case.get_expr ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  //      add_jump_to (final_bb);
+  //
+  //      ctx.current_bb = next_case_bb;
+  //      next_case_bb = new_bb ();
+  //    }
+  //  add_jump_to (final_bb);
+  //
+  //  ctx.current_bb = final_bb;
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::AwaitExpr &expr)
+{
+  rust_sorry_at (expr.get_locus (), "await expressions are not supported");
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::AsyncBlockExpr &expr)
+{
+  rust_sorry_at (expr.get_locus (), "async blocks are not supported");
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::QualifiedPathInExpression &expr)
+{
+  PlaceId result;
+  // Note: Type is only stored for the expr, not the segment.
+  bool ok = resolve_variable (expr.get_final_segment (), result);
+  rust_assert (ok);
+  return_place (result);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::PathInExpression &expr)
+{
+  PlaceId result;
+  // Note: Type is only stored for the expr, not the segment.
+  bool ok = resolve_variable (expr.get_final_segment (), result);
+  rust_assert (ok);
+  return_place (result);
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::LetStmt &stmt)
+{
+  if (stmt.has_init_expr ())
+    {
+      auto init = visit_expr (*stmt.get_init_expr ());
+      PatternBindingBuilder (ctx, init, stmt.get_type ().get ())
+       .go (*stmt.get_pattern ());
+    }
+  else if (stmt.get_pattern ()->get_pattern_type () == 
HIR::Pattern::IDENTIFIER)
+    {
+      auto var = declare_variable (stmt.get_pattern ()->get_mappings ());
+      auto &var_place = ctx.place_db[var];
+      if (var_place.tyty->get_kind () == TyTy::REF)
+       {
+         auto p_type = tl::optional<HIR::ReferenceType *> (
+           static_cast<HIR::ReferenceType *> (stmt.get_type ().get ()));
+         var_place.lifetime = ctx.lookup_lifetime (
+           p_type.map (&HIR::ReferenceType::get_lifetime));
+       }
+      return;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      // TODO
+      rust_sorry_at (stmt.get_locus (), "pattern matching in let statements");
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ExprStmtBuilder::visit (HIR::ExprStmt &stmt)
+{
+  (void) visit_expr (*stmt.get_expr ());
+}
+
+} // namespace BIR
+} // namespace Rust
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h 
b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f46cba5f9684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This file is part of GCC.
+
+// GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+// Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+// version.
+
+// GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+// for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef RUST_BIR_BUILDER_EXPR_H
+#define RUST_BIR_BUILDER_EXPR_H
+
+#include "rust-hir-visitor.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-internal.h"
+
+namespace Rust {
+namespace BIR {
+
+class ExprStmtBuilder : public AbstractExprBuilder, public HIR::HIRStmtVisitor
+{
+  PlaceId expr_return_place = INVALID_PLACE;
+
+public:
+  explicit ExprStmtBuilder (BuilderContext &ctx) : AbstractExprBuilder (ctx) {}
+
+  PlaceId build (HIR::Expr &expr) { return visit_expr (expr); }
+
+private:
+  template <typename T>
+  std::vector<PlaceId> visit_list (std::vector<std::unique_ptr<T>> &list)
+  {
+    std::vector<PlaceId> result;
+    for (auto &elem : list)
+      {
+       result.push_back (visit_expr (*elem));
+      }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+protected: // Expr
+  // TODO: test when compiles
+  void visit (HIR::ClosureExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprStructFields &fields) override;
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprStruct &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::LiteralExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::BorrowExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::DereferenceExpr &expr) override;
+  // TODO: desugar in AST->HIR
+  void visit (HIR::ErrorPropagationExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::NegationExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::ArithmeticOrLogicalExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::ComparisonExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::LazyBooleanExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::TypeCastExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::AssignmentExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::CompoundAssignmentExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::GroupedExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayIndexExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::TupleExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::TupleIndexExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::CallExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::MethodCallExpr &expr) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::FieldAccessExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::BlockExpr &block) override;
+  void visit (HIR::ContinueExpr &cont) override;
+  void visit (HIR::BreakExpr &brk) override;
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromToExpr &range) override;
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::RangeToExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFullExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromToInclExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::RangeToInclExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::ReturnExpr &ret) override;
+  void visit (HIR::UnsafeBlockExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::LoopExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::WhileLoopExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::WhileLetLoopExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::IfExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::IfExprConseqElse &expr) override;
+
+  void visit (HIR::IfLetExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::IfLetExprConseqElse &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::MatchExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::AwaitExpr &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::AsyncBlockExpr &expr) override;
+
+  // Nodes not containing executable code. Nothing to do.
+  void visit (HIR::QualifiedPathInExpression &expr) override;
+  void visit (HIR::PathInExpression &expr) override;
+
+protected: // Handled by other visitors
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifier &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifierValue &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIndexValue &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+
+protected: // Stmt
+  void visit (HIR::LetStmt &stmt) override;
+
+  void visit (HIR::ExprStmt &stmt) override;
+
+protected: // Unused
+  // Only executable code of a single function/method is translated.
+  // All other items are ignored.
