https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=109294
--- Comment #2 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> --- (In reply to Dávid Péter Jánosa from comment #0) > Based on the calls, the same binary will provide different results for use > case 1 vs 3 which is a bug. > Also, the result will be different for use case 2 in -O0 and -O3, which is > also a bug. No, those are not bugs, see the discussion in https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p1383r1.pdf It's not reasonable to expect the exact same results for floating-point maths under all conditions.