https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=109443
--- Comment #10 from Jakub Jelinek <jakub at gcc dot gnu.org> --- Making the reference types to return or parameter non-POD types passed by value restrict could be --- gcc/cp/call.cc.jj 2023-03-30 09:34:05.609725768 +0200 +++ gcc/cp/call.cc 2023-04-13 09:56:53.226908996 +0200 @@ -9223,7 +9223,11 @@ type_passed_as (tree type) { /* Pass classes with copy ctors by invisible reference. */ if (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type)) - type = build_reference_type (type); + { + type = build_reference_type (type); + type = build_qualified_type (type, + TYPE_QUALS (type) | TYPE_QUAL_RESTRICT); + } else if (targetm.calls.promote_prototypes (NULL_TREE) && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type) && COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type) --- gcc/cp/cp-gimplify.cc.jj 2023-03-15 15:36:02.500430556 +0100 +++ gcc/cp/cp-gimplify.cc 2023-04-13 09:57:51.989059798 +0200 @@ -2000,6 +2000,9 @@ cp_genericize (tree fndecl) { t = DECL_RESULT (fndecl); TREE_TYPE (t) = build_reference_type (TREE_TYPE (t)); + TREE_TYPE (t) + = build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (t), TYPE_QUALS (TREE_TYPE (t)) + | TYPE_QUAL_RESTRICT); DECL_BY_REFERENCE (t) = 1; TREE_ADDRESSABLE (t) = 0; relayout_decl (t); Completely untested. Does this what we want? Stage1 material anyway...