+  void visit (HIR::EnumItemTuple &tuple) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::EnumItemStruct &a_struct) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::EnumItem &item) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::TupleStruct &tuple_struct) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::EnumItemDiscriminant &discriminant) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::TypePathSegmentFunction &segment) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::TypePath &path) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::QualifiedPathInType &path) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::Module &module) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::ExternCrate &crate) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::UseDeclaration &use_decl) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::Function &function) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::TypeAlias &type_alias) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::StructStruct &struct_item) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::Enum &enum_item) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::Union &union_item) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::ConstantItem &const_item) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::StaticItem &static_item) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::Trait &trait) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::ImplBlock &impl) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::ExternBlock &block) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::EmptyStmt &stmt) override {}
+};
+
+} // namespace BIR
+} // namespace Rust
+
+#endif // RUST_BIR_BUILDER_EXPR_H
diff --git a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-internal.h 
b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..48116d8c351c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This file is part of GCC.
+
+// GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+// Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+// version.
+
+// GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+// for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef RUST_BIR_BUILDER_INTERNAL_H
+#define RUST_BIR_BUILDER_INTERNAL_H
+
+#include "rust-bir-place.h"
+#include "rust-hir-expr.h"
+#include "rust-hir-item.h"
+#include "rust-hir-type-check.h"
+#include "rust-hir-visitor.h"
+#include "rust-name-resolver.h"
+#include "rust-bir.h"
+
+namespace Rust {
+
+namespace BIR {
+
+class LifetimeResolver
+{
+  using Index = uint32_t;
+  using Value = std::string;
+
+  Index next_index = FIRST_NORMAL_LIFETIME_ID;
+  std::unordered_map<Value, Index> value_to_index;
+
+public:
+  Index intern (const Value &value)
+  {
+    auto found = value_to_index.find (value);
+    if (found != value_to_index.end ())
+      {
+       return found->second;
+      }
+    value_to_index.emplace (value, next_index);
+    return next_index++;
+  }
+  Index get_anonymous () { return next_index++; }
+};
+
+struct BuilderContext
+{
+  struct LabelledBlockCtx
+  {
+    NodeId label; // UNKNOWN_NODEID if no label
+    PlaceId label_var;
+    BasicBlockId break_bb;
+    BasicBlockId continue_bb; // Only valid for loops
+  };
+
+  // Context
+  Resolver::TypeCheckContext &tyctx;
+  Resolver::Resolver &resolver;
+
+  std::vector<BasicBlock> basic_blocks;
+  size_t current_bb = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Allocation and lookup of places (variables, temporaries, paths, and
+   * constants)
+   */
+  PlaceDB place_db;
+  LifetimeResolver lifetime_interner;
+  std::vector<PlaceId> arguments;
+  /**
+   * Since labels can be used to return values, we need to reserve a place for
+   * them. This map associates labels with their respective places.
+   */
+  std::unordered_map<NodeId, PlaceId> label_place_map;
+
+  std::vector<LabelledBlockCtx> loop_stack;
+
+public:
+  BuilderContext ()
+    : tyctx (*Resolver::TypeCheckContext::get ()),
+      resolver (*Resolver::Resolver::get ())
+  {
+    basic_blocks.emplace_back (); // StartBB
+  }
+
+  BasicBlock &get_current_bb () { return basic_blocks[current_bb]; }
+
+  Lifetime lookup_lifetime (const tl::optional<HIR::Lifetime> &lifetime)
+  {
+    if (!lifetime.has_value ())
+      return {lifetime_interner.get_anonymous ()};
+    switch (lifetime->get_lifetime_type ())
+      {
+       case AST::Lifetime::NAMED: {
+         return {lifetime_interner.intern (lifetime->get_name ())};
+       }
+       case AST::Lifetime::STATIC: {
+         return STATIC_LIFETIME;
+       }
+       case AST::Lifetime::WILDCARD: {
+         rust_sorry_at (lifetime->get_locus (),
+                        "lifetime elision is not yet implemented");
+         return NO_LIFETIME;
+       }
+      }
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  };
+};
+
+// Common infrastructure for building BIR from HIR.
+class AbstractBuilder
+{
+protected:
+  BuilderContext &ctx;
+
+  // This emulates the return value of the visitor, to be able to use the
+  // current visitor infrastructure, where the return value is forced to be
+  // void.
+  PlaceId translated = INVALID_PLACE;
+
+protected:
+  explicit AbstractBuilder (BuilderContext &ctx) : ctx (ctx) {}
+
+  WARN_UNUSED_RESULT static NodeId get_nodeid (HIR::Expr &expr)
+  {
+    return expr.get_mappings ().get_nodeid ();
+  }
+
+  WARN_UNUSED_RESULT static NodeId get_nodeid (HIR::Pattern &pattern)
+  {
+    return pattern.get_mappings ().get_nodeid ();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  WARN_UNUSED_RESULT TyTy::BaseType *lookup_type (T &pattern) const
+  {
+    return lookup_type (pattern.get_mappings ().get_hirid ());
+  }
+
+  WARN_UNUSED_RESULT TyTy::BaseType *lookup_type (HirId hirid) const
+  {
+    TyTy::BaseType *type = nullptr;
+    bool ok = ctx.tyctx.lookup_type (hirid, &type);
+    rust_assert (ok);
+    rust_assert (type != nullptr);
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  PlaceId declare_variable (const Analysis::NodeMapping &node)
+  {
+    const NodeId nodeid = node.get_nodeid ();
+    const HirId hirid = node.get_hirid ();
+
+    // In debug mode check that the variable is not already declared.
