https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=96455
--- Comment #1 from Richard Biener <rguenth at gcc dot gnu.org> --- No - I don't know how GCC 7 exactly behaved but with GCC 9 you have to control the partial link output kind via -flinker-output, you want -flinker-output=nolto-rel I think. With GCC 9 and an incremental link (-r) we default to =rel where GCC 7 defaulted to nolto-rel (but had no way to do anything else).