https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=103923
--- Comment #3 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> --- If I change the __cache_default trait to be: template<typename _Tp, typename _Hash> using __cache_default = __bool_constant<!(__is_fast_hash<_Hash>::value // Do not cache for fast hasher. // Mandatory to have erase not throwing. && noexcept(std::declval<const _Hash&>()(std::declval<const _Tp&>())))>; Then you get an error from the instantiation of std::unordered_map, confirming what I said above: In file included from /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/unordered_map:46, from 103923.C:4: /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h: In instantiation of 'class std::unordered_map<T::K, int, T::H>': 103923.C:13:45: required from here /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' 50 | && noexcept(std::declval<const _Hash&>()(std::declval<const _Tp&>())))>; | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~ /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' In file included from /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/unordered_map:47, from 103923.C:4: /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/unordered_map.h:874:42: error: using invalid field 'std::unordered_map<_Key, _Tp, _Hash, _Pred, _Alloc>::_M_h' 874 | find(const _Kt& __x) -> decltype(_M_h._M_find_tr(__x)) | ^~~~ /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/unordered_map.h:885:48: error: using invalid field 'std::unordered_map<_Key, _Tp, _Hash, _Pred, _Alloc>::_M_h' 885 | find(const _Kt& __x) const -> decltype(_M_h._M_find_tr(__x)) | ^~~~ /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/unordered_map.h:907:49: error: using invalid field 'std::unordered_map<_Key, _Tp, _Hash, _Pred, _Alloc>::_M_h' 907 | count(const _Kt& __x) const -> decltype(_M_h._M_count_tr(__x)) | ^~~~ /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/unordered_map.h:926:21: error: using invalid field 'std::unordered_map<_Key, _Tp, _Hash, _Pred, _Alloc>::_M_h' 926 | -> decltype(_M_h._M_find_tr(__x), void(), true) | ^~~~ In file included from /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/unordered_map:46, from 103923.C:4: /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' 50 | && noexcept(std::declval<const _Hash&>()(std::declval<const _Tp&>())))>; | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~ In file included from /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/unordered_map:47, from 103923.C:4: /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/unordered_map.h:948:21: error: using invalid field 'std::unordered_map<_Key, _Tp, _Hash, _Pred, _Alloc>::_M_h' 948 | -> decltype(_M_h._M_equal_range_tr(__x)) | ^~~~ In file included from /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/unordered_map:46, from 103923.C:4: /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/hashtable.h:50:50: error: use of 'auto T::H::operator()(const T::K&) const' before deduction of 'auto' 50 | && noexcept(std::declval<const _Hash&>()(std::declval<const _Tp&>())))>; | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~ In file included from /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/unordered_map:47, from 103923.C:4: /home/jwakely/gcc/12/include/c++/12.0.0/bits/unordered_map.h:960:21: error: using invalid field 'std::unordered_map<_Key, _Tp, _Hash, _Pred, _Alloc>::_M_h' 960 | -> decltype(_M_h._M_equal_range_tr(__x)) | ^~~~