+    rust_assert (ctx.place_db.lookup_variable (nodeid) == INVALID_PLACE);
+
+    return ctx.place_db.add_variable (nodeid, lookup_type (hirid));
+  }
+
+  PlaceId declare_variable (const Analysis::NodeMapping &node,
+                           TyTy::BaseType *type)
+  {
+    const NodeId nodeid = node.get_nodeid ();
+
+    // In debug mode check that the variable is not already declared.
+    rust_assert (ctx.place_db.lookup_variable (nodeid) == INVALID_PLACE);
+
+    return ctx.place_db.add_variable (nodeid, type);
+  }
+
+  void push_assignment (PlaceId lhs, AbstractExpr *rhs)
+  {
+    ctx.get_current_bb ().statements.emplace_back (lhs, rhs);
+    translated = lhs;
+  }
+
+  void push_assignment (PlaceId lhs, PlaceId rhs)
+  {
+    push_assignment (lhs, new Assignment (rhs));
+  }
+
+  void push_tmp_assignment (AbstractExpr *rhs, TyTy::BaseType *tyty)
+  {
+    PlaceId tmp = ctx.place_db.add_temporary (tyty);
+    push_assignment (tmp, rhs);
+  }
+
+  void push_switch (PlaceId switch_val)
+  {
+    ctx.get_current_bb ().statements.emplace_back (Node::Kind::SWITCH,
+                                                  switch_val);
+  }
+
+  void push_storage_dead (PlaceId place)
+  {
+    ctx.get_current_bb ().statements.emplace_back (Node::Kind::STORAGE_DEAD,
+                                                  place);
+  }
+
+  void push_storage_live (PlaceId place)
+  {
+    ctx.get_current_bb ().statements.emplace_back (Node::Kind::STORAGE_LIVE,
+                                                  place);
+  }
+
+  BasicBlockId new_bb ()
+  {
+    ctx.basic_blocks.emplace_back ();
+    return ctx.basic_blocks.size () - 1;
+  }
+
+  BasicBlockId start_new_subsequent_bb ()
+  {
+    BasicBlockId bb = new_bb ();
+    ctx.get_current_bb ().successors.emplace_back (bb);
+    ctx.current_bb = bb;
+    return bb;
+  }
+
+  void add_jump (BasicBlockId from, BasicBlockId to)
+  {
+    ctx.basic_blocks[from].successors.emplace_back (to);
+  }
+
+  void add_jump_to (BasicBlockId bb) { add_jump (ctx.current_bb, bb); }
+
+protected:
+  template <typename T> bool resolve_label (T &label, NodeId &resolved_label)
+  {
+    if (!ctx.resolver.lookup_resolved_label (
+         label.get_mappings ().get_nodeid (), &resolved_label))
+      {
+       rust_error_at (label.get_locus (), "unresolved label");
+       return false;
+      }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  bool resolve_variable (T &variable, PlaceId &resolved_variable)
+  {
+    NodeId variable_id;
+    if (!ctx.resolver.lookup_resolved_name (
+         variable.get_mappings ().get_nodeid (), &variable_id))
+      {
+       // TODO: should this be assert? (should be caught by typecheck)
+       rust_error_at (variable.get_locus (), "unresolved variable");
+       return false;
+      }
+    resolved_variable = ctx.place_db.lookup_variable (variable_id);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool find_block_ctx (NodeId label, BuilderContext::LabelledBlockCtx &block)
+  {
+    if (ctx.loop_stack.empty ())
+      return false;
+    if (label == UNKNOWN_NODEID)
+      {
+       block = ctx.loop_stack.back ();
+       return true;
+      }
+    auto found
+      = std::find_if (ctx.loop_stack.rbegin (), ctx.loop_stack.rend (),
+                     [&label] (const BuilderContext::LabelledBlockCtx &block) {
+                       return block.label == label;
+                     });
+    if (found == ctx.loop_stack.rend ())
+      return false;
+    block = *found;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs implicit coercions on the `translated` place defined for a
+   * coercion site.
+   *
+   * Reference: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-coercions.html
+   *
+   * The only coercion relevant to BIR is the autoderef. All other coercions
+   * will be taken in account because the type is extracted from each node and
+   * not derived from operations in HIR/BIR. The borrowck does not care about
+   * type transitions. Lifetimes are not coerced, rather new are created with
+   * defined bounds to the original ones.
