https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=91357
Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> changed: What |Removed |Added ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Status|UNCONFIRMED |RESOLVED Resolution|--- |INVALID --- Comment #1 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> --- It's UB, no question. The table of "Optional sequence container operations" says a[n] is equivalent to *(a.begin() + n) so when n==a.size() you dereference the past-the-end iterator, which is UB.