https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=111559
--- Comment #6 from Sergei Trofimovich <slyfox at gcc dot gnu.org> --- Uninitialized value comes from `ipa_merge_profiles()` for our `rule1_same()` alias and `rule1()` functions: // in gcc/ipa-icf.cc: else if (create_alias) { alias->icf_merged = true; /* Remove the function's body. */ ipa_merge_profiles (original, alias); // ... If I comment out `ipa_merge_profiles (original, alias);` call to leave `original` as is then failure does not happen. Which means at least `original`'s profile is fine. Tracing through `ipa_merge_profiles()` we generate uninitialized probalility profile when divide by zero at: // in gcc/ipa-utils.cc void ipa_merge_profiles (struct cgraph_node *dst, struct cgraph_node *src, bool preserve_body) // ... /* TODO: merge also statement histograms. */ FOR_ALL_BB_FN (srcbb, srccfun) { unsigned int i; if (copy_counts) { /* snip: ireelevant */ } else { for (i = 0; i < EDGE_COUNT (srcbb->succs); i++) { edge srce = EDGE_SUCC (srcbb, i); edge dste = EDGE_SUCC (dstbb, i); dste->probability = dste->probability * dstbb->count.ipa ().probability_in (dstbb->count.ipa () + srccount.ipa ()) + srce->probability * srcbb->count.ipa ().probability_in (dstbb->count.ipa () + srccount.ipa ()); } dstbb->count = dstbb->count.ipa () + srccount.ipa (); } } // ... Here `dstbb->count.ipa () + srccount.ipa ()` is zero. This assert should expose it as well: --- a/gcc/ipa-utils.cc +++ b/gcc/ipa-utils.cc @@ -651,13 +651,15 @@ ipa_merge_profiles (struct cgraph_node *dst, { edge srce = EDGE_SUCC (srcbb, i); edge dste = EDGE_SUCC (dstbb, i); + + profile_count den = dstbb->count.ipa () + srccount.ipa (); + gcc_assert(den.nonzero_p()); + dste->probability = dste->probability * dstbb->count.ipa ().probability_in - (dstbb->count.ipa () - + srccount.ipa ()) + (den) + srce->probability * srcbb->count.ipa ().probability_in - (dstbb->count.ipa () - + srccount.ipa ()); + (den); } dstbb->count = dstbb->count.ipa () + srccount.ipa (); } If we attach `gdb` it agrees we exercise these edges 0 times. (gdb) call dstbb->count.debug() 0 (precise) (gdb) call srccount.ipa ().debug() 0 (precise) For comparison we are trying to clobber `always` probability with `undefined`: (gdb) call dste->probability.debug() always What edge is that? (gdb) call debug_edge(srce) edge (bb_3, bb_4) __attribute__((noinline)) void rule1 () { int p.0_1; <bb 2> [count: 2]: p.0_1 = p; if (p.0_1 != 0) goto <bb 3>; [0.00%] else goto <bb 4>; [100.00%] <bb 3> [count: 0]: edge (); <bb 4> [count: 2]: return; } `always` should valid for `bb_3->bb_4`. But for our data input it's `never`.