+   */
+  void coercion_site (PlaceId &place, TyTy::BaseType *expected_ty)
+  {
+    auto count_ref_levels = [] (TyTy::BaseType *ty) {
+      size_t count = 0;
+      while (auto r = ty->try_as<TyTy::ReferenceType> ())
+       {
+         ty = r->get_base ();
+         count++;
+       }
+      return count;
+    };
+
+    auto actual_ty = ctx.place_db[place].tyty;
+
+    auto deref_count
+      = count_ref_levels (actual_ty) - count_ref_levels (expected_ty);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < deref_count; ++i)
+      {
+       actual_ty = actual_ty->as<TyTy::ReferenceType> ()->get_base ();
+       place
+         = ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::DEREF, actual_ty, place);
+      }
+  }
+
+  /** Dereferences the `translated` place until it is at most one reference and
+   * return the base type. */
+  TyTy::BaseType *autoderef (PlaceId &place)
+  {
+    auto ty = ctx.place_db[place].tyty;
+    while (auto ref_ty = ty->try_as<TyTy::ReferenceType> ())
+      {
+       ty = ref_ty->get_base ();
+       place = ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::DEREF, ty, place);
+      }
+    return ty;
+  }
+
+  /** For operator  */
+  void autoref ()
+  {
+    if (ctx.place_db[translated].tyty->get_kind () != TyTy::REF)
+      {
+       auto ty = ctx.place_db[translated].tyty;
+       push_tmp_assignment (
+         new BorrowExpr (translated),
+         new TyTy::ReferenceType (ty->get_ref (), TyTy::TyVar (ty->get_ref ()),
+                                  Mutability::Imm));
+      }
+  }
+};
+
+class AbstractExprBuilder : public AbstractBuilder,
+                           public HIR::HIRExpressionVisitor
+{
+protected:
+  // Exactly one of this and `translated` is used by each visitor.
+  AbstractExpr *expr_return_expr = nullptr;
+
+protected:
+  explicit AbstractExprBuilder (BuilderContext &ctx) : AbstractBuilder (ctx) {}
+
+  PlaceId visit_expr (HIR::Expr &expr)
+  {
+    // Reset return places.
+    translated = INVALID_PLACE;
+    expr_return_expr = nullptr;
+    expr.accept_vis (*this);
+    if (translated != INVALID_PLACE)
+      {
+       auto result = translated;
+       translated = INVALID_PLACE;
+       return result;
+      }
+    else if (expr_return_expr != nullptr)
+      {
+       // Only allocate temporary, if needed.
+       push_tmp_assignment (expr_return_expr, lookup_type (expr));
+       expr_return_expr = nullptr;
+       return translated;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+       return ctx.place_db.get_constant (lookup_type (expr));
+      }
+  }
+
+  void return_expr (AbstractExpr *expr, TyTy::BaseType *ty,
+                   bool can_panic = false)
+  {
+    rust_assert (expr_return_expr == nullptr);
+    if (can_panic)
+      {
+       push_tmp_assignment (expr, ty);
+       // TODO, cleanup?
+       start_new_subsequent_bb ();
+      }
+    else
+      {
+       translated = INVALID_PLACE;
+       expr_return_expr = expr;
+      }
+  }
+
+  void return_place (PlaceId place)
+  {
+    expr_return_expr = nullptr;
+    translated = place;
+  }
+
+  void return_unit (HIR::Expr &expr)
+  {
+    expr_return_expr = nullptr;
+    translated = ctx.place_db.get_constant (lookup_type (expr));
+  }
+};
+
+} // namespace BIR
+} // namespace Rust
+
+#endif // RUST_BIR_BUILDER_INTERNAL_H
diff --git a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-lazyboolexpr.h 
b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-lazyboolexpr.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4ec87d9c71e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-lazyboolexpr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This file is part of GCC.
+
+// GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+// Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+// version.
+
+// GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+// for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef RUST_BIR_BUILDER_LAZYBOOLEXPR_H
+#define RUST_BIR_BUILDER_LAZYBOOLEXPR_H
+
+#include "rust-bir-builder-internal.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h"
+#include "rust-hir-expr.h"
+
+namespace Rust {
+namespace BIR {
+
+/**
+ * Special builder is needed to store short-circuiting context for directly
+ * nested lazy boolean expressions.
+ */
+class LazyBooleanExprBuilder : public AbstractBuilder,
+                              public HIR::HIRExpressionVisitor
+{
+  BasicBlockId short_circuit_bb;
+
+public:
+  explicit LazyBooleanExprBuilder (BuilderContext &ctx)
+    : AbstractBuilder (ctx), short_circuit_bb (0)
+  {}
+
+  PlaceId build (HIR::LazyBooleanExpr &expr)
+  {
+    PlaceId return_place = ctx.place_db.add_temporary (lookup_type (expr));
+
+    short_circuit_bb = new_bb ();
+    visit (expr);
+    push_assignment (return_place, translated);
+    auto final_bb = new_bb ();
+    add_jump_to (final_bb);
+
+    ctx.current_bb = short_circuit_bb;
+    translated = ctx.place_db.get_constant (lookup_type (expr));
+    push_assignment (return_place, translated);
+    add_jump_to (final_bb);
+
+    ctx.current_bb = final_bb;
+    return return_place;
+  }
+
+protected:
+  void visit (HIR::LazyBooleanExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    expr.get_lhs ()->accept_vis (*this);
+    push_switch (translated);
+    add_jump_to (short_circuit_bb);
+
+    start_new_subsequent_bb ();
+    expr.get_rhs ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::GroupedExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    expr.get_expr_in_parens ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  }
+
+protected:
+public:
+  void visit (HIR::QualifiedPathInExpression &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::PathInExpression &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ClosureExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprStructFields &fields) override
+  {
+    ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (fields);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprStruct &a_struct) override
+  {
+    ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (a_struct);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::LiteralExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::BorrowExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::DereferenceExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ErrorPropagationExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::NegationExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ArithmeticOrLogicalExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ComparisonExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TypeCastExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::AssignmentExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::CompoundAssignmentExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayIndexExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleIndexExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::CallExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::MethodCallExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::FieldAccessExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::BlockExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::UnsafeBlockExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::LoopExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::WhileLoopExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::WhileLetLoopExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::IfExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::IfExprConseqElse &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::IfLetExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::IfLetExprConseqElse &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::MatchExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::AwaitExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::AsyncBlockExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (expr);
+  }
+
+protected: // Illegal at this position.
