https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105506
--- Comment #2 from Brecht Sanders <brechtsanders at users dot sourceforge.net> --- I did an additional test to see where gcc.exe is looking for cc1.exe using Process Monitor. This was using a i686 UCRT build of GCC against MinGW-w64 installed under: D:\Prog\winlibs32ucrt_stage\mingw32 I'm on Windows 11. First it looks here (opening the file handle with CreateFile): D:\Prog\winlibs32ucrt_stage\mingw32\libexec\gcc\i686-w64-mingw32ucrt\12.1.0\cc1.exe This actually exists. But then a call to QueryInformationVolume fails with BUFFER OVERFLOW and then agian another call to QueryAllInformationFile also fails with BUFFER OVERFLOW Then it goes on to look for cc1.exe in places where it doesn't exist.