https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=104523
--- Comment #3 from Andrew Pinski <pinskia at gcc dot gnu.org> --- apinski@xeond:~/src/upstream-gcc$ ~/upstream-gcc/bin/gcc t.ii -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts PyBind11Module.cpp:5:9: internal compiler error: tree check: expected none of template_decl, have template_decl in add_specializations, at cp/module.cc:12971 0x8f8f58 tree_not_check_failed(tree_node const*, char const*, int, char const*, ...) /home/apinski/src/upstream-gcc/gcc/gcc/tree.c:8739 0x75c6b1 tree_not_check(tree_node*, char const*, int, char const*, tree_code) /home/apinski/src/upstream-gcc/gcc/gcc/tree.h:3450 0x75c6b1 depset::hash::add_specializations(bool) /home/apinski/src/upstream-gcc/gcc/gcc/cp/module.cc:12971 0xb00fa5 module_state::write(elf_out*, cpp_reader*) /home/apinski/src/upstream-gcc/gcc/gcc/cp/module.cc:17606 0xb02590 finish_module_processing(cpp_reader*) /home/apinski/src/upstream-gcc/gcc/gcc/cp/module.cc:19876 0xa92a5b c_parse_final_cleanups() /home/apinski/src/upstream-gcc/gcc/gcc/cp/decl2.c:5310 Please submit a full bug report, with preprocessed source if appropriate. Please include the complete backtrace with any bug report. See <https://gcc.gnu.org/bugs/> for instructions. Reducing.