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifier &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifierValue &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIndexValue &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ContinueExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::BreakExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromToExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeToExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFullExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromToInclExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeToInclExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ReturnExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+};
+
+} // namespace BIR
+} // namespace Rust
+
+#endif // RUST_BIR_BUILDER_LAZYBOOLEXPR_H
diff --git a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-pattern.h 
b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-pattern.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0b4c83eca844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-pattern.h
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This file is part of GCC.
+
+// GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+// Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+// version.
+
+// GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+// for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef RUST_BIR_BUILDER_PATTERN_H
+#define RUST_BIR_BUILDER_PATTERN_H
+
+#include "rust-bir-builder-internal.h"
+
+namespace Rust {
+namespace BIR {
+// Compiles binding of values into newly created variables.
+// Used in let, match arm, and function parameter patterns.
+class PatternBindingBuilder : protected AbstractBuilder,
+                             public HIR::HIRPatternVisitor
+{
+  PlaceId init;
+  // This is where lifetime annotations are stored.
+  tl::optional<HIR::Type *> type;
+
+  // Emulates recursive stack saving and restoring inside a visitor.
+  class SavedState
+  {
+    PatternBindingBuilder *builder;
+
+  public:
+    const PlaceId init;
+    const tl::optional<HIR::Type *> type;
+
+  public:
+    explicit SavedState (PatternBindingBuilder *builder)
+      : builder (builder), init (builder->init), type (builder->type)
+    {}
+
+    ~SavedState ()
+    {
+      builder->init = init;
+      builder->type = type;
+    }
+  };
+
+public:
+  PatternBindingBuilder (BuilderContext &ctx, PlaceId init, HIR::Type *type)
+    : AbstractBuilder (ctx), init (init),
+      type (type ? tl::optional<HIR::Type *> (type) : tl::nullopt)
+  {}
+
+  void go (HIR::Pattern &pattern) { pattern.accept_vis (*this); }
+
+  void visit_identifier (const Analysis::NodeMapping &node, bool is_ref)
+  {
+    translated = declare_variable (node);
+    if (is_ref)
+      {
+       push_assignment (translated, new BorrowExpr (init));
+      }
+    else
+      {
+       push_assignment (translated, init);
+      }
+    auto &init_place = ctx.place_db[init];
+    auto &translated_place = ctx.place_db[translated];
+    if (init_place.tyty->get_kind () == TyTy::REF)
+      {
+       init_place.lifetime = ctx.lookup_lifetime (type.map ([] (HIR::Type *t) {
+         return static_cast<HIR::ReferenceType *> (t)->get_lifetime ();
+       }));
+       translated_place.lifetime = init_place.lifetime;
+      }
+  }
+
+  void visit (HIR::IdentifierPattern &pattern) override
+  {
+    // Top-level identifiers are resolved directly to avoid useless temporary
+    // (for cleaner BIR).
+    visit_identifier (pattern.get_mappings (), pattern.get_is_ref ());
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ReferencePattern &pattern) override
+  {
+    SavedState saved (this);
+
+    auto ref_type = type.map (
+      [] (HIR::Type *t) { return static_cast<HIR::ReferenceType *> (t); });
+
+    type = ref_type.map (
+      [] (HIR::ReferenceType *r) { return r->get_base_type ().get (); });
+    init = ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::DEREF, lookup_type 
(pattern),
+                                           saved.init);
+    ctx.place_db[init].lifetime
+      = ctx.lookup_lifetime (ref_type.map (&HIR::ReferenceType::get_lifetime));
+    pattern.get_referenced_pattern ()->accept_vis (*this);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::SlicePattern &pattern) override
+  {
+    SavedState saved (this);
+
+    type = type.map ([] (HIR::Type *t) {
+      return static_cast<HIR::SliceType *> (t)->get_element_type ().get ();
+    });
+    // All indexes are supposed to point to the same place for borrow-checking.
+    init = ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::INDEX, lookup_type 
(pattern),
+                                           saved.init);
+    for (auto &item : pattern.get_items ())
+      {
+       item->accept_vis (*this);
+      }
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::AltPattern &pattern) override
+  {
+    rust_sorry_at (pattern.get_locus (),
+                  "borrow-checking of alt patterns is not yet implemented");
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructPattern &pattern) override
+  {
+    SavedState saved (this);
+
+    auto tyty = ctx.place_db[init].tyty;
+    rust_assert (tyty->get_kind () == TyTy::ADT);
+    auto adt_ty = static_cast<TyTy::ADTType *> (tyty);
+    rust_assert (adt_ty->is_struct_struct ());
+    auto struct_ty = adt_ty->get_variants ().at (0);
+
+    auto struct_type = type.map ([] (HIR::Type *t) {
+      return static_cast<HIR::TypePath *> (t)->get_final_segment ().get ();
+    });
+    for (auto &field :
+        pattern.get_struct_pattern_elems ().get_struct_pattern_fields ())
+      {
+       switch (field->get_item_type ())
+         {
+           case HIR::StructPatternField::TUPLE_PAT: {
+             auto tuple
+               = static_cast<HIR::StructPatternFieldTuplePat *> (field.get ());
+             init = ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (
+               Place::FIELD, lookup_type (*tuple->get_tuple_pattern ()),
+               saved.init, tuple->get_index ());
+             tuple->get_tuple_pattern ()->accept_vis (*this);
+             break;
+           }
+           case HIR::StructPatternField::IDENT_PAT: {
+             auto ident_field
+               = static_cast<HIR::StructPatternFieldIdentPat *> (field.get ());
+             TyTy::StructFieldType *field_ty = nullptr;
+             size_t field_index = 0;
+             auto ok = struct_ty->lookup_field (
+               ident_field->get_identifier ().as_string (), &field_ty,
+               &field_index);
+             rust_assert (ok);
+             init
+               = ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::FIELD,
+                                                  field_ty->get_field_type (),
+                                                  saved.init, field_index);
+             ident_field->get_pattern ()->accept_vis (*this);
+             break;
+           }
+           case HIR::StructPatternField::IDENT: {
+             auto ident_field
+               = static_cast<HIR::StructPatternFieldIdent *> (field.get ());
+             TyTy::StructFieldType *field_ty = nullptr;
+             size_t field_index = 0;
+             auto ok = struct_ty->lookup_field (
+               ident_field->get_identifier ().as_string (), &field_ty,
+               &field_index);
+             rust_assert (ok);
+             init
+               = ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::FIELD,
+                                                  field_ty->get_field_type (),
+                                                  saved.init, field_index);
+             visit_identifier (ident_field->get_mappings (),
+                               ident_field->get_has_ref ());
+             break;
+           }
+         }
+      }
+  }
+  void visit_tuple_fields (std::vector<std::unique_ptr<HIR::Pattern>> &fields,
+                          SavedState &saved, size_t &index)
+  {
+    for (auto &item : fields)
+      {
+       type = saved.type.map ([&] (HIR::Type *t) {
+         return static_cast<HIR::TupleType *> (t)
+           ->get_elems ()
+           .at (index)
+           .get ();
+       });
+       init
+         = ctx.place_db.lookup_or_add_path (Place::FIELD, lookup_type (*item),
+                                            saved.init, index);
+       item->accept_vis (*this);
+       index++;
+      }
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TuplePattern &pattern) override
+  {
+    SavedState saved (this);
+
+    size_t index = 0;
+    switch (pattern.get_items ()->get_item_type ())
+      {
+       case HIR::TuplePatternItems::MULTIPLE: {
+         auto &items = static_cast<HIR::TuplePatternItemsMultiple &> (
+           *pattern.get_items ());
+         visit_tuple_fields (items.get_patterns (), saved, index);
+         break;
+       }
+       case HIR::TuplePatternItems::RANGED: {
+         auto &items = static_cast<HIR::TuplePatternItemsRanged &> (
+           *pattern.get_items ());
+
+         auto tyty = ctx.place_db[init].tyty;
+         rust_assert (tyty->get_kind () == TyTy::TUPLE);
+
+         auto skipped = (static_cast<TyTy::TupleType *> (tyty))->num_fields ()
+                        - items.get_lower_patterns ().size ()
+                        - items.get_upper_patterns ().size ();
+
+         visit_tuple_fields (items.get_lower_patterns (), saved, index);
+         index += skipped;
+         visit_tuple_fields (items.get_upper_patterns (), saved, index);
+         break;
+       }
+      }
+    init = saved.init;
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleStructPattern &pattern) override
+  {
+    SavedState saved (this);
+
+    size_t index = 0;
+    switch (pattern.get_items ()->get_item_type ())
+      {
+       case HIR::TupleStructItems::RANGE: {
+         auto &items
+           = static_cast<HIR::TupleStructItemsRange &> (*pattern.get_items ());
+
+         auto tyty = ctx.place_db[init].tyty;
+         rust_assert (tyty->get_kind () == TyTy::ADT);
+         auto adt_ty = static_cast<TyTy::ADTType *> (tyty);
+         rust_assert (adt_ty->is_tuple_struct ());
+
+         auto skipped = adt_ty->get_variants ().at (0)->get_fields ().size ()
+                        - items.get_lower_patterns ().size ()
+                        - items.get_upper_patterns ().size ();
+
+         visit_tuple_fields (items.get_lower_patterns (), saved, index);
+         index += skipped;
+         visit_tuple_fields (items.get_upper_patterns (), saved, index);
+         break;
+       }
+       case HIR::TupleStructItems::NO_RANGE: {
+         auto &items = static_cast<HIR::TupleStructItemsNoRange &> (
+           *pattern.get_items ());
+         visit_tuple_fields (items.get_patterns (), saved, index);
+         break;
+       }
+      }
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::WildcardPattern &pattern) override {}
+
+  // Unused for binding.
+  void visit (HIR::LiteralPattern &pattern) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::PathInExpression &expression) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::QualifiedPathInExpression &expression) override {}
+  void visit (HIR::RangePattern &pattern) override {}
+
+private:
+  template <typename T> tl::optional<T> *get_type ()
+  {
+    return static_cast<T *> (type);
+  }
+};
+} // namespace BIR
+} // namespace Rust
+
+#endif // RUST_BIR_BUILDER_PATTERN_H
diff --git a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-struct.h 
b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-struct.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fa2f5965af68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder-struct.h
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This file is part of GCC.
+
+// GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+// Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+// version.
+
+// GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+// for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef RUST_BIR_BUILDER_STRUCT_H
+#define RUST_BIR_BUILDER_STRUCT_H
+
+#include "rust-bir-builder-internal.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h"
+
+namespace Rust {
+namespace BIR {
+
+// Separated because it needs the struct type as a context.
+class StructBuilder : public AbstractBuilder, public HIR::HIRFullVisitor
+{
+  TyTy::VariantDef *struct_ty;
+  std::vector<PlaceId> init_values;
+
+public:
+  StructBuilder (BuilderContext &ctx, TyTy::VariantDef *struct_ty)
+    : AbstractBuilder (ctx), struct_ty (struct_ty)
+  {
+    init_values.reserve (struct_ty->get_fields ().size ());
+  }
+
+  std::vector<PlaceId> &&build (HIR::StructExprStructFields &struct_expr)
+  {
+    for (auto &field : struct_expr.get_fields ())
+      field->accept_vis (*this);
+    return std::move (init_values);
+  }
+
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifier &field) override
+  {
+    resolve_variable (field, translated);
+    handle_named_field (field);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifierValue &field) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (*field.get_value ());
+    handle_named_field (field);
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIndexValue &field) override
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (*field.get_value ());
+    coercion_site (translated,
+                  struct_ty->get_field_at_index (field.get_tuple_index ())
+                    ->get_field_type ());
+    init_values.push_back (translated);
+  }
+
+private:
+  template <typename T> void handle_named_field (T &field)
+  {
+    size_t field_index;
+    TyTy::StructFieldType *field_type;
+    bool ok = struct_ty->lookup_field (field.get_field_name ().as_string (),
+                                      &field_type, &field_index);
+    rust_assert (ok);
+    rust_assert (translated != INVALID_PLACE);
+    coercion_site (translated, field_type->get_field_type ());
+    init_values.push_back (translated);
+  }
+
+protected:
+  void visit (HIR::Lifetime &lifetime) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::LifetimeParam &lifetime_param) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::PathInExpression &path) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TypePathSegment &segment) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TypePathSegmentGeneric &segment) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TypePathSegmentFunction &segment) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TypePath &path) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::QualifiedPathInExpression &path) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::QualifiedPathInType &path) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::LiteralExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::BorrowExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::DereferenceExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ErrorPropagationExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); 
}
+  void visit (HIR::NegationExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ArithmeticOrLogicalExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::ComparisonExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::LazyBooleanExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TypeCastExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::AssignmentExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::CompoundAssignmentExpr &expr) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::GroupedExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayElemsValues &elems) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayElemsCopied &elems) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayIndexExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleIndexExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprStruct &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprStructFields &expr) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructExprStructBase &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); 
}
+  void visit (HIR::CallExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::MethodCallExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::FieldAccessExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::BlockExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ClosureExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ContinueExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::BreakExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromToExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeToExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFullExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeFromToInclExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangeToInclExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ReturnExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::UnsafeBlockExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::LoopExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::WhileLoopExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::WhileLetLoopExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::IfExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::IfExprConseqElse &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::IfLetExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::IfLetExprConseqElse &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::MatchExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::AwaitExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::AsyncBlockExpr &expr) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TypeParam &param) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ConstGenericParam &param) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::LifetimeWhereClauseItem &item) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TypeBoundWhereClauseItem &item) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::Module &module) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ExternCrate &crate) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::UseTreeGlob &use_tree) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::UseTreeList &use_tree) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::UseTreeRebind &use_tree) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::UseDeclaration &use_decl) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::Function &function) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TypeAlias &type_alias) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::StructStruct &struct_item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleStruct &tuple_struct) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::EnumItem &item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::EnumItemTuple &item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::EnumItemStruct &item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::EnumItemDiscriminant &item) override { rust_unreachable (); 
}
+  void visit (HIR::Enum &enum_item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::Union &union_item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ConstantItem &const_item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::StaticItem &static_item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TraitItemFunc &item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TraitItemConst &item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TraitItemType &item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::Trait &trait) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ImplBlock &impl) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ExternalStaticItem &item) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ExternalFunctionItem &item) override { rust_unreachable (); 
}
+  void visit (HIR::ExternBlock &block) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::LiteralPattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::IdentifierPattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); 
}
+  void visit (HIR::WildcardPattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RangePatternBoundLiteral &bound) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::RangePatternBoundPath &bound) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::RangePatternBoundQualPath &bound) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::RangePattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ReferencePattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::StructPatternFieldTuplePat &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructPatternFieldIdentPat &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructPatternFieldIdent &field) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::StructPattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleStructItemsNoRange &tuple_items) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleStructItemsRange &tuple_items) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleStructPattern &pattern) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TuplePatternItemsMultiple &tuple_items) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TuplePatternItemsRanged &tuple_items) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TuplePattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::SlicePattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::AltPattern &pattern) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::EmptyStmt &stmt) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::LetStmt &stmt) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ExprStmt &stmt) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TraitBound &bound) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ImplTraitType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::TraitObjectType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ParenthesisedType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ImplTraitTypeOneBound &type) override
+  {
+    rust_unreachable ();
+  }
+  void visit (HIR::TupleType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::NeverType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::RawPointerType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ReferenceType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::ArrayType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::SliceType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::InferredType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+  void visit (HIR::BareFunctionType &type) override { rust_unreachable (); }
+};
+
+} // namespace BIR
+} // namespace Rust
+
+#endif // RUST_BIR_BUILDER_STRUCT_H
diff --git a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder.h 
b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..322d00d280e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-bir-builder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This file is part of GCC.
+
+// GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+// Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+// version.
+
+// GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+// for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef RUST_BIR_BUILDER_H
+#define RUST_BIR_BUILDER_H
+
+#include "rust-bir-builder-internal.h"
+#include "rust-hir-visitor.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-pattern.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-struct.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder-expr-stmt.h"
+
+namespace Rust {
+namespace BIR {
+
+/** Top-level builder, which compiles a HIR function into a BIR function. */
+class Builder : public AbstractBuilder
+{
+public:
+  explicit Builder (BuilderContext &ctx) : AbstractBuilder (ctx) {}
+
+  Function build (HIR::Function &function)
+  {
+    PlaceId return_place
+      = ctx.place_db.add_temporary (lookup_type (*function.get_definition ()));
+    rust_assert (return_place == RETURN_VALUE_PLACE);
+
+    for (auto &param : function.get_function_params ())
+      {
+       handle_param (param);
+      }
+
+    handle_body (*function.get_definition ());
+
+    return Function{std::move (ctx.place_db), std::move (ctx.arguments),
+                   std::move (ctx.basic_blocks)};
+  };
+
+private:
+  void handle_param (HIR::FunctionParam &param)
+  {
+    auto &pattern = param.get_param_name ();
+    if (pattern->get_pattern_type () == HIR::Pattern::IDENTIFIER
+       && !static_cast<HIR::IdentifierPattern &> (*pattern).get_is_ref ())
+      {
+       // Avoid useless temporary variable for parameter.
+       translated = declare_variable (pattern->get_mappings ());
+       ctx.arguments.push_back (translated);
+      }
+    else
+      {
+       translated = ctx.place_db.add_temporary (lookup_type (*pattern));
+       ctx.arguments.push_back (translated);
+       PatternBindingBuilder (ctx, translated, param.get_type ().get ())
+         .go (*param.get_param_name ());
+      }
+  }
+
+  void handle_body (HIR::BlockExpr &body)
+  {
+    translated = ExprStmtBuilder (ctx).build (body);
+    if (body.has_expr ())
+      {
+       push_assignment (RETURN_VALUE_PLACE, translated);
+       ctx.get_current_bb ().statements.emplace_back (Node::Kind::RETURN);
+      }
+  }
+};
+
+} // namespace BIR
+} // namespace Rust
+
+#endif // RUST_BIR_BUILDER_H
diff --git a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-borrow-checker.cc 
b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-borrow-checker.cc
index 44d33c57838a..4b9712538df3 100644
--- a/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-borrow-checker.cc
+++ b/gcc/rust/checks/errors/borrowck/rust-borrow-checker.cc
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "rust-borrow-checker.h"
 #include "rust-function-collector.h"
-#include "rust-bir.h"
-#include "rust-bir-visitor.h"
+#include "rust-bir-builder.h"
 
 namespace Rust {
 namespace HIR {
@@ -30,8 +29,11 @@ BorrowChecker::go (HIR::Crate &crate)
   FunctionCollector collector;
   collector.go (crate);
 
-  for (auto func ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED : collector.get_functions ())
+  for (auto func : collector.get_functions ())
     {
+      BIR::BuilderContext ctx;
+      BIR::Builder builder (ctx);
+      builder.build (*func);
     }
 
   for (auto closure ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED : collector.get_closures ())
diff --git a/gcc/rust/rust-session-manager.cc b/gcc/rust/rust-session-manager.cc
index 96d5f4729165..c18a3d01bd94 100644
--- a/gcc/rust/rust-session-manager.cc
+++ b/gcc/rust/rust-session-manager.cc
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@
 #include "rust-expand-visitor.h"
 #include "rust-unicode.h"
 #include "rust-attribute-values.h"
+#include "rust-borrow-checker.h"
 
 #include "input.h"
 #include "selftest.h"
 #include "tm.h"
 #include "rust-target.h"
-#include "rust-borrow-checker.h"
 
 extern bool
 saw_errors (void);

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